Test: Science & Technology- 3

The Mars-500 mission was a psychosocial isolation experiment conducted between 2007 and 2011 by Russia, the European Space Agency and China, in preparation for an unspecified future manned space flight to the planet Mars. The experiment’s idea was to mimic the time scale of a MARS mission.

Hayabusa was an unmanned spacecraft developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). Its goal was to return a sample of material from a small near-Earth asteroid named 25143 Itokawa to Earth for further analysis.

Brown dwarfs are substellar objects too low in mass to sustain hydrogen-1fusion reactions in their cores. Red Dwarfs are cool but Brown Dwarfs are cooler than them and it is very large planet.

The asteroid belt is a doughnut-shaped concentration of many different sized asteroids between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, closer to the orbit of Mars. The asteroids orbit the Sun. The asteroid belt is not smooth but there are concentric gaps in it known as Kirkwood gaps.

The rings of Saturn is made up of many uneven particles. The ring particles are made almost entirely of water ice, with a trace component of rocky material. There is still no consensus as to their mechanism of formation.

NASA’s Swift satellite had uncovered in 2013, the previously unknown remains of a shattered star designated G306.3–0.9. The new object ranks among the youngest-known supernova remnants in our Milky Way Galaxy.

In a dark, starless patch of intergalactic space, astronomers have discovered a never-before-seen cluster of hydrogen clouds strewn between two nearby galaxies, Andromeda (M31) and Triangulum (M33).

One causal virus of gonorrhea has been detected which is more aggressive than HIV in spreading AIDS and is resistance to any antibiotic. Although no infected persons are yet detected with this virus.

A new species had been discovered in 2013 in Bhagvan Mahaveer Wildlife Sanctuary, Goa. Its name is Idionyx gomantakensis.

The space plane constructed by Richard Branson’s Spaceflight company, Virgin Galactic successfully completed to carry off people to space is called as Boeing X-37.

Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) is a Chinese space vehicle launch facility spaceport located in the Gobi desert, about 1,600 km from Beijing.

Natural uranium is 99.284% ²³⁸U isotope, with ²³⁵U only constituting about 0.711% of its weight. Enriched uranium is a type of uranium in which the percent composition of uranium-235 has been increased artificially through the process of isotope separation.

Holmium-166-chitosan complex for the treatment of knee and joint synovitis. The four naturally occurring isotopes of iron, iron-54, iron-56, iron-57, and iron-58 are used primarily as tracers in studies on blood. Arsenic -74 is used to detect the tumours in the human body. Phosphorus-32 is used in radiotherapy in cancer patients.

Param Padma, a supercomputer was introduced in April 2003. It had a peak speed of 1024 GFLOPS (about 1 TFLOP) and a peak storage of 1 TB.

Colossus was the world’s first electronic digital computer that was at all programmable. The Colossus computers were developed for British code breakers during World War II to help in thecryptanalysis of the Lorenz Cipher. Colossus was designed by the engineer Tommy Flowers.

Zero moment point is a concept related with dynamics and control of legged locomotion. ASIMO, Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility, is a humanoid robot designed and developed by Honda.

Neutrinos are tiny particles that carry no charge and interact very weakly with electrons and protons. NASA scientists have found that the giant black hole at the centre of the milkyway may be producing the mysterious high energy neutrinos.

Agni-1 is a surface to surface, nuclear weapons capable ballistic missile.

India is the first nation to successfully put spacecraft in Mars orbit in maident attempt. India is the 4^th nation in the world to have sent spacecraft to Mars. The other 3 nations are – The USA, Russia and European space agency.

GSLV is three staged vehicle equipped with solid propellant at first stage, liquid at second and cryogenic engine at third and PSLV is 4 marked by alternate solid and liquid busters.