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The fineness modulus of an aggregate is roughly proportional to:
Fineness modulus of an aggregate is an indicator of the mean size of particles. The coarser the particle, the higher the fineness modulus.
In which of the following during the emission of radioactive rays, no changes occur in the mass or charge?
The desirable length of overtaking zone as per IRC recommendation is equal to
Overtaking zones are provided when OSD cannot be provided throughout the length of the highway. These are zones dedicated for overtaking operation, marked with wide roads.
The desirable length of overtaking zones is 5 times OSD and the minimum is three times OSD.
Which force is required to maintain a body in Uniform circular Motion?
The maximum number of passenger cars that can pass a given point on a roadway during one hour under the most ideal roadway and traffic conditions, is called
Basic capacity: The basic capacity is the maximum numbers of passenger cars that can pass a given point on a lane or a roadway during one hour under the most ideal roadway and traffic conditions that can possibly be attained.
Possible capacity: It is the maximum number of vehicles that can pass a given point on a lane or roadway during one hour under the prevailing roadway and traffic conditions.
Practical Capacity: It is the maximum number of vehicles that can pass a given point on a lane or roadway during one hour with creating unreasonable delay under the prevailing roadway and traffic conditions.
Design capacity: it is the practical capacity or a smaller value determined for use in designing the highway to accommodate the design hourly volume.
Theoretical Capacity: It is the number of vehicles passing any point in one hour per lane.
Which quantum number is associated with the angular momentum of the electron?
l = n - 1
3. The energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom is affected by a strong magnetic field and the quantum number which describes this magnetic effect is called magnetic quantum number. It is denoted by ml.
4. Denoted by ms, the spin quantum number is associated with the intrinsic angular momentum of the electron.
The average pan coefficient of the standard USWB class A pan evaporimeter used for evaporation is
In order to convert pan evaporation value into lake evaporation value a pan coefficient is used.
Lake evaporation = Pan Coefficient (Cp) × Pan Evaporation
A maximum number of vehicles can be parked at 90o parking angle.
This 90o parking angle causes obstruction to the road traffic particularly if the road width is less. But, it can accommodate the maximum number of vehicles for a given kerb length.
Which electronic components were used in Fifth Generation Computers?
Fifth Generation (Present and Future):
Notes:
Which of the following is not an example of a biomass energy source?
Energy resources can be classified into two categories:
Renewable energy resources are natural resources which can be regenerated continuously and are inexhaustible. They can be used again and again in an endless manner. Examples are Wood, Solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, tidal energy, geothermal energy, Biomass Energy etc.
Non-Renewable energy resources are natural resources which cannot be regenerated once they are exhausted. They cannot be used again. Examples are Oil, Coal, petroleum, natural gas, nuclear fuels etc.
Who among the following authored the book 'The Golden Threshold'?
Let F1 and F2 be the force between two bodies separated by a distance d and 2d respectively. Then F2/F1 is
Newton’s law of gravitation states that each body in this universe attracts every other body with a force, which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centres. The direction of the force is along the line joining the particles.
The method in which disposal of refuse is carried out by burning it at high temperature in the presence of oxygen
Incineration is a method in which disposal of refuse is carried out by burning it at high temperature either in presence of oxygen.
Composting is the method of disposal of refuse, in which decomposition can be carried out either in presence or absence of oxygen.
Pyrolysis is a method in which the disposal of refuse is carried out by burning it at high temperature either in absence of oxygen.
Pulverization refers to the action of crushing and grinding of heavier solids into the lighter solids.
Shredding refers to the action of cutting and tearing of heavier solids into the lighter solids.
While adjusting the tilting level which one of the following is considered as the principal line?
Adjustment of Tilting Level:
Principal line:
Adjustment of WYE Level:
Magnesia:
A good brick earth should contain a small quantity of magnesia (about 1%)
Magnesium in brick earth imparts yellow tint to the brick.
It is responsible for reducing shrinkage
Excess of magnesia leads to the decay of bricks.
Consider the following:
1. Carbon dioxide 2. Oxides of Nitrogen 3. Oxides of Sulphur
Which of the above is/are the emission/emission from coal combustion at thermal power plants?
Which one of the following is an example of a determinate structure?
Beam overhanging on both side
Ds = 0
Fixed beam
Ds = 3
Continuous beam
Ds = 3
Two – hinged arch
Hence, overhanging beam would be determinate structure.
