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Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - NEET MCQ


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15 Questions MCQ Test Topic-wise MCQ Tests for NEET - Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules

Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules for NEET 2024 is part of Topic-wise MCQ Tests for NEET preparation. The Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules questions and answers have been prepared according to the NEET exam syllabus.The Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules MCQs are made for NEET 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules below.
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Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 1
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Read the following passage to answer the following questions:

Proteins are polypeptide chains made up of amino acids. There are 20 types of amino acids joined together by peptide bond between amino and carboxylic group. There are two kinds of amino acids, Essential amino acids and Non-essential amino acids. The Primary structure of protein is the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. The first amino acid of sequence is called N-terminal amino acids and last amino acid of peptide chain is called C-terminal amino acids. The secondary structure proteins forms helix. There are three types of secondary structure: a helix, P pleated and collagen helix. In tertiary structure long protein chain is folded upon itself like a hollow woollen ball to give three-dimensional view of protein. In quaternary structure, each polypeptide develops its own tertiary structure and function as subunit of protein.

Q. Glycine and Alanine are different with respect to one substituent on the α-carbon. What are the other common substituent groups?

Detailed Solution for Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 1
In both glycine and alanine, the common substituent groups are; a carboxyl group (COOH), an amine group (NH2)and a side chain of a single hydrogen atom (-H).
Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 2
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Proteins are polypeptide chains made up of amino acids. There are 20 types of amino acids joined together by peptide bond between amino and carboxylic group. There are two kinds of amino acids, Essential amino acids and Non-essential amino acids. The Primary structure of protein is the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. The first amino acid of sequence is called N-terminal amino acids and last amino acid of peptide chain is called C-terminal amino acids. The secondary structure proteins forms helix. There are three types of secondary structure: a helix, P pleated and collagen helix. In tertiary structure long protein chain is folded upon itself like a hollow woollen ball to give three-dimensional view of protein. In quaternary structure, each polypeptide develops its own tertiary structure and function as subunit of protein.

Q. The tertiary structure of a protein contains

Detailed Solution for Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 2
Tertiary structure of protein is maintained by several types of bonds such as hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, sulphide bonds and hydrophilic and hydrophobic bonds formed between are part of polypeptide and another.
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Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 3
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Read the following passage to answer the following questions:

Proteins are polypeptide chains made up of amino acids. There are 20 types of amino acids joined together by peptide bond between amino and carboxylic group. There are two kinds of amino acids, Essential amino acids and Non-essential amino acids. The Primary structure of protein is the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. The first amino acid of sequence is called N-terminal amino acids and last amino acid of peptide chain is called C-terminal amino acids. The secondary structure proteins forms helix. There are three types of secondary structure: a helix, P pleated and collagen helix. In tertiary structure long protein chain is folded upon itself like a hollow woollen ball to give three-dimensional view of protein. In quaternary structure, each polypeptide develops its own tertiary structure and function as subunit of protein.

Q. The smallest amino acid is

Detailed Solution for Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 3
The simplest, and smallest, amino acid is glycine for which the R-group is a hydrogen (H).
Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 4
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Read the following passage to answer the following questions:

Proteins are polypeptide chains made up of amino acids. There are 20 types of amino acids joined together by peptide bond between amino and carboxylic group. There are two kinds of amino acids, Essential amino acids and Non-essential amino acids. The Primary structure of protein is the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. The first amino acid of sequence is called N-terminal amino acids and last amino acid of peptide chain is called C-terminal amino acids. The secondary structure proteins forms helix. There are three types of secondary structure: a helix, P pleated and collagen helix. In tertiary structure long protein chain is folded upon itself like a hollow woollen ball to give three-dimensional view of protein. In quaternary structure, each polypeptide develops its own tertiary structure and function as subunit of protein.

