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Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - NEET MCQ


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Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 1

Given figure represents biomagnification of DDT in an aquatic food chain. Select the incorrect statement regarding this.
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Detailed Solution for Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 1

River water will always have a very lowconcentration of DDT, but as we go to higher trophic levels concentration of DDT increases due to biomagnification. So carnivorous fish has high level of DDt and it is not suitable for consumption by human beings, because of presence of DDT.

Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 2

A higher biochemical oxygen demad in a particular segment of a river indicates that

Detailed Solution for Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 2

Biochemical oxygen demand or BOD is the oxygen required for microbial decomposition of a unit mass of organic remains. The degree of impurity of water due to organic matter is measured in terms of BOD. A higher BOD of a river indicates that water is highly polluted.

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Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 3

The term 'terror of Bengal' is used for

Detailed Solution for Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 3

Water hyacinth(Eichhornia crassipes) also called as " Terror of Bengal"  is the plant that sometime chokes ponds, lakes and river resulting in inbalance  of ecosystem dynamics of water bodies. It accelerates eutrophication

Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 4

The amount of biodegradable organic matter in sewage water can be estimated by measuring

Detailed Solution for Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 4

Biochemical oxygen demand is the measure of oxygen required by aerobic decomposers for biochemical degradation of the organic materials. BOD indicates the degree of organic pollution in water.

Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 5

High concentration of nutrients especially nitrates and phosphates in water can accelerate which of the following phenomenon?

Detailed Solution for Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 5

Eutrophication is the excessive growth of algae, plants and animals in water bodies due to the nutrient enrichment particularly with nitrogen and phosphorus. This excessive growth of planktonic algae that causes colouration of water is called algal bloom. So, the high concentration of nitrates and phosphates in water increases both the eutrophication and algal bloom.

Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 6

Which of the following statements is not correct regarding algal blooms?

Detailed Solution for Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 6

It is the growth of planktonic algae which impart a characteristic colouration to water during algal blooms.

Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 7

Which of the following statements is not correct regarding biomagnification?
(i) Mercury accumulated by an organism cannot be metabolised.
(ii) In the process of biomagnification, concentration of DDT is increased at successive trophic levels.
(iii) Accumulation of cadmium can cause thinning of egg shell in birds.
(iv) DDT accumulation is a major cause of reduced population of fish eating birds.
(v) Biomagnification occurs only in aquatic food chain.

Detailed Solution for Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 7

The higher amounts of pesticide like DDT, disturb calcium metabolism of birds resulting in thinning of egg shells and their premature breaking. This is a major cause of reduction of population of fish eating birds. Biomagnification is found in all types of food chains.

Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 8

Accelerated eutrophication occurs due to

Detailed Solution for Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 8

Cultural or accelerated eutrophication is nutrient enrichment of water bodies due to human activities like passage of sewage, industrial effluents and runoff from fertilised fields rich in nitrates and phosphates. Nutrients present in sewage, agriculture wastes and fertilisers cause dense growth of plants and planktonic algae.

Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 9

Contamination of water sewage is indicated by cysts of

Detailed Solution for Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 9

Contamination of water with sewage is indicated by cysts of Entamoeba histolytica. E. histolytica causes infection by ingestion of mature cysts from faecal contaminated water and causes amoebiasis in human.

Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 10

Escherichia coli is used as an indicator organism to determine pollution of water with

Detailed Solution for Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 10

Escherichia coli is a member of the coliform group and is used for the analysis of water contaminated with faecal matter.

Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 11

A lake with an inflow of domestic sewage rich in organic waste may result in

Detailed Solution for Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 11

The nutrients present in domestic sewage added in lake will cause the dense growth of plants and planktonic algae. The algae use oxygen and may deoxygenate the water which led death of fishes.

Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 12

Minamata disease was caused due to the consumption of

Detailed Solution for Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 12

Minamata (minimata) disease first reported in 1952 due to eating of fish captured from Hg-contaminated Minamata Bay of Japan. It is charcterised by diarrhoea, hemolysis, impairment of various senses, numbness of lips, hemolysis, impairment of various senses, numbness of lips, tongue, limbs, deafness, blurring of vision, mental dearrangement, meningitis and death.

Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 13

A lake near a village suffered heavy mortality of fishes within a few days. Which of the following statements could be the correct explanation for this?
(i) Lots of urea and phosphate fertillisers were used in the crops in the nearby fields.
(ii) The croplands of the village were fertillised fields rich in nitrate and phosphate.
(iii) The lake water turned green and stinky.
(iv) Phytoplankton populations in the lake declined initially thereby greatly reducing photosynthesis.