Mat thickness, during asphalt pavement construction through asphalt paver, is controlled by
Screed:
The "floating" screed is free to pivot about its pin connections. This pin connected tow-arm arrangement enables the screed to be self-leveling and gives it the ability to compensate for irregularities in the underlying surface.
Mat thickness, which is controlled by the screed or the screed can be tied to a specified grade using sensor tracing a straight line.
If the net amount of irrigation is 8 cm and field efficiency is 75%, the gross amount of water to be applied to the field will be
Gross Irrigation Requirement, GIR =
The gross amount of water to be applied to the field will be
Who among the following has won Australian Open Men’s Singles 2019 title at Melbourn?
Which country has become the 124th member of the International Criminal Court (ICC)?
The actual velocity for mouthpiece is found to be 9 m/s and the coefficient of velocity is 0.855, then the theoretical velocity for mouthpiece will be
Coefficient of velocity for mouthpiece, Cv =
Therefore,
Theoretical velocity =
Theoretical velocity =
Theoretical velocity = 10.5 m/s
The rotational effect of an applied force can be measured by ________.
The maximum shear stress in a beam of circular cross-section with radius R is given as (F = shear force)
So, shear stress distribution across a circular section is parabolic.
With the increase of y, the shear stress decreases.
At y = R, τ = 0
At y = 0, τ = τ max
So, at neutral axis, the shear stress is maximum.
When the USB is connected to a system, its root hub is connected to the _________.
USB root hub is the software driver that connects multiple USB peripherals to the computer. Root hub is connected to the processor through Bus.
If the rate of change of radial acceleration of the transition curve is 30 cm/sec3, the radius is 200 m and the velocity is 14 m/sec. The length of the transition curve is:
Length of transition curve is given by:
C = rate of change of radial acceleration = 30 m/sec3
Function of Lateral ties-
1. to resist buckling and strengthen bond.
2. to bind longitudinal reinforcement and proper distribution of concrete.
Providing lateral ties at the proper spacing confines concrete (like gripping the concrete enclosed between the lateral ties) thereby preventing pieces of failed concrete from falling away.
The transverse reinforcing bars are provided to ensure that every longitudinal bar nearest to the compression face has effective lateral support against buckling.
In an element the complimentary shear stress is always equal in magnitude but opposite in sign.
Concept:
Consider a rectangular block ABCD as displayed in following figure. Now assume a set of shear stresses (τ) of opposite direction, as displayed in following figure, is applied over the opposite surfaces of rectangular block i.e. AB and CD.
If we consider the effect of this set of shear stresses (τ) of opposite direction, we can easily say that there will be zero net force acting over the rectangular block but there will be one couple acting over the rectangular block in clockwise direction.
In order to balance the rectangular block, there must be one more couple of similar intensity acting over the rectangular block in opposite direction i.e. in anti-clockwise direction. Therefore, there will be one more set of shear stresses (τ’) of same intensity acting over the rest two opposite surfaces of rectangular block and this set of shear stresses will be termed as complementary shear stress.
Benefits of the ribbed slab
These slabs are more flexible, light in weight, floor depth is very thin, excellent vibration control, good thermal insulation can be achieved, durable, acoustically insulated, and fire resistance. These slabs are generally used in a plain ceiling.
Therefore, all of the given options are correct.
A drainage canal discharges 0.2 m3/sec of water from 250 hectares area, the drainage coefficient of the land will be
Drainage Co-efficient (D.C)
The depth of water drained off from a given area in 24 hours is called the drainage co-efficient or it can be defined as the design capacity of the drainage system and is typically expressed as a depth of water removed in 24 hours.
D.C.= 6.912 × 10−3m = 6.912mm
Therefore, the drainage coefficient of the land will be 7 mm.
If fck and fy are characteristic strength of concrete and yield stress of steel respectively and Es is the modulus of elasticity of steel, the ultimate flexural strain in concrete can be taken as
At certain depth, the fibers would have reached the strain of 0.002 and the stress of 0.446fck.
On further increasing the load, the strain will ultimately reach to the value of 0.0035.
Beyond this strain, the concrete is believed to fail. So, once the extreme fibers fail, the cracks will develop, which leads to the weakening of the section and leading to failure of the structure.