Q. There is extensive diversity of protein molecules is due to
Detailed Solution for Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 4
Protein is a polypeptide chain made up of amino acids. The amino acids consist of amine group (NH2-) and the carboxyl group(COOH-) at the end and a side chain of R- group which is specific to a particular amino acid. This specific group brings a variability to the proteins e.g, if R group is H it is glycine while if it is CH, It is alanine. The sequence of amino acids determines the protein. Therefore, diversity of protein molecules is due to the different sequence of amino acids linked with the protein molecules.
Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 5
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Read the following passage to answer the following questions:

Proteins are polypeptide chains made up of amino acids. There are 20 types of amino acids joined together by peptide bond between amino and carboxylic group. There are two kinds of amino acids, Essential amino acids and Non-essential amino acids. The Primary structure of protein is the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. The first amino acid of sequence is called N-terminal amino acids and last amino acid of peptide chain is called C-terminal amino acids. The secondary structure proteins forms helix. There are three types of secondary structure: a helix, P pleated and collagen helix. In tertiary structure long protein chain is folded upon itself like a hollow woollen ball to give three-dimensional view of protein. In quaternary structure, each polypeptide develops its own tertiary structure and function as subunit of protein.

Direction: In the following questions the Assertions (A) and Reasons (R) have been put forward. Read both the statements and choose the correct option from the following:

Assertion : Amino acids are monomers of nucleic acid.

Reason : Protein amino acids have an unlimited variety.
Detailed Solution for Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 5

Amino acids are monomers of protein and are not of nucleic acid. Proteins are built from a set of only 20 amino acid.

Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 6
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The enzyme molecule operates by chemically binding with the substrate molecule, to form an enzyme-substrate complex. The enzyme's tertiary structure consists of a unique pocket or site on which the substrate molecules can become attached and interact subsequently. This brings about an interaction between the specific active sites in the enzyme molecule and the reactive sites in the substrate molecule. The enzyme now breaks down the substrate into- products. The products initially remain attached to the enzyme for a short while forming an enzyme product complex. The products get released from the enzyme molecule subsequently. The enzyme is now ready to receive another substrate molecule again. Thus, the same enzyme can be used again and again.

Q. Which of the following is the best evidence for the lock and key theory of enzyme reaction:
Detailed Solution for Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 6
The compound similar in structure to substrate block the active site of the enzyme. Therefore, the substrate fail to unite with the enzyme and thus the reaction is inhibited.
Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 7
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Read the following passage to answer the following questions:

The enzyme molecule operates by chemically binding with the substrate molecule, to form an enzyme-substrate complex. The enzyme's tertiary structure consists of a unique pocket or site on which the substrate molecules can become attached and interact subsequently. This brings about an interaction between the specific active sites in the enzyme molecule and the reactive sites in the substrate molecule. The enzyme now breaks down the substrate into- products. The products initially remain attached to the enzyme for a short while forming an enzyme product complex. The products get released from the enzyme molecule subsequently. The enzyme is now ready to receive another substrate molecule again. Thus, the same enzyme can be used again and again.

Q. Khosland's model of enzyme action implies that:
Detailed Solution for Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 7
The substrate brings about the conformational change in the active site of enzyme thus forming suitable ES complex This is in accordance with the Khosland's induced fit model of enzyme action.
Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 8
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Read the following passage to answer the following questions:

The enzyme molecule operates by chemically binding with the substrate molecule, to form an enzyme-substrate complex. The enzyme's tertiary structure consists of a unique pocket or site on which the substrate molecules can become attached and interact subsequently. This brings about an interaction between the specific active sites in the enzyme molecule and the reactive sites in the substrate molecule. The enzyme now breaks down the substrate into- products. The products initially remain attached to the enzyme for a short while forming an enzyme product complex. The products get released from the enzyme molecule subsequently. The enzyme is now ready to receive another substrate molecule again. Thus, the same enzyme can be used again and again.

Q. The complete conjugate enzyme, consisting of an apoenzyme and a cofactor, is called
Detailed Solution for Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 8
The complete conjugate enzyme, consisting of an apoenzyme (the protein portions of enzyme) and a cofactor (the nonprotein constituent of an enzyme), is called holoenzyme.

The multiple molecular forms of an enzyme occurring in the same organism and having a similar substrate activity are called isozymes. The nucleic acids that behave like enzymes are called ribozymes. The inactive state of enzyme is called zymogen.

Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 9
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Read the following passage to answer the following questions:

The enzyme molecule operates by chemically binding with the substrate molecule, to form an enzyme-substrate complex. The enzyme's tertiary structure consists of a unique pocket or site on which the substrate molecules can become attached and interact subsequently. This brings about an interaction between the specific active sites in the enzyme molecule and the reactive sites in the substrate molecule. The enzyme now breaks down the substrate into- products. The products initially remain attached to the enzyme for a short while forming an enzyme product complex. The products get released from the enzyme molecule subsequently. The enzyme is now ready to receive another substrate molecule again. Thus, the same enzyme can be used again and again.

