Test: Teaching Practices (Teaching Methods) - Software Development MCQ

 The teaching method is a way to put theory in practice with the help of principles, pedagogy, and management strategies. It helps the teachers to plan and present the lesson coherently. There are different kinds of teaching-learning methods that make learning a fruitful process.

• Infancy refers to the first year or the early period of a child's development in which the child grows rapidly after birth. It is a crucial period of development in which the child learns to sit, crawl, stand, etc.

Key PointsGood teaching methods for the infancy stage include:

Hence it could be concluded that all of them are good teaching methods for the infancy stage.

The teaching method is a way to put theory into practice. The process of interpreting the world of knowledge to a pupil's mind is called the method of teaching.

• It helps a teacher to understand "what to teach", "how to teach", "how to approach it".
• It includes both strategies and techniques of teaching and involves the choice of what is to be taught.

Key Points

Laboratory method

• It is a modern method of teaching especially used in mathematics and science.
• In this method, students get the opportunity to acquaint themselves with the facts through direct experiences.
• This method needs a laboratory in which equipment and other useful teaching aids related to the subject matter are available.
• The students themselves verify the facts and laws with the help of experiments. This method is based on the psychological principle of learning by doing.

Hence, it could be concluded that the laboratory method is one of the modern teaching methods.

Additional Information

A project is an educational method where students working individually or in small groups analyze and develop “real-life” problems or tackle a present-day theme within a preset time limit, working independently and with the division of tasks clearly defined. 

Important Points

The steps of conducting the project are:

• Providing a situation: Every project is intended to solve at least one problem which is perceived by the student(s). Becoming aware of the problem is the beginning of the formulation of the project. In this step, the learner is provided with the problematic situation to resolve by following further steps.
• Selecting a problem: From the situation given by the teacher, the learner has to find the problem, which he/she is going to make a project.
• Planning the project: In this step the student plans the project, planning its hypothesis, its objectives, and intended results.
• Executing: After performing the function to resolve the problem, in this step, he has to execute the project for the final assessment.
• Evaluating: In this step, the teacher examines the performance of the student and the project's utility, and evaluates the project on pre-set parameters.

Hence, we can conclude that option 1 is reflecting the correct sequence of the project method.

The teaching-learning process is aimed to bring permanent change in the behaviour of an individual (knowledge, skill, and attitude) that can be acquired consciously. It involves planning and execution of several activities and experiences to bring the desired outcomes. If the outcomes are not achieved as per expectations or much lower than that it is considered as the "failure" of the system.

Important Points 

Differentiated method: 

• It is a teaching method where the instructors tailor their lessons to meet individual needs.
• Differentiation consists of the efforts of the instructors to respond to variance among learners in the classroom.
• Teachers can differentiate elements based on –
  • Content – What the learners need to learn or how to the student will get access to the information.
  • Process – activities in which the learners engage in order to make sense of the content.
  • Products – Culminating assignments that help the learners to rehearse, extend and apply the learning that has taken place.
  • Learning environment – The way the classroom works and feels. 

Key Points

• When the teacher is dealing with a mixed classroom, it is always useful to not be strict with one method.
• The teacher should use differentiated methods of teaching.
• The teacher should use various methods to adjust to the learning style of the learners. 
• It helps the learner to understand the content in detail and be critical of their understanding.
• It helps the learners to be responsible for their own learning. 

Thus, when Suresh, a student of class VI, learns by doing and finds it difficult to follow when the teacher is only explaining, the teacher should use a differentiated method to teach. 

The play-way method is mostly “Activity-based” or “Hands-on Experience” learning. Children step out of their home and familiar surroundings to learn among different people, who include their peers and teachers.

• Play way method is first originated by 'H. Caldwell Cook' and later popularized by 'Friedrich Froebel' in the world.

Key PointsPrinciples of Play-way method

•  A practical approach helps in easy learning for the child.   The complete atmosphere of freedom is conducive to learning.
• The customized method designed and adopted should suit the needs of the child.
•  Learning methods used should be related to real-life rather than books.
• This method provides a plethora of opportunities for the child to express themselves.     

Important PointsAdvantages of play-way method -

•  It turns entire learning into a fun element by involving play in it, which helps in the physical development of the child.
•  It develops the feeling of satisfaction among children.
•  Every child is given equal exposure and ample opportunities for learning and participation.
•  Along with knowledge, it inculcates various cognitive skills in a child.
•  It helps children to connect with peers and teachers easily, increases emotional development.
•  It facilitates overall and holistic development.

Hence, play- way method develops  Cognitive, Emotional, and Physical development in children.

Heuristic methods of teaching involve placing students as far as possible in the altitude of the discoverer. These methods involve their finding out instead of being merely told about things.

• Heuristic methods of teaching involve placing students as far as possible in the altitude of the discoverer. These methods involve their finding out instead of being merely told about things.

