Test: Teaching Aptitude (Methods of Teaching) - Software Development MCQ

Major objective of nursing education is to help students learn better and retain maximum. Teaching essentially helps students to acquire knowledge and understanding, develop skills, attitudes, values and appreciation leading to change in behavior. The methods of teaching commonly in use can be grouped as teaching methods at the classroom setting.

Key PointsStory telling Method:

• Listening and telling stories helps children in learning language in primary classes.
• Listening to stories is of interest to children and also enhances their creativity.
• This helps the children in developing their ability to express themselves.
• In story telling method the teacher is active and the child is inactive.
• While telling story teacher express their thought in active way and students listen story in inactive way.
• In the story telling we keep incorporating our life experiences in them.

Hence, we can conclude that in story telling method the teacher is active and the child is inactive.

Additional Information

• Observation method: Observation method is one of the most important and authentic method used for data collection. The observer uses his sensory organs and observes the behavior / attitude of the people or a group.
• Question answer method: Question answer method is an instrument of data collection. The researchers most commonly use this method for collecting data.

All children love to play. Play is a natural instinct of children. It is the natural expression of their needs. It develops the physical, cognitive, social, and emotional growth of a child. Friederich Froebel, the pioneer in childhood education, was of the view that the education of young children should be based on play. He believed that creative play had to be designed so that it could be transformed into creative work.

Advantages of the Play-way method of teaching in a classroom are as follows:

• Playing games is a natural instinct with young children. They not only participate in the games spontaneously, but they can also organize the game effectively.
• Children can create a new game; they devise the rules for playing the game and observe strictly the self-created discipline.
• This helps to nurture the creative skills of children along with the development of several life skills like problem-solving, leadership, rational thinking, self-expression, communication skills, cooperative learning, group living, etc.
• Learning becomes a natural, joyful, and energizing experience. As play is a natural activity, instinctive and joyful, children do not feel learning as a burden and stressful but participate in it voluntarily.
• It provides sufficient scope to the children to fulfil their physical, emotional, and cognitive needs.
  • Physical development and acquisition of motor skills depend upon the maturation of the parts of the body and the opportunities available to the child to practice these skills. Play provides the child with opportunities to practice.
  • Play situations provide opportunities to handle and examine objects and explore the surroundings which help children to find answers to the questions in their minds and to understand the reason why things happen the way they do. By allowing children to play as they like, will help them in learning.
  • Play allows children to discover and learn for themselves. To discover means to find out about things and events for oneself
• It helps to build healthy student-teacher and student-student relationships. 
• In a play-way method, learning takes place through activities and learners remain active, not passive.

From the above, it is clear that all the statements mentioned in the question regarding the advantages of the play-way method are true.

Teaching can be Direct and Indirect.

1. Direct teaching methods:
   • Teachers use methods such as lectures, demonstrations, etc, in this type of teaching.
   • It engages students in the face – to – face interaction.
2. Indirect teaching 
   • In this type of teaching active methods such as role-play, project, assignment, inquiry, or other such activities are used.
   • Indirect methods are basically Learner-centered methods where the students are actively involved in the teaching-learning process. 

Note: Lecturing with examples, team teaching, and demonstration on a subject; all the three methods are direct in nature and are teacher-centered. 

Hence, The only collaborative project method is learner-centered and indirect in nature among all four. Therefore, a collaborative project method of teaching will encourage indirect learning in the student.

Learner-centered teaching methods shift the focus of activity from the teacher to the learners.

Key Points

Learner-centered teaching methods include: 

• Active learning, in which students solve problems, answer questions, formulate questions of their own, discuss, explain, debate, or brainstorm during class.
• Cooperative Learning is an instructional method in which students work in small groups to accomplish a common learning goal under the guidance of the teacher.
• Inductive learning, also known as discovery learning, is a process where the learner discovers rules by observing examples. The inductive method of teaching and learning is an umbrella term that includes a range of instructional methods.

All the above methods are learner-centered or student-centered because they impose more responsibility on students for their own learning than the traditional classroom lecture-based deductive approach does.

Additional Information

•  Passive learning is defined as “a method of learning or instruction where students receive information from the instructor and internalize it.”
• In basic terms, this means that a student will listen and read the material and reflect internally without further reflection back or reviewing.