Q. Model of Emil Fisher implies that:
Detailed Solution for Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 9
Active site is complementary to that of substrate. The enzyme molecule interacts with only a specific type of substrate which unite with and fits in the enzyme like a key in the lock.
Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 10
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Read the following passage to answer the following questions:

The enzyme molecule operates by chemically binding with the substrate molecule, to form an enzyme-substrate complex. The enzyme's tertiary structure consists of a unique pocket or site on which the substrate molecules can become attached and interact subsequently. This brings about an interaction between the specific active sites in the enzyme molecule and the reactive sites in the substrate molecule. The enzyme now breaks down the substrate into- products. The products initially remain attached to the enzyme for a short while forming an enzyme product complex. The products get released from the enzyme molecule subsequently. The enzyme is now ready to receive another substrate molecule again. Thus, the same enzyme can be used again and again.

Direction : In the following questions the Assertions (A) and Reasons (R) have been put forward. Read both the statements and choose the correct option from the following:

Assertion : Enzyme and substrate respectively have active and reactive sites on their surface.

Reason : Active and reactive sites push the enzyme and substrate molecules away from each other.
Detailed Solution for Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 10

A is true but R is false.

The assertion that enzyme and substrate respectively have active and reactive sites on their surface is true, as stated in the passage: "The enzyme's tertiary structure consists of a unique pocket or site on which the substrate molecules can become attached and interact subsequently. This brings about an interaction between the specific active sites in the enzyme molecule and the reactive sites in the substrate molecule." However, the reason provided for this assertion, that active and reactive sites push the enzyme and substrate molecules away from each other, is false. In fact, the active and reactive sites on the enzyme and substrate molecules interact with each other and bring the molecules close together, allowing the enzyme to break down the substrate into products.

Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 11
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Read the following passage to answer the following questions:

Neutral or true fats are esters of fatty acid with glycerol. They are also called glycerol. A fat molecule consists of one molecule of glycerol and one to three molecules of the same or different long-chain fatty acids. Glycerol has 3 carbons each bearing a hydroxyl (OH) group. Whereas fatty acid molecule is an unbranched chain of carbon atoms having a carboxylic group attached to an R group. The R group could be a methyl (-CH3) or ethyl (-C2H5) or higher number of -CH2 groups (C1 to 19-C). eg. Palmitic acid has 16-C. Saturated fatty acid are without double bonds whereas unsaturated fatty acid are with one or more double bonds. Neutral fats may be monoglycerides if there is only one molecule of fatty acid attached to a glycerol molecule. If the number of fatty acids attached is two then it is a diglyceride or triglyceride if it is three. Esters of fatty acid with high molecular weight alcohol are called waxes. Compound lipids are also esters but contain some other substances also. Steroids and prostaglandins are derived lipids.

Q. How many molecules of fatty acids may occur in a lipid molecule?
Detailed Solution for Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 11
A fatty acid molecule may contain 1-3 fatty acid, They are called mono glycerides diglycerides and triglycerides are respectively, one, two, three fatty acids are attached to a glycerol molecules.
Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 12
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Read the following passage to answer the following questions:

Neutral or true fats are esters of fatty acid with glycerol. They are also called glycerol. A fat molecule consists of one molecule of glycerol and one to three molecules of the same or different long-chain fatty acids. Glycerol has 3 carbons each bearing a hydroxyl (OH) group. Whereas fatty acid molecule is an unbranched chain of carbon atoms having a carboxylic group attached to an R group. The R group could be a methyl (-CH3) or ethyl (-C2H5) or higher number of -CH2 groups (C1 to 19-C). eg. Palmitic acid has 16-C. Saturated fatty acid are without double bonds whereas unsaturated fatty acid are with one or more double bonds. Neutral fats may be monoglycerides if there is only one molecule of fatty acid attached to a glycerol molecule. If the number of fatty acids attached is two then it is a diglyceride or triglyceride if it is three. Esters of fatty acid with high molecular weight alcohol are called waxes. Compound lipids are also esters but contain some other substances also. Steroids and prostaglandins are derived lipids.