• This method can also be named as the 'discovery method'.
• It is in contrast to the lecture method. Instead of merely the teacher telling everything the student finds out everything for himself. It demands complete self-experience of self-learning on the part of the student.
• Through this method, the student learns the reason for himself. The teacher is not even required to guide, help, or encourage the student.
• This method helps in the development of a scientific attitude in the learner.
• It develops self-confidence, originality, independence of judgment, and thinking power in the learner to make him an ever successful student. 
• While using this method, the teacher should present every lesson to learners in the form of an inquiry.
• Learners are asked to identify the problem and work as independent enquirers.
• They can discuss with their peers, teachers, and others before starting their investigations. The teacher may provide them with some written instructions like what should be followed and what should be avoided.
• Learners are asked to keep the record of each and every step and show it to teachers after finishing their investigation.
• Despite the fact that this method allows the learner to become an active participant in the learning process, it creates in the learner a spirit of inquiry. It makes the learner self-reliant, allows the learner to acquire a real understanding and clear notion of the subject.
• It has limitations for its use in primary classes because of classes being of large size. resources being poor and teacher competitive being not satisfactory. Also, the mental ability of a student may not develop to go with this approach.

Hence, we conclude that the heuristic teaching method is not useful at the primary level of education.

The teaching methodologies of modern Kindergarten, Montessori, and Dalton project methods are based on the principles of the 'Child-centred method'.

• The child-centred method emphasizes the child's active involvement in the construction of knowledge which can be placed under principle-based on activity method.
• In these learning methods, teachers facilitate students by providing them with the proper environment and materials to learn at their own pace.

Note: The methods which are based on synthetic and laboratory principles demand the active role of the teacher to execute and explain the process.

Hence, it becomes clear that methods of modern Kindergarten, Montessori, Dalton project methods are based on the principle of activity method.

The teaching method is a way to put theory into practice. It generally describes the pedagogy of children, general principles, and management strategies that are to be used through the whole teaching-learning process. It helps to ease the learning pace of students.

Key Points

Project method:

• The concept of the project method was introduced by William Kilpatrick in 1918 as a modern method of teaching. 
• It is a method that emphasizes the voluntary participation of students by working in a group to complete a specific project.
• It requires students to make plans, create a strategy, execute it properly and submit it back to their teacher within a specified period of time.
• It shows the collaboration of students from different backgrounds working together to achieve a specified goal in less time with well-managed resources.
• It encourages students to research, analysis, and discover the solution on their own which encourages active learning and application of practical knowledge.

Hence, it could be concluded that Project method is based on the principle of Learning by doing.

Hint

• The students learn by seeing through the teacher-centered and demonstration method where students don't learn actively, they sit passively, just watch, and observes. 

Discovery method: a largely unstructured, situational method or philosophy of teaching whereby students are permitted to find solutions to problems on their own or at their own pace, often jointly in group activities, either independent of or under the guidance of a teacher and this method can develop divergent thinking in students. The Discovery Method is originated by Armstrong. 

Activity method: A type of teaching in which students acquire knowledge and understanding by participating in a set of specially designed activities, rather than by passively listening to a teacher. Activity-based learning is an active teaching-learning methodology. It is more useful in primary classes and this method can develop divergent thinking in students. Teachers can make teaching more interesting by this method.

Important Points

• Teaching methods like the discovery method and activity method develop divergent thinking in students. 
• Divergent thinking is the process of coming up with multiple ideas which can possibly solve the problem.
• You try various options and evaluate which of them yields the results you desire. In this process, you let your mind run wild, draw unexpected connections and experiment with multiple creative solutions which may or may not solve the problem.
• In this method, we discover more ideas for one problem.
• For developing divergent thinking in students we can use some teaching methods like discovery method and activity method, a problem-solving method, project method, etc. 

Additional Information

• Intelligent thinking: “Intelligence is a property of the mind that encompasses many related mental abilities, such as the capacities to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend ideas, and language. “Intelligence is the capacity to acquire and apply knowledge”.
• Convergent thinking: Convergent Thinking seeks only one correct answer to a problem or a specific situation. It does not need creativity to be able to find solutions, instead, logic and reflection are necessary to find answers to the resolution of conflicts that a person has.

Hence we can conclude that the discovery method and activity method develop divergent thinking.

Teaching method: Different teaching methods are used by teachers as per the requirements of students. For choosing the one, the teacher may classify students based on their abilities (ability grouping) or he can choose it based on the compatibility of the topic. Below discussed a few of them:

• Chalk and Talk: This is the era of development of science and technology. But we are still reluctant to use the new technology in the field of education. The only method of teaching that is still most commonly used is “chalk and talk” method where students are taught from the books, given assignments and examination and are evaluated on that basis.

• Activity-based learning: It describes a range of approaches to teaching. The idea of activity-based learning is rooted in the common notion that children are active learners rather than passive recipients of information. If children are provided opportunities to explore by their own and provided an optimum learning environment then the learning becomes joyful and long-lasting.

• Cooperative learning (CL): It is about supporting children work in teams—small or big. One of the essential elements of cooperative learning is the development of social skills. They are able to see points of view other than their own. Such benefits contribute to the overall satisfaction of learning and schooling. Students work with classmates who have different learning skills, cultural background, attitudes, and personalities. 

• Distance Learning: It is a method or a set of techniques for teaching and learning. It is a mode of education that refers to a transactional strategy of different methods. The teaching and learning is through multimedia instructional packages, e-learning, blended learning, etc.

Hence, we conclude that Chalk and Talk is a traditional method.