31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Plant Kingdom - 3 - NEET MCQ

The male gametes of bryophytes are biflagellate, and those of pteriodophytes are multiflagellate, except Selaginella having biflagellate gametes. The male gametes of gymnosperms are non motile except those of Cycas having multiciliate gametes. 

It will be types of pigment present in the cell like Rhodophyceae shows presence of phycoerythrin, chlorophyceae shows  presence of phycocyanin in etc.

In the prothallus of a vascular cryptogams the antherozoids and eggs mature at different times which result in failurity of self-fertilization.

Conifers (Gymnosperms) differ from grasses (angiosperms) because in gymnosperms the female gametophyte is actually endosperm which is made before fertilization. While in grasses endosperm is a tissue formed by the fertilization of second male gamete to polar nuclei. Moreover in gymnosperms the endosperm is a haploid tissue while in angiosperms it is triploid.

Peat Moss is used wherever we require to retain water for a long because Peat Mosses are hygroscopic in nature and they absorb the moisture from the atmosphere and this moisture keep the living materials and flowers fresh for a long time.

In moss main plant body is gametophyte & sporophyte is  meant for spore dispersal mainly. Hence it is called that the sporophyte is partially parasitic on gametophyte.

Peritrichous flagellation : Flagella all around e.g. Escherichia coli.
Living fossil : Organisms which have undergone very little change since they first evolved e.g. Ginkgo.
Rhizophore : Rhizophores are present in Selaginella which is a colourless, leafless, positively geotropic, elongated structure.
Smallest flowering plant : Wolffia.
Largest perennial alga : Macrocystis.

Ginkgo biloba is called the living fossil. But Cycas revoluta a native of China and Japan common known as “Tesso” or Sago palm” is also called living fossil due to its primitive characters.

In mosses vegetative propagation  occurs by fragmentation. Marchantia is a liverwort in which propagation also occurs by fragmentation. Walking fern Adiantum propagates through leaf tip.

Spermatophytes are the seed plants. They are the plants bearing seeds containing a dormant embryo. It includes gymnosperms and angiosperms. Ginkgo belongs to group gymnosperms and pisum belongs to group angiosperms.

Pteridophytes (fern) and bryophytes (Funaria) are seedless plants. Gymnosperms (pines) and angiosperms (Ficus) are seed bearing plants.

 Sexual reproduction in Spirogyra occurs by conjugation involving union of two gametes. The fusing gametes are similar but one is more active and passes into the other cell. This differentiation of gametes is called physiological anisogamy.

Vesselless angiosperms are Wintera, Trochodendron etc. Secondary growth is absent in some angiosperms. Angiospermic plants are autotrophic in nutrition. But some angiosperms are heterotrophic in nutrition. The 4 special modes of nutrition and their examples are: (i) Saprophytic : e.g. Neottia, Monotropa. (ii) Symbiotic – e.g. Mycorrhiza-between fungus and roots of higher plants. (iii) Parasitic – Cuscuta. (iv) Insectivorous plant – Nepenthes.
Double fertilization is characteristic of all angiosperms.

 Maize, Mint and Peepal are flowering plants or angiosperms but Pinus is a gymnosperm in which seeds are produced but flowers are not produced or seeds are not enclosed in flowers.

In Cycas (gymnosperm) the seed does not occur inside a fruit but lies naked  or exposed on the surface of megasporophyll.

In green algae, the photosynthetic pigments are chlorophyll a & b,     carotenes and xanthophylls. In phaeophyceae, the pigments are chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c and carotenes and xanthophylls. Phycoerythrin gives red colour to Rhodophyceae.

Reserve  food in red algae   (Rhodophyceae) is Floridean starch. In green algae (Chlorophyceae), reserve food is starch. In brown algae, reserve food is laminarin and manitol. In cyanophyceae reserve food is cyanophycean starch.

Wild varieties have the genes for the resistance to disease and pests.

Gametic meiosis is found in all animals.  In sporic meiosis the sporophyte produces sporangia where meiosis occurs producing haploid spores.

Egg of  Cycas (Gymnosperms) and its nucleus are the  largest in the plant kingdom. The sperms of Cycas are also the largest in the plant kingdom.

Fusion of two motile gametes which are dissimilar in size is termed as anisogamy.

Ulothrix is a green alga. Spirogyra is a filamentous green alga. In Rhizopus the columella bears the spores for asexual reproduction

Bryophytes are non vascular embryophytes characterized by the presence of an independent gametophyte and a parasitic sporophyte. Plant body is either thalloid or foliose. Archegonium is the flask shaped female sex organ. They bear chloroplast.

Pteridophytes are primitive seedless vascular plants. Bryophytes are non vascular embryophytes. Gymnosperms are seed plants in which conducting part of xylem consist of tracheids. Algae are non-vascular photosynthetic aquatics forming accessory spores for asexual reproduction.

 In bryophytes, the dominant and independent living phase of the life cycle is gametophyte. Sporophyte is always attached and dependent upon the gametophytic plant body for water supply, fixation, and part or  whole nutrient requirement.