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Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - NEET MCQ


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Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 1

In albuminous seeds, food is stored in _______ and in non albuminous seeds, it is stored in _______.

Detailed Solution for Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 1

Albuminous seeds are the seeds which have food stored in the special nourishing tissue called as endosperm that remains persistent till maturity. Cotyledons only act as food sucking organs and not food storage organs e.g., Castor seed. Non-albuminous seeds are the seeds which have the stored food and the cotyledons in a special structure called as a kernel. It does not remain until the embryo is mature. e.g. Pea seed.

Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 2

In the given diagram showing the structure of a monocot seed:

Statement I:A is pericarp.

Statement II:B is the cotyledon of the monocot seed.

Statement III: C is triploid in nature and develops before B.

Detailed Solution for Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 2

(A)To determine the correct statements regarding the structure of a monocot seed:

- Statement I: A is pericarp.
- Explanation: The pericarp is the outermost layer of a fruit formed from the ovary wall. In the given diagram, A represents the pericarp of the seed.

- Statement II: B is the cotyledon of the monocot seed.
- Explanation: False statement as B represents the endosperm of the seed only 

- Statement III: C is triploid in nature and develops before B.
- Explanation:  incorrect statement as C is the scutellum of seed and is diploid in nature  

Therefore, the correct answer is: A: Only Statement I is correct.

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Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 3

In an embryo sac, the cells that degenerate after fertilisation are

Detailed Solution for Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 3

In the embryo sac or the female gametophyte, two synergids and an egg form the egg apparatus at the micropylar end. The synergids have specialized thickenings called the filiform apparaus that guides the pollen tube into the embryo sac for fertilization and degenerate. After fertilization the egg forms the zygote and the polar cell forms the PEN.

Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 4

The anther wall consists of four wall layers where

Detailed Solution for Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 4

Each anther lobe develops two pollen sacs. Thus, a two-lobed anther develops four pollen sacs situated at four corners of the anther. The wall layers from the periphery to centre consist of:

  • A single layer of epidermis
  • A single layer of endothecium
  • One to three middle layers
  • A single layer of tapetum

 

 

Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 5

The diagram shows the false fruits of apple and strawberry.

Statement I: False fruits develop only from the ovary.

Statement II: A is Thalamus and B is Achene.  

Detailed Solution for Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 5

- False fruits develop not only from the ovary ,as the thalamus also contributes to fruit formation in false fruits. 

 - In the given diagram, A represents the thalamus and B represents the achene.
- Therefore, Statement I is incorrect, and Statement II is correct.
- The correct answer is option B Statement I is incorrect, Statement II is correct.

Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 6

Assertion a: All the fruits that we eat are not real fruits.

Reason (R): In a few plants, floral parts like thalamus or pedicel also contribute to fruit formation. Such fruits are called false fruits.

Detailed Solution for Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 6

A fruit is the seed- bearing structure in flowering plants also referred to as angiosperms produced from the ovary after flowering. Rather, in some fruits, it is not the ovary that produces the fruit. In fact, other parts of the flower, just like the thalamus, inflorescence, and calyx are modified to become an area of the fruit.
 

Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 7

Meiosis occurs in

Detailed Solution for Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 7
Meiosis occurs in:

  • Spore mother cells: Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in spore mother cells. These cells undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores, which will later develop into gametes.

Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 8

How many nuclei in embryosac of an angiosperm are surrounded by cell walls?

Detailed Solution for Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 8

Six of the eight nuclei are surrounded by cell walls and organised into cells; the remaining two nuclei, called polar nuclei are situated below the egg apparatus in the large central cell.

Three cells are grouped together at the micropylar end and constitute the egg apparatus. The egg apparatus, in turn, consists of two synergids and one egg cell. The synergids have special cellular thickenings at the micropylar tip called filiform apparatus, which play an important role in guiding the pollen tubes into the synergid. Three cells are at the chalazal end and are called the antipodals. The large central cell, as mentioned earlier, has two polar nuclei. Thus, a typical angiosperm embryo sac, at maturity, though 8-nucleate is 7-celled

Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 9

What is common between vegetative reproduction and Apomixis?

Detailed Solution for Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 9
Both apomixis and vegetative reproduction produce progeny identical to the parent. Apomixis was defined by Hans Winkler as replacement of the normal sexual reproduction by asexual reproduction, without fertilization.

Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 10

Number of seeds are equal to the

Detailed Solution for Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 10

It is the ovule which develops into a seed, so number of seeds is equal to the number of ovules.

Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 11

Assertion : Endosperm is a nutritive tissue and it is triploid.
Reason : Endosperm is formed by fusion of secondary nucleus to second male gamete. It is used by developing embryo.

Detailed Solution for Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 11

The correct option is A Both assertion and reason are true and reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
In angiosperm, triploid endosperm is formed by fusion of secondary nucleus and second male gamete. This tissue is used by developing embryo.

Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 12

Which one of the following statements is not true?

Detailed Solution for Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 12

Incorrect statement is B. Honey is made by bees by digesting pollen collected from flowers. As, honey is not made by bees by digesting pollen collected from flowers. Instead, bees digest nectar collected from flowers to produce honey. 

Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 13

Which one of the following statements is correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 13
  • The tapetum which is present along with the embryo to provide nourishment for the growing embryo. It is found in sporangium, particularly within the anther of flowering plants. It is important for the development of pollen grains. The cells are usually bigger and normally have more than one nucleus per cell.
  • Sporogenous tissues are diploid in nature.
  • Endothecium - secretes materials essential for the proper maturation of the pollen grains.
  • Intine is the inner layer; outer tough layer of pollen is called as exine.
Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 14

Normal Embryosac of Angiosperm is :

Detailed Solution for Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 14

Female gametophyte or embryo sac of angiosperms develops upto 8-nudeate, 7-celled prior to fertilisation. There is a three celled apparatus (one egg cell or oosphere and two synergids), three antipodal cells and two polar nuclei. The two polar nuclei fuse to form a diploid secondary nucleus.

Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 15

What do the male and female gametophytes of flowering plants produce?

Detailed Solution for Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 15
  • Pollen grains represent the highly reduced haploid male gametophyte generation in flowering plants, consisting of just two or three cells when released from the anthers. Their role is to deliver twin sperm cells to the embryo sac to undergo fusion with the egg and central cell.
  •  The female gametophyte of flowering plants, which produces the two female gametes – the egg cell and central cell – for double-fertilization by the two sperm cells of the male gametophyte
Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 16

identify A- D in the diagram showing a typical dicot embryo:
 

Detailed Solution for Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 16

To identify A-D in the diagram of a typical dicot embryo:

- A: Plumule
- The plumule is the embryonic shoot located above the cotyledons in a seed.
- B: Hypocotyl
- The hypocotyl is the part of the embryo plant between the radicle and the cotyledons.
- C: Radicle
- The radicle is the embryonic root.
- D: Root cap
The root tip/radical is covered with a root cap.

In the provided diagram, the correct answer is option C.

Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 17

Triple fusion involves

Detailed Solution for Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 17

The correct option is [d]. Second male gamete fuses with two polar nuclei to form a triploid Primary Endosperm Nucleus (PEN). This is called triple fusion.

Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 18

In an apomict seed,

Detailed Solution for Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 18

In an apomictic, seeds can be produced without fertilization. This process is called apomixis. An apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction that mimics sexual reproduction. It includes abnormal sexual reproduction in which egg or other cells like synergids and antipodals develop into an embryo without fertilization and meiosis. In apomicts, somatic cells can mix up and form the embryo under natural conditions. Somatic cells like nucellus can form an embryo in nucellar apomixis.

 

Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 19

Rewards and attractants are required for

Detailed Solution for Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 19

A) Cleistogamy - It is a type of self-operating pollination technique of some plants. They are propagated by using non-opening, self-pollinating flowers. So they do not need any attractants and rewards. Thus it is the wrong answer.
B) Anemophily – it is wind pollination. Here pollen is distributed by wind. So they also do not need attractants/rewards. It is the wrong option.
C) Entomophily – it is insect pollination. Here pollen is carried by an insect. Insects are attracted by the attractants of plants and spores are distributed by them. So here attractants and rewards are required for pollination. Thus it is the correct option.
D) Hydrophily – Here pollen is distributed by the water flow. Thus it has no requirement for attractants and rewards. So it is the wrong option.

Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 20

Which one of the following statements regarding post-fertilisation development in flowering plants is incorrect?

Detailed Solution for Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 20
  • Statement in option [A] is incorrect and can be corrected as Embryo sac is not the post-fertilisation product.
  • Following are the post-fertilisation changes Ovule converted into seed.
  • Ovary converted into fruit. Zygote converted into embryo. Central cell converted into endosperm.
Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 21

Endospermic seeds are found in

Detailed Solution for Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 21

Endospermic seeds are those that have an endosperm in the mature seed. It is fleshy, oily, surrounds the embryo, and functions as the sole food storage organ. Inside the seed coat, a thin and papery cotyledon is present. Monocot plants have endospermic seeds.

Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 22

Detailed Solution for Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 22

Tranverse section of a young anther.

Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 23
In the process of pollen grain development, what is the sequence of events that leads to the formation of two male gametes in angiosperms?
Detailed Solution for Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 23
In angiosperms, the pollen grain contains a vegetative cell and a generative cell. The generative cell divides mitotically to produce two male gametes, which are necessary for fertilization. The vegetative cell does not divide to form gametes; instead, it forms the pollen tube that facilitates the transfer of the male gametes to the ovule.
Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 24
Which of the following statements is false?
Detailed Solution for Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 24
Orchids and parasitic plants like Orobanche and Striga typically produce a large number of seeds per fruit, not just one. This high seed production is a strategy to increase the chances of successful germination and establishment in their respective environments. The other statements are true based on historical and botanical records.
Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 25
What is one of the main advantages of making hybrid crops into apomicts?
Detailed Solution for Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants - 4 - Question 25
Making hybrid crops into apomicts ensures that the hybrid characters are maintained in the progeny without segregation. This means that farmers can use the same hybrid seeds year after year without needing to buy new seeds, as the hybrid traits will remain stable. This is a significant advantage as it reduces the cost of hybrid seeds for farmers.
Line from ncert:- One of the problems of hybrids is that hybrid seeds have
to be produced every year. If the seeds collected from hybrids are sown,
the plants in the progeny will segregate and do not maintain hybrid
characters.
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