Why Do We Fall Ill - MCQ Test (22-11-2017) - Class 9 MCQ

World Tuberculosis Day is observed on March 24 each year; it is designed to build public awareness about the global epidemic of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide and the status of TB prevention and care efforts. World AIDS Day, designated on 1 December every year since 1988, is dedicated to raising awareness of the AIDS pandemic caused by the spread of HIV. World Malaria Day (WMD) is an international observance commemorated every year on 25 April and recognizes global efforts to control malaria. TAB vaccine (typhoid-paratyphoid A and B vaccine) provides immunity for 3 years.

Robert Koch was the first pathologist who established that diseases are mainly caused by pathogen. Disease causing microbes are called pathogens.
Edward Jenner is credited with the discovery of vaccination. Robert Brown discovered the nucleus. Rudolf Virchow made contributions to the cell theory.

Kala-azar or black fever or Dumdum fever is dangerous disease caused by protozoa-Leishmania (genus of trypanosomes). Kala-azar is the most severe form of leishmaniasis. Plasmodium causes malaria.

Cholera, tuberculosis and anthrax are bacterial diseases. Cholera is caused by bacterium vibrio cholerae. A type of bacteria called mycobacterium tuberculosis causes Tuberculosis. Anthrax is an infection caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It can occur in four forms: skin, inhalation, intestinal, and injection. Influenza is a viral disease that shows very high fever, vomiting and body ache. 

Proteins give less energy than given by fats and carbohydrates. Germinated pulses contain more vitamins. A vegetarian diet is better than a non-vegetarian diet. We should always prefer a balanced diet in place of fast food.

Infectious diseases spread from an infected person to a healthy person by air directly or as droplets, by intimate contact during sexual intercourse, and through vectors and carriers. Vaccination of diseases is not a cause for the spread of infectious disease.

Diarrhoea is caused by bacteria E.coli, protozoa Entamoeba histolytica and virus Rotavirus. So, diarrhoea is caused by bacteria, virus as well as protozoa.

Good health is the condition of complete physical fitness, free from disease, perfect mental health and perfect social well-being. Health is a state of being well enough to function well physically, mentally and socially. It depends on the surroundings or the environment. Living in a clean environment under good economic conditions, and social equality and harmony are important for individual health.

Iodine test is used to detect carbohydrates in food items. Food item containing carbohydrates like potato give a blue colour in the presence of iodine.

The disease that cannot be transmitted from an infected individual to a healthy individual is called a non-communicable disease. Allergy is non-communicable.
Communicable diseases can be communicated i.e. they move from an infected person to someone else. Malaria, diarrhoea and tuberculosis (TB) are communicable diseases.

BCG stands for Bacillus Calmette Guerin. This vaccine prevents persons from tuberculosis (TB). The BCG vaccine was first used medically in 1921. It was developed in 1908 by Albert Calmette, a French physician and bacteriologist, and his assistant and later colleague, Camille Guérin, a veterinarian, who worked at the Institut Pasteur de Lille (Lille, France).

Vitamins have diverse biochemical functions. Some, such as vitamin D, have hormone-like functions as regulators of mineral metabolism. Mineral deposition in bones and teeth is due to vitamin D. Vitamin D helps in absorption of minerals present in milk and other food items.

Citrus fruits contains Vitamin C (also known as Ascorbic acid) is large quantity. Due to the presence of Vitamin C and citric acid, citrus foods are sour in taste.

Diseases are classified as acute or chronic, depending on their duration. The disease that begins abruptly and last only for a short duration is known as an acute disease. Common cold is the most common acute disease. Chronic and congenital diseases last for long duration.

Hepatitis B vaccine is given for protection against Hepatitis disease. DPT is a vaccine given for Diptheria, Pertussis and Tetanus, and influenza type B. BCG stands for Bacillus Calmette Guerin. BCG vaccine is given for protection against tuberculosis. Polio and tuberculosis are two different diseases. Therefore, Polio – Tuberculosis is the incorrect pair.