In a Newmark’s chart for stress distribution, there are 10 concentric circle and 20 radial lines. The influence factor for the chart would be
Newmark's Chart consists of a number of concentric circles and radial lines, which divides the chart into different area units, the influence of which is the same at the centre of that chart.
Since the influence of each area, the unit is the same at the centre, so the influence of each area unit will be =
where m = number of a concentric circle and n = number of radial lines.
Therefore, Influence factor =
In which type of flooring the base concrete of lime or cement concrete of mix 1 : 5 : 10 is laid over well-compacted sub base?
In terrazzo flooring and cement concrete flooring the base course may be
The base course is laid over well compacted soil, compacted properly and levelled to rough surface.
Table showing different tests to find different property:
__________ is a combination of an electronic theodolite and an electronic distance meter.
Total station is a combination of an electronic theodolite and an electronic distance meter.
The combination makes it possible to determine the coordinates of a reflector by aligning the instruments cross-hairs on the reflector.
Simultaneously it can measure vertical and horizontal angle and slope distance.
A microprocessor in the instrument take care of the recordings, readings, and other computations.
If one end of a hinged column is made fixed and the other free, how much is the critical load compared to the original value?
When one end of the hinged column is fixed and other free. New Le = 2L
∴ New load
Pan Type Concrete Mixers:
Pan type mixers consists a circular pan in which concrete is mixed. The mixing is done by blades which are arranged in star shape inside the pan.
There are two types of pan mixers are available.
1. The one in which, the circular pan is constant and only star blades rotate about vertical axis of pan.
2. The one in which circular pan rotates while the blades are at static position.
In both the cases, the mixing is efficient and concrete mixture is collected through central hole provided in the pan.
The rotating star blades contains special blades called scrapper blades which will make concrete not to stick to the pan.
Which of the following chemical compounds is used for causing acid rain?
The minimum grade of plain concrete in sea-water or exposed directly along the sea coast shall be at least:
Concrete in Sea-water (as per IS 456: 2000)
Concrete in sea-water or exposed directly along the sea-coast shall be at least M 20 Grade in the case of plain concrete and M 30 in case of reinforced concrete. The use of slag or pozzolana cement is advantageous under such conditions.
Which of the following folk/tribal dances is associated with Karnataka?
Yakshagana is a popular folk-theatre form of Karnataka with a long history of nearly four hundred years. It is a unique harmony of musical tradition, eye-catching costumes, and authentic styles of dance, improvised gestures and acting with its extemporaneous dialogue appealing to a wide range of the community. It is a vibrant and vigorous living form of theatre art.
The intensity of light is ________ due to constructive interference.
Which Pass connects the Kashmir valley with the Deosai Plains of Ladakh?
A toggle key toggles the input from other keys on the keyboard between different input modes.
What is the tagline for ‘Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana’?
A computer Virus is a malicious software that, when executed replicates itself by modifying other computer programs.
The full of VIRUS is Vital Information Recourse Under Siege, because they replicate and multiply and use up computer memory processing power with fake repetitive commands. It causes the system to become slow and keeps hanging.
Out of the constituents of cement namely, tricalcium silicate (C2S), dicalcium silicate (C2S), tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and tetracalcium alumina ferrite (C4AF), which has the highest rate of hydration:
The rate of hydration out of four Bogue's compounds in descending order is given below: C4AF, C3A, C3S, C2S.
Note:
This question is about the rate of hydration and not the heat of hydration.
The rate of hydration is highest for C4AF and heat of hydration is highest for C3A.
The average crushing and tensile strength of hand molded bricks in kN/m2 is:
The average crushing strength and tensile strength of hand molded bricks are 60,000 kN/m2 and 2000 kN/m2 respectively. The shearing strength of bricks is about one-tenth of the crushing strength
A suspension bridge with a two-hinged stiffening girder is statically indeterminate of one degree.
A suspension bridge with a three-hinge stiffening girder is statically determinate.
For determining the ultimate bearing capacity of soil the recommended size of square bearing plate used in the plate load test is 30-75 cm with a minimum thickness of:
Shape and size of the plate load test are given below:
The equivalent stiffness of two springs of stiffness S1 and S2 joined in series is given by:
Equivalent stiffness of spring for series combination:
Equivalent stiffness of spring for parallel combination:
Seq = S1 + S2
Which of the following instruments is not connected with stream flow measurement?
Generally, three methods are used for making stream flow measurements:
i) Current meter.
ii) Dilution techniques.
iii) Indirect methods.
