Test: Teaching Practices (Teaching Learning process) - Software Development MCQ

Readiness level or Learning- readiness refers to the present cognitive level of students in the learning continuum. It implies the degree of inquisitiveness of an individual to learn.

It emphasizes the fact that specific or general ability won't be able to make learning effective till then the learners are eagerly, mentally, physically, and emotionally ready and present to learn.

A teacher can enhance the readiness level of his students by organizing a creational activity in the classroom related to the particular topic as:

• Inclusion of purposeful creational activities makes learning meaningful and fruitful. It is best for teaching students of class three.
• Creative expressions in learning ensure the active involvement of the child and develop the ability to assimilate the concept efficiently by building creative thinking skills.

Form of Creational Activities in Teaching-learning Process:

• Writing: Poetry, songs, dramas, etc.

• Graphic Arts: Designing posters, banners, etc.

• Music: Songs related to environmental messages.

• Movement and dance: Performing non-verbal arts.

• Puppetry: Transmitting environmental messages. 

Hence, it could be concluded that organizing a creational activity in the classroom related to a particular topic will be the best way to enhance the readiness level of his students. 

A lesson plan outlines in detail the various steps which the teacher proposes to undertake in his\her class. A  lesson plan is a means of taking advance decisions about the selection, sequencing, and execution of various activities to be performed in a classroom with a view to ensure the learning of children.

• A lesson plan outlines in detail the various steps which the teacher proposes to undertake in his/her class.
• It starts with introductory questions to activate the learner's previous knowledge and ends with the evaluation of students to know the achievement level of teaching objectives.

Important Points​While developing a lesson plan- first of all, the teacher has to keep the following things in mind:

• Objectives: The objectives of teaching a particular lesson should be stated as per the competency to be developed amongst children. Generally, teachers state only general, and specific objectives of the lesson. 
• Introductory question: It pertains to preparing and motivating children to the lesson content by linking it to the previous knowledge of the student by arousing the curiosity of the children and by making an appeal to their senses. This prepares the child's mind to receive new knowledge.
• Methods: The most appropriate method be chosen by the teacher. The method selected, should be suitable to the subject matter to be taught. Suitable teaching aids must also be identified by the teacher. 
• Evaluation: A teacher must evaluate his\her lesson to find the extent to which he\she has achieved the objectives of his\her lesson. Evaluation can be done even by a recapitulation of subject matter through suitable questions.

Thus, it is concluded that the Introductory question is related to the student's previous knowledge.

Learning is not something that takes place within the boundaries of a classroom; rather it takes place anywhere, anytime, and from anyone. Learning may be defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as the result of prior experience.

Key Points One of the important characteristics of learning is that the acquisition of skills, habits, knowledge, and attitudes, influences the acquisition of new learning due to some kind of carry-over effect. The carrying over of feelings, habits, skills, and knowledge from one learning area to another is called transfer of training or learning. 

• The influence that learning one task may have on the subsequent learning of another is called transfer of learning.
• Sometimes the transfer of learning could be positive, negative, or zero.

Positive transfer of learning:-

• ​Positive transfer of learning is when learning on task does facilitate learning another. 
• For instance, school children, who memorize poems, mathematical tables, and other verbal material, show better learning of the similar new material as compared to the children who did not get previous training in memorization.

Negative transfer of learning:-

• Negative transfer occurs when the previous learning put hindrances in the performance of the subsequent task. The content, techniques, or principles which make for negative transfer are opposed to those required by the new situation.
• Here, the teacher taught plural of girl is girls with this learning the students make the plural of woman is womans, which is hindering the learning that plural of woman should be women.
• For instance, after the end of a year, most of us continue to write the previous year on our cheques for some time. If the telephone number of our friend changes, we often continue dialing their former number.

Zero transfer of learning:-

• ​The zero transfer refers to the fact that previous learning has no effect on subsequent learning. e.g.: a cricketer who improves his bowling skills is not expected to transfer this skill to improve this batting skill.

