Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs): Reproductive Health - NEET MCQ

• Contraceptive methods are not harmful.
• Natural methods of contraception aim to prevent the meeting of ovum and sperm in the fallopian tube.

Vasectomy is a surgical procedure where the male vasa deferentia are severed and then tied/sealed in a manner so as to prevent the sperm from entering into seminal stream thereby preventing fertilization.

• Lactational amenorrhea is the inability of a female to menstruate after parturition.
• This is the time when the female lactates extensively to support the growth and nourishment of the baby.
• Lack of menstruation removes the burden of blood loss and weakness and also acts as a measure to prevent another pregnancy before the baby is grown sufficiently to feed himself/herself.

Female condom is a mechanical contraceptive similar to condom used by male. It prevents the meeting of ovum with sperm as well as provide protection against STDs.

Cutting and tiding of fallopian tube to avoid pregnancy is called tubectomy. It is a surgical method of contraception. This method is used only when no more child is required in future.

MTP (Medical termination of pregnancy) was legalized in 1971 in India with exception of female feticides after sex determination using Ultrasonography or other means.

Menstruation can be deferred by the administration of combination of hormone estrogen and progesterone. Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone are produced during ovulation.

The correct answer is C: (b) and (d) only.

- (b) The released copper ions suppress sperm motility: Copper IUDs release copper ions that are toxic to sperm, reducing their motility, which is crucial for fertilization prevention.
- (d) IUDs suppress the fertilization capacity of sperm: IUDs create an environment that hinders sperm survival and fertilization, contributing to their contraceptive effectiveness.

Therefore, these two statements accurately reflect the mechanisms by which IUDs function as contraceptives.

- Saheli, an oral contraceptive, does not contain a steroidal preparation; it primarily consists of non-steroidal components.
- The assertion is false because Saheli is not a steroidal pill.
- The reason, stating that it is a "once a week" pill with minimal side effects, is true.
- Saheli's effectiveness is due to its non-hormonal mechanism, making it different from traditional oral contraceptives.
- Therefore, the correct answer is: Assertion is False but Reason is true.

The method in which male partner withdraws penis from vagina just before the ejaculation is called coitus interrupts. The meeting of ovum and sperm is avoided as sperms are not released.

The emergency contraceptives used to avoid possible pregnancy due to rape or unprotected sexual intercourse is a combination of progestogen and estrogen within 72 hours of sexual intercourse.

Contraceptive methods are practiced against natural reproductive events. They are generally used to prevent unwanted pregnancy or space between pregnancy. Use of contraceptive methods may cause nausea, abdominal pain, irregular menstrual bleeding etc.

Ideal contraceptive should be easily available, effective and reversible without no or least side effects. Condom is used to prevent unwanted pregnancy along with prevention against HIV infection. Surgical method of contraception is irreversible.

• Natural methods do not interfere with the normal functioning of the human system in any way.
• They do not rely on external devices or medications.
• Hence, they have least or no side-effects.
• However, they come up with high chances of failure.

Sometimes egg of female and sperm of male are able to produce but fallopian tube is either blocked or uterus is not capable of implantation. In this case, ovum collected from female and sperm collected from male is fertilized and transferred to another female called surrogate mother for further development.

In test tube baby programme, sperms and ovum are fertilized in laboratory condition to form zygote. If embryo is transferred up to 8 blastomeres, it is called zygote intra fallopian transfer(ZIFT). If embryo having more than 8 blastomeres, it is transferred to uterus called IUT.

Statutory ban on amniocentesis (a foetal sex determination test based on the chromosomal pattern in the amniotic fluid surrounding the developing embryo) for sex-determination to legally check increasing menace of female foeticides, massive child immunisation, etc., are some programmes that merit mention in this connection.

Statement (i) is correct as IUDs can be either non-medicated or medicated.
Statement (ii) is incorrect because an ideal contraceptive should not interfere in coitus.
Statement (iii) is correct as 'SAHELI' is known to have very few side effects.
Statement (iv) is correct as lactational amenorrhoea provides natural contraception up to six months post-partum.
Statement (v) is incorrect as removal of gonads (surgical sterilization) is effective but not typically considered the "best" method for all individuals.
So, statements (i), (iii), and (iv) are correct, totaling three.

To match the contraceptive methods with their descriptions:

- A: Non-medicated IUD - Lippes loop
- B: Copper releasing IUD - Multiload 375
- C: Hormone releasing IUD - LNG-20
- D: Implants - Progestogens

Therefore, the correct match is:
C: A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

This arrangement aligns the contraceptive methods with their respective descriptions accurately, ensuring the identification of each contraceptive method with its specific type.