Q. Polyunsaturated fatty acid contain
Detailed Solution for Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 12
They are fatty acids (PUFA) that I contain more than one double bonds
Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 13
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Read the following passage to answer the following questions:

Neutral or true fats are esters of fatty acid with glycerol. They are also called glycerol. A fat molecule consists of one molecule of glycerol and one to three molecules of the same or different long-chain fatty acids. Glycerol has 3 carbons each bearing a hydroxyl (OH) group. Whereas fatty acid molecule is an unbranched chain of carbon atoms having a carboxylic group attached to an R group. The R group could be a methyl (-CH3) or ethyl (-C2H5) or higher number of -CH2 groups (C1 to 19-C). eg. Palmitic acid has 16-C. Saturated fatty acid are without double bonds whereas unsaturated fatty acid are with one or more double bonds. Neutral fats may be monoglycerides if there is only one molecule of fatty acid attached to a glycerol molecule. If the number of fatty acids attached is two then it is a diglyceride or triglyceride if it is three. Esters of fatty acid with high molecular weight alcohol are called waxes. Compound lipids are also esters but contain some other substances also. Steroids and prostaglandins are derived lipids.

Q. Paraffin wax is
Detailed Solution for Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 13

Based on the passage, paraffin wax is not directly mentioned, but we can deduce its classification:

  • Paraffin wax is primarily made up of long-chain alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons), and it is not an ester, acid, monohydric alcohol, or cholesterol. However, it is closest to the nature of waxes, which are mentioned as esters of fatty acids with high molecular weight alcohols.

Given the options and the context of the passage, the correct answer is:

Correct Answer: 1. Ester

Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 14
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Read the following passage to answer the following questions:

Neutral or true fats are esters of fatty acid with glycerol. They are also called glycerol. A fat molecule consists of one molecule of glycerol and one to three molecules of the same or different long-chain fatty acids. Glycerol has 3 carbons each bearing a hydroxyl (OH) group. Whereas fatty acid molecule is an unbranched chain of carbon atoms having a carboxylic group attached to an R group. The R group could be a methyl (-CH3) or ethyl (-C2H5) or higher number of -CH2 groups (C1 to 19-C). eg. Palmitic acid has 16-C. Saturated fatty acid are without double bonds whereas unsaturated fatty acid are with one or more double bonds. Neutral fats may be monoglycerides if there is only one molecule of fatty acid attached to a glycerol molecule. If the number of fatty acids attached is two then it is a diglyceride or triglyceride if it is three. Esters of fatty acid with high molecular weight alcohol are called waxes. Compound lipids are also esters but contain some other substances also. Steroids and prostaglandins are derived lipids.

Q. Lecithin is a
Detailed Solution for Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 14
Lecithin is a compound liquid. It is also an ester of fatty acid with alcohol but also contain other substances. Lecithin consists of glycerol, two fatty acids, a phosphate group and choline.
Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 15
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Read the following passage to answer the following questions:

Neutral or true fats are esters of fatty acid with glycerol. They are also called glycerol. A fat molecule consists of one molecule of glycerol and one to three molecules of the same or different long-chain fatty acids. Glycerol has 3 carbons each bearing a hydroxyl (OH) group. Whereas fatty acid molecule is an unbranched chain of carbon atoms having a carboxylic group attached to an R group. The R group could be a methyl (-CH3) or ethyl (-C2H5) or higher number of -CH2 groups (C1 to 19-C). eg. Palmitic acid has 16-C. Saturated fatty acid are without double bonds whereas unsaturated fatty acid are with one or more double bonds. Neutral fats may be monoglycerides if there is only one molecule of fatty acid attached to a glycerol molecule. If the number of fatty acids attached is two then it is a diglyceride or triglyceride if it is three. Esters of fatty acid with high molecular weight alcohol are called waxes. Compound lipids are also esters but contain some other substances also. Steroids and prostaglandins are derived lipids.

Direction : In the following questions the Assertions (A) and Reasons (R) have been put forward. Read both the statements and choose the correct option from the following:

Assertion : Polyunsaturates are considered good for health.

Reason : They help in reducing blood cholesterol level.
Detailed Solution for Case Based Questions Test: Biomolecules - Question 15
Polyunsaturates are the oils containing polyunsaturated fatty acids. They help in reducing the risk of heart disease by lowering cholesterol levels in blood.
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