Thus, it is concluded that A teacher taught the students that the plural of ‘girl’ is ‘girls’ with this learning the students make plural of 'woman' is ‘womans’. This is an example of which negative transfer of learning.

Teachers are the implementers of education who foster the potential of young seedlings to grow and bloom. They carry a huge responsibility to shape and mould students' futures.

Key PointsA teacher normally assigns different tasks to the students as he believes that there are individual differences among students.

• Individual differences are the psychological characteristics that differentiate one person from another. Each person has their own personality, identity, values, and their own unique characteristics i.e., each one possesses a different level of intelligence and aptitudes. 
• The learners are the individuals who have different learning styles, personalities, intelligence, interests. These differences among learners are known as individual differences
• It is very important for a teacher to know the individual differences among students for an effective and productive teaching-learning process.
• The knowledge of individual differences will help a teacher to adjust the curriculum, teaching strategies, and methods for the benefit of students.
• It is important to cater to the different needs of different learners to make the teaching-learning process effective. The teacher can cater to these differences by differentiating the instruction.
• Differentiation means using different teaching-learning approaches to teach the students. It helps in providing a variety of learning experiences to the students and in making learning easy.

Hence, it could be concluded that the teacher normally assigns different tasks to the  students as he/she  believes that there are individual differences among students.

Being a senior school teacher, it is expected from her to have an ample amount of experience to run the school administration in such a way that the school can work towards the upliftment of the quality of education. There is definitely a lot of effort that will have to be put into the improvement, but everything will have to be done in sequential and systematic order.

 Key Points

• The basic process one needs to follow to do any kind of improvement is to first analyze the problems that are currently faced by the institution or the existing set-up that is hampering the growth.
• Second thing is to find out the root cause of those problems and then work on the elimination of the root cause. If she goes by these steps, she needs to first observe the classroom instructions to understand where the problem lies.

Hint

• ​Teaching the classes herself is not the solution, if she has to execute the duties and has to run the administration also, it is going to become a very tedious job for her.
• Thinking about replacements cannot be the initiation of the development, there may occur some unfortunate incidents where the administration may have to look for some replacements, but it cannot be the first step.
• Re-teaching the content to its best delivery is not the solution, already they have lost whats in the past and it is going to hamper what they are learning today, the best way to cover up the previous syllabus would be to parallelly revise the topics, so the students may not lose the momentum of their studies.

Thus, it is concluded that in the above-mentioned situation, arranging to observe instruction in each classroom can be the best step to begin this process with.

Examination refers to a formal test to measure learners' knowledge in a particular subject.

Key Points

If majority of students fails in the examination the teacher should fix its responsibility on his own method of teaching because:

• if in an examination a few students fail, it could be assumed that they don't pay attention or negligence in studies.
• if majority of students fails, the possible reason could be that the teacher uses inappropriate or irrelevant method of teaching.

Hence, it could be concluded that if majority of students fails in the examination the teacher should fix its responsibility on his own method of teaching. 

The ability to do something well; expertise is called Skill.

Important PointsSet Induction and Stimulus Variation as a skill in micro (peer)-teaching.

• This is a technique used by a teacher to attract the attention of all the learners and arouse their interest. 
• Induction means the initiation of knowledge to a beginner through inducement.

Induction is done through:

• By drawing pupil’s life experiences
• By storytelling or jokes telling
• By giving challenging tasks
• By using unique and unfamiliar demonstrations
• By giving instant pupil activities.

That means, Set of Induction is done by using some signals or by giving some hints.

Additional Information

• Writing on the board is not a part of the skill of induction variation.
• Motivation involves the biological, emotional, social, and cognitive forces that activate behavior. It has no connection with the skill of induction variation.
• Asking questions is not a part of the skill of induction variation.

So, we can conclude that the Set of Induction is done by using some signals or by giving some hints.

A curriculum is a standards-based sequence of planned experiences where students practice and achieve proficiency in content and applied learning skills. The curriculum must include the necessary goals, methods, materials, and assessments to effectively support instruction and learning.