The enzyme present in tears is Lysozyme enzyme. It is an antimicrobial enzyme that prevents eye infection by creating a physiological barrier. Bacterial cell walls contain a layer of peptidoglycan, which is the specific site that Lysozyme targets.

Diseases are classified as acute or chronic, depending on their duration. Acute diseases such as common cold last only for a short duration. Chronic diseases last for a longer duration. Chronic diseases like jaundice cause long term effects on our health and harm the vital organs. Lice, acne etc. do not have long term effects on our health but jaundice causes long term effects on our health.

Rabies is mostly transmitted to human beings through the saliva of infected animals like rabid dogs and cats. Rabies is a viral disease caused by rabies virus that causes inflammation of the brain in humans and other mammals. The virus enters the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and then travels along the nerves towards the central nervous system (CNS).
Infected bats, monkeys, raccoons, foxes, skunks, cattle, wolves, dogs or cats provide the greatest risk to humans. Small rodents such as squirrels, hamsters, guinea pigs, gerbils, chipmunks, rats, and mice and lagomorphs like rabbits and hares are almost never found to be infected with rabies and are not known to transmit rabies to humans.

Vaccine for small pox was discovered by Edward Jenner. Small pox is a viral disease. Vaccine of small pox includes suspension of dead or killed virus that develops antibodies within the body. Robert Koch was the first pathologist who established that diseases are mainly caused by pathogens. Disease causing microbes are called pathogens. Robert Brown discovered the nucleus. Rudolf Virchow made contributions to the cell theory.

The chemical name of vitamin K is Phylloquinone that helps in blood clotting during injury. Vitamin K (Phylloquinone) is a fat-soluble vitamin which can be obtained from dairy and plant sources. Phylloquinone is often called vitamin K1.

Both Asthma and Diabetes are chronic diseases as they last for long duration and adversely affect the health of an individual. Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders in which a person has high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Asthma is a common long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs.Acute diseases such as common cold last only for a short duration.

The patient suffering from rabies in later stage develops a condition called hydrophobia in which patient fears from water. Hydrophobia (fear of water) is the historic name for rabies. It refers to a set of symptoms in the later stages of an infection in which the person has difficulty swallowing, shows panic when presented with liquids to drink, and cannot quench his or her thirst. Any mammal infected with the virus may demonstrate hydrophobia.

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, etc are the macromolecules found in cells. These macromolecules perform different functions. Proteins are the most diverse macromolecules, both physically as well as chemically. Proteins form different kinds of products within the body.

Vitamin K helps in blood coagulation. During an injury, loss of blood can be prevented through the clotting of blood. The German-speaking scientists who isolated and described vitamin K (in addition to naming it as such) did so because the vitamin is intimately involved in the coagulation of blood following wounding (from the German word - Koagulation).

Dietary requirement of protein increases during lactation. Protein is called as body building food. Protein is required in higher quantity during lactation period after the parturition (the action of giving birth to young). Milk contains all the nutrients required for the growth of a baby.

Diarrhoea is caused by bacterium salmonella along with Escherichia coli. Abnormally frequent discharge of semi-solid or fluid faeces occurs during Diarrhoea. Wuchereria bancrofti is a human parasitic roundworm that is the major cause of lymphatic filariasis (skin swelling).

Iron is present in Myoglobin muscles fibers. Myoglobin (symbol Mb or MB) is an iron- and oxygen-binding protein found in the muscle tissue of vertebrates in general and in almost all mammals. Myoglobin muscles help in contraction and relaxation of muscles for movement.

Niacin is also known as nicotinic acid. It is an organic compound with the formula C₆H₅NO₂. Niacin (Vitamin B₃) helps in the formation of NAD (Nicotine Amide Diphosphate). NAD are the energy storing molecules present in the cell. 

Carbohydrate is present in rice and potato in large quantity. Carrots are rich in beta-carotene, which is converted into vitamin A in the liver. Groundnut contains larger quantity of fat. It is the major oilseed of India. 

A number of diseases are caused by bacteria that include Diarrhoea, Typhoid, Tuberculosis etc. Typhoid is a bacterial infection caused by salmonellla typhi. A type of bacteria called mycobacterium tuberculosis causes Tuberculosis.