Test: Diseases of Respiratory System (NCERT) - NEET MCQ

Grinding or stone breaking industries produce so mud dust that long exposure to this can give rise to inflammatior of lungs leading to fibrosis (proliferation of fibrous tissues' and thus causing serious lung damage. Inflammation ol the bronchi may also be caused by cigarette smoking. The primary function of pneumotaxic center is to limit inspiration which increase breathing rate.

Line in NCERT: "Occupational Respiratory Disorders: In certain industries, especially those involving grinding or stone-breaking, so much dust is produced that the defense mechanism of the body cannot fully cope with the situation. Long exposure can give rise to inflammation leading to fibrosis (proliferation of fibrous tissues) and thus causing serious lung damage."

Silicosis and asbestosis are known as occupational disorder as they occur due to one's occuption. Workers working in industries where silica and asbestos are used can suffer from these respiratory disorders.

Both statements (i) and (iv) are correct. Asthma is a difficulty in breathing caused by inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles, and the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin is primarily related to the partial pressure of O2.

Statements (ii) and (iii) are not correct. The respiratory system starts at the external nostrils and extends to the alveoli, not the terminal bronchioles. The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage that covers the glottis to prevent the entry of food into the larynx during swallowing, not the other way around.

Line in NCERT: "Asthma is a difficulty in breathing causing wheezing due to inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles."

Emphysema is a respiratory disorder which occurs due to the inflation or abnormal distension of the bronchioles or alveolar sacs resulting in the loss of their elasticity. Cigarette smoking and chronic bronchitis are the causes of this disease.

Line in NCERT: "Emphysema is a chronic disorder in which alveolar walls are damaged due to which respiratory surface is decreased. One of the major causes of this is cigarette smoking."

Excessive cigarette smoking leading to damage of alveolar walls is associated with emphysema. Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that is caused by damage to the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs.

Line in NCERT: "Emphysema is a chronic disorder in which alveolar walls are damaged due to which respiratory surface is decreased. One of the major causes of this is cigarette smoking."