UGC NET Paper 1 Practice Test - 6 - UGC NET MCQ

Developmental research is a study focused on the progressive changes that occur as an organism develops.
Philosophical research is a qualitative type of research. Qualitative research is the collection of extensive narrative data on many variables over an extended period, in a naturalistic setting to gain insight not possible using other types of research.
Action research is either research initiated to solve an immediate problem or a reflective process of progressive problem solving led by individuals working with others in teams or as part of a community of practice to improve the way they address issues and solve problems.
Descriptive research is used to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon being studied.
All the three are classified in the category of Developmental research.

Memory level of teaching is committing to the factual information to memory.
There is a close relationship between teaching and learning. A teacher is said to be teaching when it is helping someone else to learn.
The quality of a teacher’s teaching is directly related to the quality of learning that is taking place in his students. A teacher interacts with his students under three types of relationships; viz., authoritative, democratic, and laissez-faire. These relationships create distinctive personality characteristics among the students.
The memory Level of teaching covers only the knowledge-based objective of Bloom's taxonomy where the students learn to identify, recall, or remember the objects, events, ideas, and concepts and retain them in memory.

Action research is either research initiated to solve an immediate problem or a reflective process of progressive problem solving led by individuals working with others in teams or as part of a "community of practice" to improve the way they address issues and solve problems.

Motivation is a good psychological factor for effective learning to take place.
Psychological factors are unique or specific to the individuals engaged in the process of learning. Thorough knowledge and understanding of these factors are very essential for the teachers and parents in providing and guiding learning among the children.
Motivation plays a pivotal role in learning and it is an academic reality. In fact, it serves to activate, guide, and maintain learning. In a sense, motivation is an index of the eagerness of an individual to learn.
Adequate motivation not only sets the activities in motion which results in learning but also sustains and directs these activities. It is, thus, an indispensable factor in promoting learning, as it energizes and accelerates the process and evokes a very positive response from the learner.

The aim of good evaluation of written material is to help teachers to plan, write, produce, and evaluate materials that will help students to learn. These materials range from single-page handouts which are used in lessons, through to complete manuals which health workers use to help them in their jobs. Hence, good evaluation of written material should be based on linguistic expression, logical presentation and ability to reproduce whatever is read.

Statement I: One of the basic principles of the progressive view of teaching is that education should be life itself rather than a preparation for living. 
As John Dewey said famously, “Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself”. This progressive view of education has a great influence in today’s time. 

• This viewpoint advocated that the young fellows should be given the freedom to learn according to their choices. 
• It is a ‘social need and function’ of society.
• Here social and individual aspects are mutually dependent on each other. 

Hence, Statement I is correct.
Statement II: According to the reconstructionist view of education the new social order must be 'genuinely democratic'.
Social reconstructionism is a relevant theory today. This theory talks about holistic education and developing critical thinking skills in the students.

• It focuses on experiential learning.
• It is a more radical form of progressivism.
• It believed in the new social order that must be 'genuinely democratic'.

Hence, Statement II is correct.
Therefore, both Statement I and Statement II are true.

A circular argument is a logical fallacy, in which the reasoner begins with what they are trying to end with. The components of a circular argument are often logically valid because if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.

The correct matching pair is A - IV, B - III, C - II, D - I.
According to the American sociologist Earl Robert Babbie, “Research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict, and control the observed phenomenon. Research involves inductive and deductive methods.”

The role of the school and teachers has always been vital in the all round personality development of the students. In fact, a teacher is a role model influencing every facet of the student's growth and developing their innate potentials, in addition to being a motivator, guide and friend. Teachers are responsible to enable and empower the learner to emerge as a competent youth, ready to take on the challenges of the rapidly changing world.

To discover new facts or to make fresh interpretation of known facts is the main objective of research.
Objectives of research:

• To get an answer to a question
• To get familiar with a new phenomenon
• Review and synthesize the existing knowledge
• To explore knowledge
• To find out the solution to a problem
• To investigate an existing problem
• To generate new method, plan, system, etc

Therefore, the main objective of the research is to discover new facts or to make fresh interpretations of known facts.

The change that the Gandhian movement brought among the Indian masses was psychological. It is mentioned in the lines, "Gandhi made people think of political and economic issues and every village and every bazaar hummed with argument and debate on the new ideas and hopes that filled the people. That was an amazing psychological change."

It is mentioned in the line, "Gandhi has played a revolutionary role in India of the greatest importance because he knew how to make the most of the objective conditions and could reach the heart of the masses."

From the line given in the passage: Giving a historical perspective to geopolitical issues, Jai-Shankar said “For years India’s position on the world state seemed assured but the 1962 conflict with China significantly damaged India’s standing.​ 

From the line given in the passage: Giving a historical perspective to geopolitical issues, Jai-Shankar said “For years India’s position on the world state seemed assured but the 1962 conflict with China significantly damaged India’s standing."

From the line given in the passage: On India walking away from the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, the external affair minister said no agreement was better than having a bad agreement.

