Test: Families of Angiosperms (Old NCERT) - NEET MCQ

Cruciferous vegetables are unique as they are rich sources of glucosinolates, sulfur-containing compounds that impart a pungent aroma and spicy (some say bitter) taste. The hydrolysis of glucosinolates by a class of plant enzymes called myrosinase results in the formation of biologically active compounds, such as indoles and isothiocyanates. Myrosinase is physically separated from glucosinolates in intact plant cells. However, when cruciferous vegetables are chopped or chewed, myrosinase comes in contact with glucosinolates and catalyzes their hydrolysis. 

Cruciferae flowers - The structure of the flowers is extremely uniform throughout the family. They have four free saccate sepals and four clawed free petals, staggered. They can be dissymmetric or slightly zygomorphic, with a typical cross-like arrangement (hence the name Cruciferae). 
They have six stamens, four of which are longer and are arranged in a cross-like the petals and the other two are shorter (tetradynamous flower). The pistil is made up of two fused carpels and the style is very short, with two lobes. Superior ovary. The flowers form ebracteate racemose inflorescences, often apically corymb-like. Flowers that do not have bracts at the base of pedicel (stalk of flower) are called as ebracteate flowers. Flowers of Solanaceae, Malvaceae and Liliaceae are bracteate flowers.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Placentation of cruciferae plant is parietal. The placentas are in the ovary wall within a non-sectioned ovary. It has a compound carpel.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Mustard oil is a vegetable oil and is obtained from seeds of the mustard plant. The oil is extracted from clean and sound mustard seeds, which belong to species namely campestris, juncea or napus varieties of brassica.

Flowers of family crucifera are tetradynamous at the same time they have actinomorphic so considering overall characteristics the arrangement has to be in the way as keeping two petals transveraly.

Cheiranthus cheiri is used in Bronchitis and fever.

Cheiranthus cheiri are tonic , diuretic , aphrodisiac and expectorant and are useful in dry bronchitis. They are a good remedy for fever and eye injuries .Cheiranthus cheiri flowers are used in paralysis and impotence.  

Brassicaceae or Cruciferae is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family.

Kohlrabi, also known as knol-khol or German Turnip, is a stout, round, tuberous vegetable in the Brassica family, the family that also includes cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, collard greens and brussels sprouts. This stem vegetable is native to Europe. Knol knol is a perennial, cool season vegetable. It is grown all over the temperate climates for its succulent round shaped modified stem as well for its turnip-flavored top greens. The plant requires well-drained fertile soil and average sun light to flourish. Its edible stem attains maturity and ready for harvest in 55-60 days after sowing. Approximate weight is 150 g. Being a modified stem-vegetable, kohlrabi is less prone for cracking and has a good standing ability for up to 30 days even after maturity. So, edible part of knol khol is stem and not roots, leaves and inflorescence. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Brassica nigra, the black mustard, is an annual plant cultivated for its black or dark brown seeds, which are commonly used as a spice. It is native to tropical regions of North Africa, temperate regions of Europe, and parts of Asia.

The genus Urena is in the family of Malvaceae. It is the major group Angiosperms (flowering plants). Roots and bark of Urena repanda are used to cure hydrophobia, a dreaded disease caused by bite of mad dog. Well-known members of this family include okra, cotton, and cacao.

The flowers of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China rose) are edible and are used in salads in the Pacific Islands. The flower is additionally used in hair care as a preparation. It is also used to shine shoes in certain parts of India. It can also be used as a pH indicator. When used, the flower turns acidic solutions to a dark pink or magenta color and basic solutions to green. 

In Indonesia, these flowers are called as kembang sepatu, which literally means shoe flower.
Red shoe polish is not obtained from China jute, Indian rose and Gul-e-khaira. Therefore, the correct answer is option B. 

The ovary is superior, with axial placentation, with capitate or lobed stigma. The flowers have nectaries made of many tightly packed glandular hairs, usually positioned on the sepals.

The petals in family Malvaceae show twisted aestivation. In twisted aestivation, the petals or the sepals overlap the margin of the next petal or sepal respectively, such that every petal has one margin inside and one margin outside. For example, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis.

The anther which contains only one lobe is called as monothecous anther. Monothecous anthers are bisporangiate (contain two pollen sacs). The characteristic feature of Malvaceae family is monothecous anthers.

In determinate (cymose) inflorescences, the youngest flowers are at the bottom of an elongated axis or on the outside of a truncated axis. At the time of flowering, the apical meristem (the terminal point of cell division) produces a flower bud, thus arresting the growth of the peduncle.

Spinous means having spines/ thorns, xerophytic means adaptation of plants in less of dry conditioned area. Therefore, Solanum xanthocarpum shows both the characters of this Solanaceae family.

