Test: Animal Kingdom - 3 - NEET MCQ

All protozoal species are assigned to the kingdom Protista in the Whittaker classification. The protozoa are then placed into various groups primarily on the basis of how they move. The groups are called phyla (singular, phylum) by some microbiologists, and classes by others. Hence, the correct option is Option C.

Dum-dum fever : Also called kala-azar, a chronic, potentially fatal parasitic disease of the viscera (the internal organs) due to infection by an agent called Leishmania donovani. The disease is also known as Indian leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis, leishmania infection, black sickness, and black fever.

The relationship between Lophomonas and wood cockroach is of Symbiosis.



Explanation:


The term symbiosis refers to a close and long-term interaction between two different species, where both organisms benefit from the relationship. In the case of Lophomonas and wood cockroach, they have a symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit.
Here is a detailed explanation of why the relationship between Lophomonas and wood cockroach is classified as symbiosis:
1. Mutualistic Interaction:
- Lophomonas is a flagellate protozoan that lives in the hindgut of wood cockroaches.
- Lophomonas benefits from this association by obtaining a stable environment and a constant food source from the wood cockroach's digestive system.
2. Wood Cockroach Benefits:
- The wood cockroach also benefits from the presence of Lophomonas.
- Lophomonas helps in the digestion of wood particles, which are a major component of the cockroach's diet.
- Lophomonas breaks down cellulose, a complex carbohydrate found in wood, into simpler molecules that can be absorbed by the cockroach.
3. Coevolution:
- This symbiotic relationship has likely evolved over time through coevolution.
- Coevolution occurs when two species evolve together in response to each other's presence, leading to a mutually beneficial relationship.
4. Obligate Symbiosis:
- The relationship between Lophomonas and wood cockroach is considered an obligate symbiosis, meaning that neither organism can survive or reproduce without the other.
Overall, the symbiotic relationship between Lophomonas and wood cockroach is a mutualistic interaction where both organisms depend on each other for survival and benefit from the association.

Sponges belong to the phylum Porifera. This phylum is characterized by animals that have a porous body and a simple level of organization. Sponges are primarily marine animals and are known for their unique water canal system that helps in their feeding, respiration, and excretion. Unlike the other options, where the animals are not correctly matched with their phyla (Earthworm belongs to Annelida, Jellyfish to Cnidaria, and Tapeworm to Platyhelminthes), the sponge is correctly placed in Porifera. An interesting fact about sponges is that they can regenerate from fragments, a process known as fragmentation.

Cnidarians, such as jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones, are known for having cnidoblasts (or cnidocytes), which are specialized cells that contain a stinging structure called a nematocyst. This feature is used for defense and capturing prey. Bilateral symmetry is characteristic of more advanced phyla like Chordata, the presence of a notochord defines Chordata, and a segmented body is a feature of Annelida and Arthropoda. An interesting fact about cnidarians is that they exhibit two basic body forms: the sessile polyp and the free-swimming medusa.

Platyhelminthes, or flatworms, are characterized by their bilateral symmetry, organ-level organization, and acoelomate body plan, meaning they do not have a coelom (body cavity). The presence of a coelom is not a feature of Platyhelminthes but rather of more advanced phyla like Annelida and Arthropoda. An interesting fact about Platyhelminthes is that despite their simple structure, some species have complex life cycles involving multiple hosts.

Annelids, such as earthworms, leeches, and polychaetes, are characterized by their segmented body and the presence of a coelom, which is a fluid-filled body cavity completely lined by tissue derived from mesoderm. Mollusca, Porifera, and Cnidaria do not exhibit segmented bodies; Molluscs have a non-segmented body, Porifera have a cellular level of organization without true tissues, and Cnidaria have a tissue level of organization without segmentation. An interesting fact about annelids is that their segmented body plan allows for greater flexibility and mobility.

Correct option is A.  Notochord is a characteristic feature of animals belonging to the phylum Chordata

Starfish, or sea stars, belong to the phylum Echinodermata, which is known for its members having radial symmetry (typically as adults), a water vascular system, and an endoskeleton of calcareous ossicles. Octopuses belong to Mollusca, earthworms to Annelida, and jellyfish to Cnidaria. An interesting fact about echinoderms is that they have the ability to regenerate lost limbs, and some can even regenerate an entire new organism from a single limb.

Arthropods, which include insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and myriapods, are characterized by their chitinous exoskeleton, jointed limbs, and segmented bodies. The presence of a notochord is unique to Chordata, radial symmetry is a feature of Cnidaria and Echinodermata (in their larval stage), and the water vascular system is specific to Echinodermata. An interesting fact about arthropods is that they undergo molting, shedding their exoskeleton to grow.

Sponges (Porifera) are filter feeders; they draw water containing food particles into their bodies through pores, filtering out the food and expelling the water. This method allows them to feed on plankton and organic particles suspended in the water. Photosynthesis is not a mode of nutrition for Porifera, as they are not capable of photosynthesis. Predation and parasitism are modes of nutrition seen in other animal groups but not in Porifera. An interesting fact about sponges is that despite their simple structure, they have a variety of cell types that perform different functions.

Nematodes, or roundworms, are characterized by their pseudocoelom, which is a fluid-filled body cavity that is not completely lined by mesoderm. This feature distinguishes them from the true coelomates and acoelomates. Radial symmetry is seen in Cnidaria and Echinodermata, the water vascular system is a feature of Echinodermata, and a chitinous exoskeleton is characteristic of Arthropoda. An interesting fact about nematodes is that they can be found in almost every habitat, from marine and freshwater environments to the soil and even in the bodies of plants and animals as parasites.