The mass media is a diversified collection of media technologies that reach a large audience via mass communication. The technologies through which this communication takes place include a variety of outlets.
Limited-effects theory, originally tested in the 1940s and 1950s, considers that because people usually choose what media to interact with based on what they already believe, media exerts a negligible influence. Class-dominant theory argues that the media reflects and projects the view of a minority elite, which controls it. Culturalist theory, which was developed in the 1980s and 1990s, combines the other two theories and claims that people interact with media to create their own meanings out of the images and messages they receive. This theory states that audience members play an active, rather than passive role in relation to mass media.

From the given statement only statement 1, 2, and 3 is correct.
A 'Written Communication' means the sending of messages, orders, or instructions in writing through letters, circulars, manuals, reports, telegrams, office memos, bulletins, etc. It is a formal method of communication and is less flexible.
The following table is showing some of the forms of written communication.

Post-modern Media as an aesthetic is the mixing and sampling of different kinds and levels - of hip hop music, of material in television ads, films, etc. Hybrid forms are said to level hierarchies of taste. It is said that all distinctions between high culture and popular culture have gone, or become blurred. Post-modern texts 'raid the image bank' which is so richly available through video and computer technologies, recycle some old movies and shows on television, the Internet, etc. Music, film and TV provide excellent examples of these processes.

The correct matching pair is (A) - (IV), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (I).
Perceptual Barrier:

• Perceptual barriers obstruct our ability to assimilate information and prevent us from getting a true understanding of others.
• They encourage us, among other things, to act and behave in our own self-interest and to make rash assumptions.

Language Barrier:

• Language barriers are those features of language use that result in miscomprehension or complete loss in communication.
• Language barriers deal with aspects of language use that make it difficult to understand.

Interpersonal Barriers:

• Interpersonal barriers are any negative patterns of behavior that hinder you from communicating or discourage others from communicating with you.

Communication channel barrier:

• If the length of the communication is long, or the medium selected is inappropriate, the communication might break up.
• It can also be a result of the interpersonal conflicts between the sender and receiver, lack of interest to communicate, information sharing, or access problems, which can hamper the channel and affect the clarity, accuracy, and effectiveness via noise.

Didactic communication is the one which intermediates the accomplishment of the educational phenomenon as a whole, occurring only as a particular form required in the transmission of some specific learning content.
Didactic communication is inter-personal communication, mostly between a teacher and students.

Given:
Mark up percentage on the goods = 40%
Discount is given by the trader = 20%

Where S.P = Selling Price, M.P = Marked price, C.P = Cost Price, D% = Discount%  
Let the C.P be 100.
Now MP will be 140.
After giving 20% discount on MP,
SP will be 
So Profit% 

If CLOCK is coded as KCOLC, i.e., letters are written from right to left, then STEPS will be coded as SPETS.

Both statements I and statement II are false.
Formula Used:
Speed 
Statement I:
Length of train = 300 m
Length of platform = 300 m
Total distance = 300 m + 300 m = 600 m
Time = 30 seconds

∴ Speed=  20m/seconds
Statement II:
The average speed is the total distance traveled by the object in a particular time interval.
Conclusion:
In statement I speed of the train is 20m/seconds but it is given 10m/seconds. So, it is an incorrect statement.
In statement II Average speed is (Total distance)/(Total time) but it is given the mean of speeds. So, it is an incorrect statement. 
The correct option is 2 i.e. Both statements I and statement II are false.

Option (4) Is the best option because computers in a lab are similar to one another. Vehicles in the parking, utensils in the kitchen and books on the table are not same.

Given:
Product of 2 numbers = 1280
HCF = Square of the smallest composite number
Formula Used:
Composite Number: Composite numbers are those numbers that have more than two factors. 
Product of 2 number = HCF × LCM
HCF = Square of the smallest composite number
4 is the smallest composite number.
⇒ (4)² = 4 × 4 = 16
Product of 2 number = HCF × LCM
⇒ 1280 = 16 × LCM
⇒ LCM = 1280 ÷ 16
∴ LCM = 80

Anumana, (Sanskrit: measuring along some other thing or inference) in Indian philosophy, is the second of the pramanas, or the five means of knowledge. Inference occupies a central place in the Hindu school of logic (Nyaya). It is a means of arriving at truth not directly but through a previous knowledge of concomitance (vyapti) between the major term (sadhya) and the middle term (sadhana).

Naya Philosophy:

• It is one of the six systems of Indian philosophy
• Gautama is the main proponent of Naya philosophy
• It is a philosophy of atomistic pluralism and logical realism.
• The four Pramanas of Naya philosophy is perception, inference, analogical reasoning, and testimony.

There are five members of Naya syllogism. These are

• Pratigya or proposition: the logical statement which is to be proved
• Hetu or reason: the reason for the establishment of a proposition 
• Udaharana: universal concomitance together with an example
• ​Upanaya: the application of universal concomitance to the present case
• Nigmam: the conclusion is drawn from the preceding proposition

Prama is valid knowledge. Knowledge can be valid or invalid, valid knowledge is called prama and non-valid knowledge is known as aprama. Pramana is valid means of knowledge and its important four means include perception (pratyaksa), inference (anumana), verbal testimony (sabda), and comparison (upamana). 

0.082 + (7/10)² = 0.082 + 0.49 = 0.572
Option 3 is the answer.