Coffea is a genus of flowering plants whose seeds, called as coffee beans, are used to make coffee. It is a member of the Rubiaceae family. They are shrubs or small trees native to tropical and southern Africa and tropical Asia. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Atropa Belladonna is a poisonous plant also called deadly nightshade. Its roots, leaves and fruits contain alkaloids: atropine, hyocyamine and scopolamine. The risk of poisoning in children is important because of possible confusion with other berries.

Henbane is a drug obtained from the Hyoscyamus niger, a weed that has sticky serrated leaves and dullish yellow, funnel-shaped flowers. The fruits contain tiny black seeds. The plant and seeds contain hyoscine, hyoscyamine, atropine, and scopolamine (tropane alkaloids). Henbane is cultivated as a source of alkaloids for the pharmaceutical industry. Drugs based on henbane alkaloids are applied in modern medicine as painkillers and antispasmodics. The plants name means "killer of hens" in old English.

Rat- ki- rani belongs to family solanaceae because it fulfills the characteristics of this family like the plant is herb or shrub, they have alternate leaves, flowers are solitary or in cymes (inflorescence), axillary or terminal (bud position), flowers are pentamerous (5 petals), actinomorphic (radial symmetry), hypogynous (floral parts situated below carpel), hermaphrodite (male and female both in same flower), calyx is persistent, gamosepalous, corolla gamopetalous (fused petals forming tube or funnel), campanulate (bell- shaped flower), stamens are epipetalous (androecium anther is attached with the petals of the flower), gynoecium is bicarpellary (having 2 carpels), syncarpous, ovary is obliquely placed, axile placentation; swollen placentae,  ovules many in each locules and fruit is either capsule or berry.

Inulin consists of soluble dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber, which is undigested carbohydrate produced by inulin extraction from local red dahlia tuber . Extraction of inulin was carried out through gelatinization by heating at a temperature of 90 degreeC for 30 minutes at pH 5 and 10, respectively, then precipitated with ethanol to obtain inulin and continued with characterization by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Based on FT-IR spectral analysis, the results showed characteristic absorption bands of inulin structure, OH stretch (3350 cm-1) and carbonyl (1645 cm-1).

Poor man's protein comes from the family Papilionaceae of the flowering plants. Also known as Fabaceae or Leguminosae, these are commonly referred to as the legume or the pea family and are economically very important. This family with its extraordinary diversity of legumes there is a wide variety of edible vegetables provide to make up the protein content in the daily food basket. 

Sleeping movements commonly occur in plants of family Leguminosae. The periodic closing and opening of plant organs, predominantly petals, during the day and night. Sleep movements are among the nyctinastic movements produced by the alteration of day and night. They are caused by change in illumination (photonasty) and change of temperature (thermonasty) such changes cause the flowers and inflorescences of many plants to open and close at certain hours.

Geocarpy is "an extremely rare means of plant reproduction".  In it, plants produce diaspores within the soil. Geocarpy is most frequent in tropical or semi-desert areas. The best-known example is the peanut, Arachis hypogaea.

The indigo/blue dye comes from a leguminous plant of the Indigofera genus. Only two species are used commercially as a dye, Indigofera tinctoria and Indigofera suffructiosa. Indigofera tinctoria, also called true indigo, is a species of plant from the bean family that was one of the original sources of indigo dye. Dye is obtained from the processing of the plant's leaves. They are soaked in water and fermented in order to convert the glycoside indican naturally present in the plant to the blue dye indigotin. 
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

The flowers of family papilionaceae have a bilateral symmetry with the corolla consists of five petals. A single, large, upper petal is known as the banner. The semi- cylindrical base of the banner embraces and compresses two equal and smaller lateral wings. The wings in turn enclose a pair of small keel petals, that are situated somewhat lower than the wings, but are inferior to them. They have concave sides and correspond with the shape of the wings. The two kneel petals are fused at their bases or stuck together to form a boat- shaped structure that encloses the essential flower organs, namely the androecium and gynoecium. Typically these flowers have a vexillary aestivation which shows 3 element parts 1, 2, 2 respectively.

The flowers that can be divided into two equal halves by one or more plane but not all vertical planes cut them into equal halves are termed as zygomorphic flowers. They have sepal or petal or perianth of different sizes and shapes. Subfamily Papilionaceae is characterized by flowers having butterfly-shaped corollas with single large posterior petal termed as vexillus, two lateral petals and one anterior keel which are arranged in vexillary aestivation. Thus, they can be cut into two equal halves by single plane and are universal zygomorphic. Solanaceae, Mimosoideae, and Malvaceae families have actinomorphic flowers that can be divided into two equal halves by any vertical plane as they have sepal,petal and perianth of same size and shape.

Neem tree is mainly cultivated in the Indian subcontinent. Neem is a member of the mahogany family, Meliaceae. It is known by the botanical name Azadirachta indica (A. Saraca indica) A. Juss.