Spectrum Test: Expansion & Consolidation of British Power in India- 1 - UPSC MCQ

•  For the exercise of Diwani functions, the company appointed Deputy Diwans, 

• After the battle of Buxar, the East India Company became the real masters of Bengal. 

• Robert Clive introduced the dual system of government, 

• The rule of the two the Company and the Nawab in Bengal in which both the Diwani, 

• Collecting revenues, and nizamat, 

• Police and judicial functions. came under the control of the Company. 

• The Company exercised Diwani rights as the diwan and the nizamat rights through its right to nominate the deputy subahdar. The Company acquired the Diwani functions from the emperor and nizamat functions from the subahdar of Bengal. The system held a great advantage for the Company.

Haidar Ali became de facto ruler of Mysore in 1761. Hence, statement 2nd is incorrect. 

Haidar Ali fulfilled that need and usurped the royal authority by becoming the de facto ruler of Mysore in 1761. Hence, statement 1st Correct. 

Treaty of Bassein (1802) Under the treaty, the Peshwa agreed: 

1. To receive from the Company a native infantry (consisting of not less than 6,000 troops), with the usual proportion of field artillery and European artillerymen attached, to be permanently stationed in his territories.

2. To cede to the Company territories yielding an income of Rs 26 lakh.

3. To surrender the city of Surat.

4. To give up all claims for Chauth on the Nizam's dominions.

5. To accept the Company's arbitration in all differences between him and the Nizam or the Gaekwad.

6. Not to keep in his employment Europeans of any nation at war with the English.

7. To subject his relations with other states to the control of the English

1. Inept leadership

2. Defective nature of the state

3. Loose political set-up

4. Inferior military system

5. Unstable economic policy

6. Superior English diplomacy and espionage’

7. Progressive English outlook

• The First Anglo Mysore War concluded with the Treaty of Madras, making the first statement correct.
• The Second Anglo Maratha War did not result in the Treaty of Salbai; rather, the Treaty of Salbai concluded the First Anglo Maratha War.
• The Fourth Anglo Mysore War did not end with the Treaty of Seringapatam; the Treaty of Seringapatam was associated with the Third Anglo Mysore War.

Therefore, statements 2 and 3 are incorrect.

• Second Anglo-Afghan War (1870-80): Lytton made an offer of a favourable treaty to Sher Ali, but the Amir wanted friendship with both his powerful neighbours. 

•  Sher Ali fled in face of the British invasion, and the Treaty of Gandamak (May 1879) was signed with Yakub Khan, the eldest son of Sher Ali. 

Following the Battle of Buxar in 1764, the Treaty of Allahabad was signed in 1765 between the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, the Nawab of Awadh, Shuja-ud-Daulah, and Robert Clive of the East India Company. Under the terms of the treaty, Nawab Shuja-ud-Daulah agreed to several concessions:

1. Surrender of Allahabad and Kara: The Nawab had to cede the strategically important cities of Allahabad and Kara to the Mughal emperor. However, these territories would eventually come under British control through later agreements.

2. War Indemnity: The Nawab was forced to pay a hefty sum of rupees 50 lakh (5 million) to the East India Company as compensation for war expenses. This significantly burdened the Nawab's treasury.

3. Restoration of Balwant Singh's Estate: The Nawab had to relinquish control of the estate belonging to Balwant Singh, the zamindar of Banaras. This act aimed to appease the British who had previously supported Balwant Singh in a dispute.

Therefore, all three statements accurately reflect the concessions made by Nawab Shuja-ud-Daulah under the Treaty of Allahabad. This treaty marked a significant turning point in British expansion in India, strengthening their political and economic influence in the region

The first war with Burma was fought when the Burmese expansion westwards and occupation of Arakan and Manipur, and the threat to Assam and the Brahmaputra Valley led to continuous friction along the ill-defined border between Bengal and Burma, in the opening decades of the nineteenth century. 

Subsidiary Alliance of Wellesley: Subsidised States: Hyderabad (1798; 1800) Mysore (1799) Tanjore (October 1799) Awadh (November 1801) Peshwa (December 1801) Bhonsle of Berar (December 1803) Sindhia (February 1804) Jodhpur (1818) Jaipur (1818) Macheri (1818) Bundi (1818) Bharatpur (1818)