Practice-based learning is more than 'learn the theory then go to work. ' With practice-based learning, students combine theory and work experience with a strategic, reflective process throughout the duration of your learning. Students don't just learn the theory first, then jump into the classroom and apply it afterward. Key Points

Advantages of practical teaching method

• Practical-Learning assists students in identifying their real interests and choose a career accordingly.
• Makes the learner practically work to achieve the goal.
• Provides Basic Skills for Students. Practice and drills give students an opportunity to learn certain concepts quickly and effectively.

Hence, we can conclude that in practical teaching method does the learner practically work to achieve the goal.Additional Information

A teacher-centered approach is one where activities in the classroom are controlled by the teacher. In teacher-centered education, students put all of their focus on the teacher. The teacher leads the activity in the classroom and provides necessary information.

Key Points

• It focuses on the discipline of students.
• The emphasis is given to the right answer by students.
• The teacher gives instructions while students only listen to teacher not give any responses.
• Courses prescribed for a class can be completed in a time because all activities are controlled by the teacher.
• Power is primarily with teachers and the teacher is the only person who will give instructions and students will follow the instructions.
• Acquisition of knowledge is focused.

So, in a teacher-centered approach, the student will not develop the ability to develop the ability to create different models using clay and paper in the group. because the teacher-centered approach focuses on imparting the knowledge and students passively grasp the knowledge.

The teaching method is a way to put theory into practice.

• It generally describes the pedagogy of children, general principles, and management strategies that are to be used through the whole teaching-learning process.
• The teacher must be flexible while using teaching methods to encourage the participation of students in the teaching-learning process.​

Key Points

Synthetic method

• ​It is the reverse of the analytical method. 
• It proceeds from known to unknown or from hypothesis to conclusion.
• The facts, data, and information are combined in a single form and various operations are being performed to reach a solution.
• It is a logical method and based on deductive reasoning.
• The thinking and reasoning power of students are developed through this method.
• This method proceeds from the known to unknown and from hypothesis to conclusion.
• It promotes convergent thinking and is also known as general to specific, the rule to example, abstract to the concrete.
• It is effective in teaching mathematics, environmental studies, and social studies.

Hence, the synthetic method proceeds from known to unknown or from hypothesis to conclusion.

Additional Information

Related to teacher questioning is the use of teacher probes. Probing or delving occurs when a student does not respond to a teacher's question. Probes are teacher assists that support the student to answer.

Key Points  Probing:

• Probing helps students to clarify their thinking, surface their reasoning, and explore alternative perspectives or solutions.
• A probing question makes a student think more deeply about the topic at hand, thereby engaging him/her in more cognitively rigorous instruction.
• This is especially important for lower-achieving students who may have begun to doubt their own capabilities and withhold effort.
• Seeing their teachers make a special effort to help them can enhance students’ self-confidence and willingness to exert effort in learning.
• The question stems that follow are examples of teacher probes that can support students to think more deeply.

Hence, the approach that encourages students to elaborate on an answer - either their own or another student is called probing.

Additional Information

• Structuring is defined by Hospel and Galand (2016) as “the amount and the clarity of information given to students about how to satisfy teachers' expectations and achieve the desired educational outcomes.”
• Teacher task orientation is a key behavior that refers to how much classroom time the teacher devotes to the task of teaching.
  • The more time dedicated to the task of teaching a specific topic, the greater the opportunity students have to learn.
• Remediation is also colloquially known as “re-teaching,” as it assumes that the student has been introduced to concepts previously but has not yet mastered them.
  • Remediation enables teachers to spot blind spots in students' learning and quickly assess and correct them.

The teaching method is a way to put theory in practice with the help of principles, pedagogy, and management strategies. It helps the teachers to plan and present the lesson coherently.

• There are different kinds of teaching-learning methods that make learning a fruitful process and the 'interactive method' is one of them.

Key Points

Interactive methods:

• Interactive methods ensure the active participation and involvement of children which play a very vital role in learning and shaping the personality of a child.
• In these methods, teachers facilitate students as a facilitator by providing with proper environment and materials to make them learn at their own pace.

• It provides autonomy to students to control their own work and to solve problems and analyze texts to demonstrate an understanding of a task.

Hence, it could be concluded that teachers need to practice 'Interactive methods'.

Additional Information

• Lecture method:  It is a teacher-centered method in which the teacher delivers a lecture on different topics, which makes class monotonous and students a passive learner.
• Narratives: These are used as a method of teaching at the primary level to engage children effectively in learning by providing the contextual learning environment to children.