The new modern techniques for stream flow measurement are:
i) Electromagnetic flow meter
ii) Sounding weight
iii) Echo-depth recorder
Hygrometer is an instrument used for measuring the amount of humidity and water vapour in the atmosphere, soil and in confined spaces.
If the permissible compressive stress in concrete in bending for M30 grade of concrete is 10 N/mm2, then modular ratio will be
As per IS : 456-2000, modular ratio is given by
For M30 concrete
σcbc = 10 N/mm2
Chlorofluorocarbons which damage the ozone layer of the atmosphere are not used in which of the following?
Intensity of level of noise is denoted by “Decibel”
Dimensions are measured in meters, centimetres etc.
Force is measured in Newtons
Luminous intensity is measured in candela.
Presence of fluoride in water greater than the permissible level of 1.5 mg/L causes
Presence of fluoride in water greater than permissible limit of 1.5 mg/lit causes dental fluorosis. Only children are affected. The fluoride in water greater than 5 mg/lit causes deformation of bones.
Methemoglobinemia (Blue baby disease) is caused by excess of nitrates in water. Nitrate is not harmful as it is fully oxidized. The permissible limit of nitrate is 45 mg/lit. High quantities of copper are likely to affect human lungs and other respiratory organs.
When KMnO4 is added in water for the purpose of disinfection, which color appear in the water
Disinfection with KMnO4
Maximum spacing of shear reinforcement measured along the axis of the member for vertical shear shall not exceed the lesser of:
According to IS 456:2000, clause 26.5.1.5,
The maximum spacing of shear reinforcement measured along the axis of the member shall not exceed 0.75 d for vertical stirrups where d is the effective depth of the section under consideration. In no case shall the spacing exceed 300 mm.
The commercially successful fibres in fibre reinforced concrete are of:
Conventional concrete is modified by random dispersal of particles of short discrete fibres. These fibres may be of steel, glass, carbon, asbestos etc. Such concrete is known as fibre reinforced concrete. Asbestos cement fibres so far have proved to be commercially successful.
If the depth of flow in a channel is 1 m and the velocity of the flow is 2 m/sec, then the velocity at which elementary wave can travel upstream is:
Velocity at which elementary wave can travel upstream (Vu/s) = C – V
Where,
C = celerity =
y = depth of flow
Vu/s = 3.132 – 2 = 1.132 m/s
Which among the following is/are output devices?
I. Scanner
II. Speaker
III. Plotter
An input device is any hardware device that sends data to a computer, allowing you to interact with and control it.
An output device is any hardware that sends data from a computer to another device mostly in form of audio or video.
The electrostatic precipitator is one of the most widely used collection devices for particulates. An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is a particulate collection device that removes particles from a flowing gaseous stream (such as air) using the force of an induced electrostatic charge.
ESP can be operated at high temperature and pressures, and its power requirement is low. An electrostatic precipitator is a type of filter (dry scrubber) that uses static electricity to remove soot and ash from exhaust fumes before they exit the smokestacks.
Which of the following is used in the form of an electrolyte of the dry cell (battery)?
A hydraulic jump occurs at the spillway. The depth before the jump is 0.2 m. The sequent depth is 3.2 m.
What is the energy dissipated in m (approximate)?
The energy dissipation is given by
= 10.55 m
The phenomenon of removal of material from the foundation of structure through seepage water is called as
When high hydraulic gradients exist, there is a possibility that the seeping water may cause internal erosion within the dam, especially if the soil is poorly compacted.
Erosion of soil material can work its way back into the embankment, creating voids in the form of channels or ‘pipes’, and thus impairing the stability of the dam.
This form of erosion of soil material from the foundation of structure is referred to as piping and occurs when water flow upwards resulting in zero effective stress.
It is the phenomenon seen in cohesionless soil which loses its shear strength due to high upward hydraulic gradient.
The piping failure in a hydraulic structure can be prevented by-
i. Increasing the stress due to weight of the structure
ii. Increasing the creep length of the flow of water
iii. By introducing inverted filter on downstream side
The minimum width to be provided for a staircase for the educational building is:
Minimum Width Provisions for Stairways
The following minimum width provisions shall be made for each stairway
Which layer of the atmosphere has the maximum concentration of Ozone gas?
