Test: The Female Reproductive System (NCERT) - NEET MCQ

• The hymen, the thin membranous diaphragm at the vaginal orifice, is often torn during the first coitus (intercourse).
• Hymen maybe torn in other ways too, like sports, a disease, sudden jolt, etc.
• In some females, the hymen persists even after intercourse.
• Hence, presence or absence of hymen is an unreliable indicator.

Line in NCERT: "The presence or absence of hymen is not a reliable indicator of virginity or sexual experience."

The total number of follicles in two ovaries of a normal young adult woman is about four lakhs but only about 500 eggs reach maturity because many ovarian follicles (during primary oocyte stage) undergo degeneration. This degenerative process of follicles is called follicular atresia and such follicles are known as atretic follicles.

Line in NCERT: "Therefore, at puberty only 60,000-80,000 primary follicles are left in each ovary. A large number of these follicles degenerate during the phase from birth to puberty."

In the given figure, A is cervix, B is vagina, C is Uterus, D is urinary bladder, E is clitoris and F is vaginal orifice

Line in NCERT: "The female reproductive system consists of a pair of ovaries alongwith a pair of oviducts, uterus, cervix, vagina and the external genitalia located in pelvic region (Figure 2.3a)."

The female external genitalia include mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, hymen and clitoris.

Line in NCERT: "The female external genitalia include mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, hymen and clitoris."

Lower end of uterus is called cervix that opens into vagina.

Line in NCERT: "The uterus opens into vagina through a narrow cervix."

• Mons pubis → Cushion of fatty tissue covered by skin and pubic hair.
• Labia majora → Fleshy folds of tissue surrounding the vaginal opening.
• Labia minora → Paired folds of tissue under the labia majora.
• Hymen → Membrane partially covering the vaginal opening.
• Clitoris → Tiny finger-like structure at the upper junction of labia minora.

• Statement A is correct: The uterus is indeed single and is known as the womb.
• Statement B is correct: The uterus is shaped like an inverted pear and is supported by ligaments attached to the pelvic wall.
• Statement C is incorrect: The cervix opens into the vagina, not directly into the uterine cavity.
• Statement D is correct: The uterus has three layers: perimetrium (external), myometrium (middle), and endometrium (inner).
• Statement E is incorrect: The myometrium exhibits strong contractions during delivery, not during the menstrual cycle.
• Statement F is correct: The endometrium undergoes cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle.

Line in NCERT: "The uterus is single and it is also called womb. The shape of the uterus is like an inverted pear. It is supported by ligaments attached to the pelvic wall. The uterus opens into vagina through a narrow cervix. The wall of the uterus has three layers of tissue. The external thin membranous perimetrium, middle thick layer of smooth muscle, myometrium and inner glandular layer called endometrium that lines the uterine cavity. The endometrium undergoes cyclical changes during menstrual cycle while the myometrium exhibits strong contraction during delivery of the baby."

• Statement A is incorrect because the endometrium is the inner glandular layer of the uterus that undergoes cyclical changes, while the myometrium is the middle thick layer of smooth muscle. 
• Statement B  is correct because the uterus is supported by ligaments attached to the pelvic wall.
• Statement C is correct because the myometrium contracts strongly during delivery.
• Statement D is correct as the labia majora are indeed fleshy folds of tissue surrounding the vaginal opening.

Line in NCERT: "The wall of the uterus has three layers of tissue. The external thin membranous perimetrium, middle thick layer of smooth muscle, myometrium and inner glandular layer called endometrium that lines the uterine cavity. The endometrium undergoes cyclical changes during menstrual cycle while the myometrium exhibits strong contraction during delivery of the baby."

Line in NCERT: "The female reproductive system consists of a pair of ovaries alongwith a pair of oviducts, uterus, cervix, vagina and the external genitalia located in pelvic region (Figure 2.3a)."

The ligaments that support the ovaries help to keep them in place by forming connections with both the pelvic wall and the uterine wall. These ligaments ensure that the ovaries remain properly positioned within the female reproductive system.

Line in NCERT: "Ovaries are located one on each side of the lower abdomen and are connected to the pelvic wall and uterus by ligaments."