Test: Common Human Diseases (NCERT) - NEET MCQ

Infectious diseases are those diseases that can spread from one person to another e.g., AIDS. Non-infectious diseases are those diseases that cannot spread from one person to another e.g., cancer.

Salmonella typhi, a rod shaped bacterium causes typhoid.. It is transmitted through contaminated food and water. Symptoms of this disease are fever, abdominal pain, weakness and loss of appetite

DPT vaccine is for diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus. The patient suffering from typhoid is required to be treated with antibiotics as it is a bacterial disease.

Human health is affected by following three factors :
(i) Infections : A person gets infections from his/her surroundings.
(ii) A silent mutation is a type of DNA mutation that doesn't affect the amino acid sequence of the protein it codes for. It will not effect. 
(iii) Life style : It includes food and water we take, rest and exercise we give to our bodies and habits that we possess or lack, etc. in our life.
(iv) Genetic disorders: These are the deficiencies or defects that a child carries from parents by birth via genes.
Correct answer is i, iii, iv

Common cold is caused by some 100 types of Rhino viruses. Symptoms of common cold are irritation of nasal tract, nasal congestion, flow of mucus, sore throat, sneezing, cough, headache and mild fever.

In malaria, chills and shivers are caused by the release of toxic substance haemozoin into the blood at the time of RBCs rupture. It is generally followed by fever.

Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasite. It has two hosts to complete its life cycle. Female Anopheles mosquito is the primary host in which the sexual phase of the parasite occurs. Human being is the secondary host in which the asexual phase of the parasite occurs.

Amoebic dysentery is caused by a monogenic protozoan known as Entamoeba histolytica. The pathogen lives in the large intestine of humans. The patient passes blood along with the faeces and feels pain in the abdomen.

Ringworms or tinea is caused by the fungi belonging to the genera Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton. Appearance of dry, scaly lesions with itching on various parts of the body such as skin, nails and scalp are the main symptoms of ringworm. The infection is generally acquired from soil or by using towels, clothes or even the comb of infected persons.

Elephantiasis or filariasis is caused by a number of worms. However, in India only two types of worms are responsible for this disease, Wuchereria bancrofti and W. malayi.This disease is transmitted by female Cu/exmosquitoes. Elephantiasis affects lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs.

Gambusia feeds on the larvae of mosquitoes that live in water. Mosquito is a vector for all these three diseases , dengue, malaria and chikungunys.

Ascaris is an endoparasite of the small intestine. A large number of adult Ascaris worms normally obstruct the intestinal passage and thereby cause abdominal discomfort and colic pain. Other symptoms include impaired digestion, diarrhoea and vomiting. Ascaris's eggs are excreted along with the faeces of infected person.

• Typhoid - Salmonella typhi
• Pneumonia - Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Malaria - Plasmodium
• Ringworm - Trichophyton

Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial diseases. Plague, leprosy and whooping cough are bacterial diseases. Amoebiasis is a protozoan disease. It cannot be cured by taking antibiotics.

Answer: Option A.
Solution: Cancer's development can indeed result from both inherited genetic mutations and environmental factors, such as exposure to carcinogens. The reason accurately explains how these factors contribute to the mutations that can lead to cancer, making it the correct explanation for the assertion.

Answer: Option B: Secrete testosterone

Solution: Sertoli cells provide nutrition to spermatogonia, support developing germ cells, and secrete androgen-binding protein (ABP), but they do not secrete testosterone. Testosterone is actually secreted by the Leydig cells (interstitial cells) located in the interstitial spaces between the seminiferous tubules. An additional fact about Sertoli cells is that they also play a key role in the blood-testis barrier, protecting germ cells from autoimmune attacks.

Malarial parasite requires two hosts - humans and mosquitoes to complete its life cycle. Mosquito acts as a primary host and human acts as a secondary host. Haemozoin is a toxic substance produced by the rupturing of red blood cells.

Answer: Option C.

Solution: Acquired immunity, also known as adaptive or specific immunity, is the type of immunity that an individual acquires after birth. This form of immunity is mediated by B and T lymphocytes and develops as a response to exposure to pathogens, vaccines, or through the transfer of antibodies from mother to child. Acquired immunity is characterized by its ability to remember previous exposures to pathogens and mount a stronger response upon subsequent exposures.

Pneumonia is caused by bacteria, streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. It is serious disease of lungs infecting alveoli and bronchioles. It is a communicable disease. Common cold  is a viral disease caused by Rhino virus.

Microsporum and Rhizopus belong to the kingdom fungi.

When a female Anopheles mosquito bites an infected person, Plasmodium enters the mosquito's body and undergoes further development. The parasites multiply within them to form sporozoites that are stored in their salivary glands.

Yellow fever is caused by flavivirus and dengue is caused by arbovirus. Both are transmitted by the bite of mosquito, Aedes aegypti.

Plague is a bacterial disease caused by Yersiria pestis Symptoms of this disease are high fever and a bubo in the groin or armpit. It is primarily a disease of rodents accidently affects man. The vector of this disease is rat fleas that carries germs of plague from rat to rat. When the rats dies of plague, the fleas leave the dead rat and if any man is nearby, they bite him and inject some plague germs into his blood. Shigellosis or bacillary dysentery a diarrheal illness resulting from an acute inflammatory reaction caused by shigella,

Bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are responsible for the disease pneumonia in humans, which infects the alveoli of lungs. A healthy person acquires the infection by inhaling the droplets, released by an infected person or even by sharing utensils with an infected person. Pneumonia vaccine is available these days. It is a second generation vaccine prepared by recombinant DNA technology/genetic engineering

• Wuchereria (W. bancrofti and W. malayi), the filarial worms cause a slowly developing chronic inflammation of the organs in which they live for many years, usually the lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs and the disease is called elephantiasis or filariasis.
• The pathogens are transmitted to a healthy person through the bite by the female mosquito vectors.