Mammals (Class Mammalia) are characterized by having a four-chambered heart, which allows for efficient separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, facilitating a high metabolic rate. While birds (Aves) also have a four-chambered heart, reptiles generally have a three-chambered heart (except for crocodiles, which have a four-chambered heart), and amphibians have a three-chambered heart. An interesting fact about mammals is that they are the only vertebrates with hair on their bodies and the ability to produce milk through mammary glands to feed their young.

A single paramecium has three nuclei. A large, macronucleus is essential for its survival, while one or two smaller micronuclei are necessary for sexual reproduction. Occasionally, two organisms will exchange nuclear material through conjugation, a form of sexual reproduction.

The phylum Echinodermata, which includes starfish, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers, is characterized by a unique water vascular system. This system is a network of hydraulic canals branching into tube feet that allow for locomotion, feeding, and gas exchange. Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Annelida do not have a water vascular system. An interesting fact about the water vascular system is that it operates based on hydraulic pressure, allowing echinoderms to move and manipulate objects in a coordinated manner despite lacking a brain.

The assertion is correct as the presence of a notochord at some stage in life is a defining characteristic of all chordates. The reason correctly explains the function of the notochord, which is to provide a scaffold for the developing nervous system and to act as a primary axial support structure in the embryonic stages of all chordates. This support is crucial for the body structure before the development of the vertebral column in vertebrates.

Cilia serve as the locomotory and feeding part of this unicellular organism. The sensitivity of paramecium to chemicals and other foreign bodies is still under research. Speaking about paramecium reproduction method, it has the ability to produce offspring by means of sexual and asexual reproduction.

In protozoans a pellicle is present in the ectoplasm which is composed of proteinaceous strips supported by dorsal and ventral microtubules. In many protozoans these protein strips can slide past one another, causing wriggling motion. This wriggling motion is called as metaboly or metabolic movement

Parazoa is the sub-kingdom in which multi-cellular organisms have less specialized cells than in the Metazoa.
Metazoa includes multicellular animals, having cells differentiated into tissues and organs and usually a digestive cavity.
Enterozoa includes animals, such as tapeworm or hookworm, that is parasitic in the intestine.
Bryozoa is the phylum which contains aquatic invertebrate. They ingest the food with the help of lophophore and they do not have a well-developed digestive cavity.
So, the correct answer is option B.

Arthropods, indeed, have an open circulatory system where the blood (or hemolymph) is not confined exclusively to blood vessels but flows freely through cavities in the body, bathing organs directly. This system allows for the distribution of nutrients and removal of waste products, albeit less efficiently than the closed circulatory systems found in higher organisms.

Echinoderms, such as starfish and sea urchins, indeed exhibit bilateral symmetry during their larval stages but transition to radial symmetry as adults. The reason provided, however, is not correct in this context. Bilateral symmetry is typically associated with mobility and a directed movement, which is beneficial for the larval stages that need to disperse. Sessile organisms, which do not move, often exhibit forms of symmetry that are not necessarily bilateral, as seen in adult echinoderms.

Nematodes, or roundworms, are indeed classified as pseudocoelomates because they possess a body cavity, known as a pseudocoel, which is not completely lined by tissue derived from mesoderm. The reason accurately explains what distinguishes pseudocoelomates from true coelomates, where the latter have a body cavity fully lined with mesoderm. This distinction is important for understanding the evolutionary relationships and functional anatomy of different animal groups.

The assertion is true as all sponges (Porifera) are sessile, meaning they are attached to a substrate and do not move around. The reason correctly explains one advantage of being sessile for filter feeders like sponges; it allows them to continuously filter water for food particles without expending energy on movement. This adaptation is particularly suited to their feeding strategy and habitat.

In evolutionary biology, parasitism is a relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.
Members of the phylum Sporozoa have simple body organisation due to their parasitic mode of life; all of them being endoparasitic and pathogenic.

The vector (tsetse fly) Trypanosomiasis is transmitted to man and animals by a blood sucking insect, the tsetse fly. Tsetse flies include all the species in the genus Glossina.

Euglena (a protist) is the connecting link between plants and animals.
It has chloroplasts from which it can synthesise it's food by photosynthesis.( Autotrophic)
On the other hand it has flagella for locomotion from which it can grasp it's food. (Heterotrophic).

Amphibians indeed have the ability to breathe through their skin, a process known as cutaneous respiration, which supplements lung breathing. This is possible due to their moist skin which allows gas exchange. However, the reason provided is not a direct explanation for this feature. While it's true that amphibians lack ribs and a diaphragm, which are important for lung ventilation in other animals, cutaneous respiration is more directly related to their life in both aquatic and terrestrial environments, allowing for gas exchange when submerged in water.

Moneran, any of the prokaryotes constituting the two domains Bacteria and Archaea. The monerans are distinct from eukaryotic organisms because of the structure and chemistry of their cells. As prokaryotes, they lack the definite nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (specialized cellular parts) of eukaryotic cells.

Cnidarians, such as jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones, indeed lack a centralized nervous system and instead possess a nerve net. This arrangement allows for the conduction of nerve impulses in multiple directions, enabling cnidarians to respond to stimuli from any direction. This diffuse system is suited to their radial symmetry and simple body plan, allowing for coordinated movements of their tentacles and body despite the absence of a brain or central nervous system.

Flatworms do exhibit cephalization, which is the evolutionary trend toward the concentration of sensory organs and nerve cells at the anterior end of the body, forming a head region. This feature is significant in the evolution of bilateral symmetry and is associated with a more active lifestyle and the need for directional movement. The reason correctly explains what cephalization is and why it is important, particularly for organisms with bilateral symmetry, like flatworms, as it allows for more efficient interaction with their environment.