Test: Public Facilities - 1 - CTET & State TET MCQ

Agra is a city on the banks of the Yamuna river in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

Dr. Ramgopal M is a leading Radiology in Anna Nagar East, Chennai.

The essential element for life and good health is water. Let's break down the explanation into bullet points:
Importance of water for life and good health:
- Water is crucial for the survival of all living organisms, including humans.
- It makes up a significant portion of our body weight and is essential for various bodily functions.
- Water helps in maintaining body temperature, digestion, nutrient absorption, and circulation.
- It acts as a lubricant for joints and protects sensitive tissues.
- Water is involved in the elimination of waste through urine and sweat.
- It helps transport nutrients and oxygen to the cells and removes waste products.
- Adequate water intake promotes healthy skin, hair, and overall well-being.
- Water is necessary for proper brain function and helps prevent dehydration, which can lead to cognitive impairments.
- It plays a vital role in maintaining a healthy weight by aiding in digestion and reducing calorie intake.
- Water is essential for the proper functioning of the digestive system and preventing constipation.
In conclusion, water is a fundamental element for life and good health. Its consumption is necessary to maintain proper bodily functions and overall well-being.

From 2011 to 2016, confirmed cholera cases were identified in at least one year of the 5- or 6-year period in the countries included. Surveillance for cholera exists in most countries, but cases are not always reported. India reported the most number of confirmed cases with a mean of 5964 cases annually.

The Constitution of India recognises the right to water as being a part of the Right to Life.
The Right to Water is not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution of India, but it is considered to be an integral part of the Right to Life, which is guaranteed under Article 21 of the Constitution. Here is a detailed explanation of this recognition:
1. Right to Life:
- The Right to Life is a fundamental right enshrined in Article 21 of the Constitution of India.
- This right is interpreted broadly by the judiciary to include the right to a dignified life, which encompasses access to basic necessities such as water, food, and shelter.
2. Right to Water:
- Access to clean and safe drinking water is essential for the survival and well-being of individuals.
- The Constitution recognizes the importance of water as a basic necessity for life.
- The right to water is considered to be derived from the Right to Life and is an implicit part of it.
3. Judicial Interpretation:
- The Supreme Court of India has consistently held that the Right to Life includes the right to access clean and safe drinking water.
- The Court has emphasized that the government has a duty to ensure that every individual has access to adequate and potable water.
4. Government Initiatives:
- In recognition of the importance of the Right to Water, the Indian government has implemented various initiatives to improve access to water.
- The National Rural Drinking Water Program and the Jal Jeevan Mission are some of the key initiatives aimed at providing safe drinking water to rural areas.
- The government also promotes rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge to ensure sustainable water availability.
Conclusion:
- The Constitution of India recognizes the Right to Water as being a part of the Right to Life.
- Access to clean and safe drinking water is considered essential for a dignified and healthy life.
- The government and the judiciary play a crucial role in ensuring that this right is protected and implemented effectively.

The right to safe drinking water is a fundamental right. Here's a detailed explanation:

• Introduction: The right to safe drinking water is a basic human right recognized by the United Nations. It is essential for maintaining good health and well-being.


• Definition of safe drinking water: Safe drinking water refers to water that is free from harmful substances, contaminants, and pathogens. It should meet the standards and guidelines set by regulatory bodies.


• Importance of safe drinking water: Access to safe drinking water is crucial for various reasons:




• Prevents waterborne diseases: Safe drinking water helps prevent the spread of waterborne diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, and typhoid.


• Promotes overall health: Consuming clean and safe water is essential for maintaining good health and well-being.


• Ensures proper hydration: Safe drinking water ensures proper hydration, which is necessary for the proper functioning of the body.


• Supports economic development: Access to safe drinking water is necessary for economic development as it leads to improved productivity and reduced healthcare costs.




• Fundamental right: The right to safe drinking water is considered a fundamental right because:




• It is essential for the survival and well-being of individuals.


• It is recognized by international human rights treaties and conventions.


• It is a prerequisite for the enjoyment of other human rights, such as the right to life, health, and dignity.




• Conclusion: Access to safe drinking water is not just a basic necessity but a fundamental right. Governments and societies have a responsibility to ensure that every individual has access to clean and safe drinking water.

Answer: B. Safe drinking water.

Public facilities
- Essential facilities like electricity, public transport, schools, and colleges that are necessary and need to be provided for everyone are called public facilities.
- These facilities are owned and operated by the government or public authorities.
- Public facilities are funded by tax revenue and are intended to serve the general public.
- They are essential for the overall development and well-being of society.
- Some examples of public facilities include:
- Electricity supply: The government provides electricity to households and businesses through a public utility company.
- Public transport: The government operates buses, trains, and trams to provide transportation services to the public.
- Schools and colleges: The government establishes and maintains educational institutions to ensure access to quality education for all.
- Public facilities are designed to be accessible and affordable for everyone, regardless of their socio-economic status.
- They play a crucial role in promoting equal opportunities and social welfare.
- Public facilities are regulated and monitored by the government to ensure their proper functioning and maintenance.
- The provision of public facilities is a responsibility of the government to ensure the well-being and development of its citizens.

Characteristics of a Public Facility:

• Shared Benefits: The important characteristic of a public facility is that once it is provided, its benefits can be shared by many people.

Explanation:

A public facility refers to infrastructure or services that are provided by the government or a public entity for the benefit of the general public. These facilities are available for use by anyone in the community and are not restricted to specific individuals or groups. The key characteristic of a public facility is that it offers shared benefits, meaning that multiple people can benefit from its existence. This is essential for promoting equal access and ensuring that everyone in the community has the opportunity to utilize and enjoy the facility. Examples of public facilities include parks, libraries, public transportation systems, schools, and hospitals. By providing these facilities, the government aims to enhance the well-being and quality of life for all individuals in the community.

Public Facilities and the Responsibility of Providing Them
Public facilities are essential for the well-being and development of a society. These are facilities that are provided by a governing body or authority to serve the needs of the public. The responsibility of providing these facilities lies with the government, and here's why:
1. Government Accountability:
- The government is elected by the people and is accountable to them. It is their responsibility to meet the basic needs and requirements of the citizens, which includes providing public facilities.
- Public facilities such as roads, schools, hospitals, parks, and public transport are crucial for the overall development and welfare of the society.
2. Authority and Resources:
- The government has the authority and power to plan, develop, and maintain public facilities.
- It has access to resources, both financial and human, which are necessary for the construction, maintenance, and improvement of public infrastructure.
3. Public Interest and Equity:
- Public facilities are meant to benefit all citizens, regardless of their socio-economic background or location.
- The government is in a position to ensure that these facilities are provided equitably, without any discrimination or bias.
4. Long-term Planning and Management:
- The government can undertake long-term planning for the development and management of public facilities.
- It can allocate funds, prioritize projects, and implement policies to ensure the effective utilization and maintenance of these facilities.
5. Legal Framework and Regulation:
- The government is responsible for creating the legal framework and regulations that govern the provision and maintenance of public facilities.
- It can enforce standards, monitor compliance, and take corrective measures if necessary.
In conclusion, the responsibility of providing public facilities lies with the government due to its accountability, authority, resources, commitment to public interest and equity, ability to plan and manage, and its role in creating a legal framework for the provision and maintenance of these facilities.

The right to education recognizes a right to free, compulsory primary education for all, an obligation to develop secondary education accessible to all, on particular by the progressive introduction of free secondary education, as well as an obligation to develop equitable access to higher education, ideally by the progressive introduction of free higher education.