Key Points

• The curriculum plays an important role in an educational system. It is somehow a blueprint that leads the teacher and the learner to reach the desired objectives. As a result, authorities have to design it in such a way that it could lead the teacher and the learner to meet the desired learning outcomes.

The four components of the curriculum are :

• Curriculum Aims, Goals, and Objectives - Aims, goals, and objectives can be simplified as “what is to be done”, “what instructional strategies, resources, and activities will be employed”, and “what methods and instruments will be used to assess the results of the curriculum”.
• Curriculum Content or Subject Matter - Curriculum has content. Here, it contains information to be learned in school. It is an element or a medium through which the objectives are accomplished.
• Curriculum Materials and Experience - The curriculum experience, instructional strategies, and methods are the core of the curriculum. These instructional strategies and methods will put into action the goals and use of the content in order to produce an outcome.
• Curriculum Evaluation - The curriculum evaluation is an element of an effective curriculum. It identifies the quality, effectiveness of the program, process, and product of the curriculum.

Therefore, the correct list of parts of a curriculum is objectives, content, materials, and evaluation strategies.

Teachers occupy a pivotal position in any nation as it is they who prepare the citizens of tomorrow. While the quality of the nation depends to a great extent on the quality of schools, the efficiency and effectiveness of schools lie in the hands of teachers. 

• To become a teacher, an individual not has to develop certain personal qualities, but also requires certain professional competencies.
• Many competencies are not feasible for an individual aspiring to be a teacher to acquire on his own. For this various training, services are available for the teachers. Mostly these trainings are divided into three stages:
  • 1. Pre- Service training, i.e. before joining as a teacher.
  • 2. Induction, i.e. at the time of joining
  • 3. In-service training, during the employed period.

Key Points 

• ​The third phase of teacher education is continuous in-service training. This phase is expected to be the longest and relatively more important.
• The initial training is only meant to supply a teacher with a 'license' for teaching and provides him access to the career of a teacher. However, it provides only the basic minimum knowledge and teaching skills required for the profession.
• But to continue working effectively, a teacher requires continuous personal and professional renewal in knowledge and teaching skills and redirection of tasks and expertise as the changing society necessitates. Hence, every teacher needs to pursue training beyond his/her initial certification. 
• Inservice training is unquestionably an issue that every teacher needs to pursue. Therefore, no teacher should and would not be satisfied with the initial and induction training that he has received. He requires in-service training to move forward in expertise and specialization. It is also required to equip a teacher with the competencies required for taking up new responsibilities.
• The major purposes for in-service training are:
  • To provide adequate professional training for effective teaching.
  • To keep teachers abreast of new developments in the profession.
  • To upgrade academic qualifications or professional competencies of teachers.
  • To develop skills and attitudes responsive to emerging national development goals and programs.
  • To disseminate specific information and undertake educational innovations, such as curriculum change, etc.

Thus, it is concluded that teachers are required to undergo in-service training to continuously upgrade their professional competencies.

Additional Information 

• Pre-service training:- It is the training that teacher has to undertake before starting a teaching career. For example- B.Ed. course.
• Induction: Induction is like an orientation programme where the teacher after joining has to undertake the rules and regulations of the school.

Motivation is the drive to achieve something in life that satisfies one’s needs. There are two primary types of motivation namely, intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. 

Key Points

Intrinsic motivation is the motivation that is animated by personal enjoyment, interest, or pleasure. 

• In an elementary classroom, an effective teacher should aim at the students to be motivated to learn so that they become curious and love learning for its own sake as intrinsic motivation refers to the behavior which focuses on:
  • personal satisfaction and internal rewards.
  • purposes to learn and improve to serve a cause.
  • motivating individuals intrinsically to achieve goals.
  • working for their own sake and inherent accomplishment.

Hint

• The remaining options are related to extrinsic motivation which refers to a behavior that is guided by earning rewards or avoiding punishment.

Hence, it could be concluded that the in an elementary classroom, an effective teacher should aim at the students to be motivated to learn so that they become curious and love learning for its own sake.