Test: Crop Production & Management- 1

• The process of cutting the mature crop manually or by machine is called harvesting.
• In harvesting, crops are pulled out or cut close to the ground.

• Wind winnowing is an agricultural method developed by ancient cultures for separating grain from the chaff.
• It is also used to remove hay and chaff or other pests from stored grain.

The monsoon or rainy season in India is from June to September.

When plants of the same kind are grown and cultivated in one place on large scale, it is called a crop.
Example: Crop of wheat, crop of rice etc.

• The process of loosing and turning of the soil is called tilling or ploughing.
• This is done by using a plough, made up of wood or iron.

• Pulley system is traditional irrigation methods where water is lifted from wells or other water sources and crops are watered. This is done by using the pulley chain and human labour or animals.
• In the sprinkler system the perpendicular pipes, having rotating nozzles on top, are joined to the main pipeline at regular intervals. When water is allowed to flow through the main pipe under pressure with the help of a pump, it escapes from the rotating nozzles. It gets sprinkled on the crop as if it is raining.
• Lever system is traditional irrigation methods where human or animals are used to lift the water from its source. This is a less efficient method for irrigation.
• Drip irrigation is a much more controlled irrigation method. It works by exposing the roots to a direct supply of water. This method is facilitated by the use of drip emitters, which release water in a slow and steady fashion.

• Hoe is used to remove weeds and to loosen the soil. Hoe works like a blade.
• Axe is used to cut the trees. Plough is used for tilling the soil. The cultivator is used for ploughing.

Organic manure increases the holding capacity of the soil, gives humus to the soil, improves the texture of the soil. It also provides plant nutrients but it doesn't provide all the nutrients.

Those plants whose roots contain nodules in which nitrogen-fixing bacteria is present are called leguminous plants. It includes plants like beans, pulses, gram etc.

• The scattering of seeds by hand is the simplest method of sowing seeds. This method is also called broadcasting.
• This is the most economical method that can be employed. However the distribution of seeds is not uniform, it may result in clusters of seeds on the field.