Detailed Solution for Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 13

The use of urea and phosphate fertilisers and pesticide spray to crop fields are passed down to lake during rains through surface runoff. The presence of extra nutrients brings about dense growth of plant and animal life. This phenomenon is called eutrophication. It will also lead to increase in the biomass of algae which causes algal bloom. This results in the drastic decrease in oxygen in the lake, which led to mass scale death of fishes.

Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 14

DDT residues are rapidly passed through food chain causing biomagnification because DDT is

Detailed Solution for Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 14

DDT is a chlorine containing pesticide used in agriculture. DDt is rapidly passed through food chain causing biomagnification because it is stable, accumulates in the soil and concentrates in the fatty tissue or internal organs of body (as DDT is fat soluble substance). So, DDT takes may years to break down and it enters into body of other organisms with predation. So the amount of DDT biomagnifies.

Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 15

Phosphate pollution is brought about by

Detailed Solution for Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 15

The sources of phosphate pollution are sewage treatment plants, phosphate fertilisers used in agricultural fields, etc.

Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 16

Fluoride pollution mainly affects

Detailed Solution for Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 16

Fluorides are given out during refining of materials. Fluorides cause flourosis. It is a disease which is defined by mottling of teeth, abnormal bones that "are liable to fracture because flourine replaces Ca2+ and" makes the bones brittle. Fluoride pollution is a serious problem in many districts of Rajasthan, where excess of fluoride in water adversely affects the health of man. Many villagers have aged prematurely or became hunch backs.

Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 17

Which among the following is likely to have the highest levels of DDT deposition in its body?

Detailed Solution for Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 17

Chlorinated hydrocarbons like DDT pass into the food chain and increase in amount per unit weight of organism with the rise in trophic level due to their accumulation in fat. Among the given animals, sea gull which is a fish eating bird and is present at higher trophic level, will have high levels of DDT depositon in its body.

Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 18

A dental disease characterized by mottling of teeth is due to presence of a certain chemical element in drinking water. Which is that element?

Detailed Solution for Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 18

Excess Flouride in drinking water cause teeth deformity.

Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 19

Given below are four statements each with two blanks. Select the option which correctly fills up the blank in any two statements.
(i) Bhopal gas disaster took place on____ 1984 and this day is now observed as the____ day in India to make the anniversary of the Bhopal gas disaster.
(ii) ____ is a biodegradable pollutant while_____ is a non-biodegradable pollutant.
(iii) When pollutants are released from a single point it is called____ pollution, but when it is over a large area, then it is called____ pollution.
(iv) ___ is the world's most problematic aquatic weed, introduced in India for its lovely flowers, also called a s ____ .

Detailed Solution for Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 19

(i) Bhopal gas disaster took place on the night of 2-3 December 1984 and this day is now observed as the Bhopal gas tragedy day in India to make the anniversary of the Bhopal gas disaster. This disaster took place due to the gas leak of methyl isocyanate at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal. It is estimated that close to 20,000 people died and thus it is considered one of the world’s worst industrial disasters.
(ii) Sewage is a biodegradable pollutant while DDT is a non-biodegradable pollutant and this is because sewage mostly comprises of organic compounds which can be easily broken down by decomposers but DDT is known as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and it is a pesticide which is non-biodegradable and thus enters the food chain and get biomagnified.
(iii)When pollutants are released from a single point it is called point-source pollution, but when it is over a large area, then it is called non-point source pollution as nonpoint sources come from many places and it is difficult to pinpoint any one particular source.
(iv) Eichhornia is the world’s most problematic aquatic weed, introduced in India for its lovely flowers, also called the ‘Terror of Bengal’ due to the devastation it produced in the ecosystems of Bengal as its natural predator was not present there. Such species are known as invasive species.
So, the correct option is ‘(ii) Sewage, DDT (iii) point source, nonpoint source’

Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 20

A disease caused by eating fish contaminated by industrial waste, containing mercury compounds, is called as

Detailed Solution for Test: Water Pollution (Old NCERT) - Question 20

Mercury is changed to water soluble dimethyl mercury which undergoes biomagnification. Eating poisoned animals causes deformity known as Minamata disease (first reported in 1952 due to eating of fish captured from Hg-contaminated Minimata Bay of Japan) which is characterised by diarrhoea, hemolysis, impairment of various senses, numbness of lips, tounge, limbs, deafness, blurring of vision, mental dearrangement, meningitis and death.

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