Test: Pancreas - NEET MCQ

To match the source gland with its respective hormone and function:

- Source Gland: Pineal Gland
- Hormone: Melatonin
- Function: Regulates sleep-wake cycle, influences seasonal biological rhythms

The correct answer is D: Pineal Gland - Melatonin - Regulates sleep-wake cycle. The pineal gland, located in the brain, secretes melatonin, a hormone crucial for controlling the body's internal clock and promoting sleep. Melatonin levels rise in response to darkness, signaling the body that it's time to sleep, and decrease with exposure to light, helping maintain the sleep-wake cycle.

The endocrine component of pancreas consist of islet of Langerhans that create and release important hormones directly into bloodstream. Two of the main pancreatic hormones are insulin , which acts to lower blood sugar and glucagon which acts to raise blood sugar level.

- A: Parathyroid - Tetany: Parathyroid hormones regulate calcium levels.
- B: Insulin - Raise blood glucose: Incorrect. Insulin lowers blood glucose levels.
- C: Grave's disease - Exophthalmos: Characterized by bulging eyes.
- D: Cretinism - Mentally retarded: Associated with stunted physical and mental growth.

The incorrect pairing is B: Insulin - Raise blood glucose. Insulin actually decreases blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake by cells.

Grave's disease is a diorder of thyroid gland, It is characterized by swelling of the hands, face, feet and protrusion of eyes called as exopthalamus.

Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreas and maintains the blood glucose level and not raises it.

Hypoparathyroidism has decreased the function of the parathyroid glands with underproduction of parathyroid hormone. This can lead to low levels of calcium in the blood, often causing cramping and twitching of muscles or tetany (involuntary muscle contraction).

Cretinism is a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth due to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormone (hypothyroidism). Hence, option B is the correct answer.

• Catecholamines also stimulate the breakdown of glycogen resulting in an increased concentration of glucose in blood.
• Glucocorticoids stimulate gluconeogenesis, lipolysis and proteolysis; and inhibit cellular uptake and utilisation of amino acids.
• Glucagon acts mainly on the liver cells (hepatocytes) and stimulates glycogenolysis resulting in an increased blood sugar (hyperglycemia).

To identify the correct pair of parts and the hormones they secrete:

- A: Thyroid does not secrete Epinephrine, it secretes Thyroid hormones like T3 and T4.
- B: Stomach Epithelium secretes Gastrin, not Secretin.
- C: The Alpha cells of the pancreas secrete Glucagon, which helps raise blood sugar levels.
- D: The Pineal gland secretes Melatonin, not Growth Hormone.

Therefore, the correct match is:
- C: Alpha cell of pancreas - Glucagon.