Mechanical removal of garbage - Screening
Settling of BOD and other wastes due to gravity – Primary Settling
Settling of biomass – Secondary Settling
Biochemical degradation - Activated Sludge
The settling of biomass is generally done in the secondary settling tank.
The velocity potential function is given by ϕ = 2(x2 - y2). The velocity component at the point (-1, 4) will respectively be
Given:
Velocity component can be written as
Therefore, the velocity component will be
u = 4 units
v = 16 units
The increase in moisture of sand increases the volume of sand and is known as bulking of sand.
Reason for the bulking of sand
If unit load moves from left to right on the Simply supported beam, the nature of ILD for the reaction is:
In order to draw ILD for Reactions at any support, first we have to remove the support and then have to give unit displacement at that support. The corresponding deflected shape of the beam is the ILD for reaction at that support as shown in figure:
Let the unit load moves from the left end A to the right end B of the beam.
Rigging System:
A crane is designed to pick or lift a load by means of a hoisting mechanism using ropes.
The load must be properly attached to the crane by a rigging system.
To properly attach the load, it is necessary to determine the forces that will affect the job.
Then to select and arrange the equipment that will move the load safely.
The forces involved in rigging will vary with the method of connection and the effects of motion.
The rigger must, by proper application of mechanical laws and by resolving load-movement-induced stresses, correctly determine the weight and center of gravity of the load.
An object of weight 49 N is accelerated across a level surface at 0.20 m/s2. The net force acting on the object is (g = 9.8 m/s2)
W = mg
49 = m × 9.8
m = 5 kg
Net Force = ma = 5 × 0.2 = 1.0 N
The maximum principal strain theory failure of a material at the elastic limit is also known as
The different theory of failures used in designing strength of materials are:
Maximum Principal stress theory (Rankine’s Theory)
Maximum shear stress theory (Guest – Tresca’s Theory)
Maximum Principal strain (Saint Venant’s Theory) Theory
Total strain energy per unit volume (Haigh’s Theory) Theory
Shear strain energy per unit volume Theory (Von – Mises & Hencky’s Theory)
When a tree is felled it contains about 50% or more of its dry weight as water.
So it becomes necessary to remove water from it for engineering use.
The process of drying timber efficiently is known as the seasoning of timber.
Natural Seasoning of Timber:
Natural seasoning is the process in which timber is seasoned by subjecting it to the natural elements such as air or water.
Natural seasoning takes nearly 4 - 6 months for felled trees.
An identified source of irrigation water has ion concentrations of Na+, Ca++ and Mg++ as 28, 12 and 20 milliequivalents per litre, respectively. The SAR of this water is approximate:
SAR =
The strongest concrete among the given ratio is 1 : 2 : 4, i.e. concrete mix proportion for M15. This is because for 6 bags of sand and coarse aggregate, one bag of cement is used to prepare the mix. Which is stronger than 1 : 5 : 10, 1 : 4 : 8 (M5) and 1 : 3 : 6 (M10) mix.
1 : 5 : 10 – 1 bag of cement for 15 bags of aggregate – weakest
1 : 4 : 8 – 1 bag of cement for 12 bags of aggregate
1 : 3 : 6 – 1 bag of cement for 9 bags of aggregate
1 : 2 : 4 – 1 bag of cement for 6 bags of aggregate – strongest
Which of the following is removed through the process of aeration?
Aeration of water is employed to remove the various dissolved gases like carbon dioxide and oxidizes metals like iron, manganese, hydrogen sulphide, and volatile organic chemicals (VOCs).
Slump is a test to measure the plasticity of concrete.
Slump test is the most commonly used method of measuring consistency of concrete which can be employed either in laboratory or at site of work.
It is not a suitable method for very wet or very dry concrete.
For a uniform flow depth of 2 m in a rectangular open channel having a width of 4 m and a bed slope of 0.0016, Manning’s coefficient is found to be 0.02. The velocity of the channel is
Velocity in an open channel is given by
where
n = Manning’s Coefficient
R = Hydraulic radius = (Wetted Area/ Wetted Perimeter)
S = Bed Slope
In Froude model law, the scale ratio for velocity (i.e. Vm/Vp) will be (Consider Lr = Lm/Lp)
In Froude Model law,
Scale ratio for velocity (Vr = Vm/Vp) = (Lr)0.5
Scale ratio for time, Tr = (Lr)0.5
Scale ratio for discharge, Qr = (Lr)2.5
Scale ratio for Force, Fr = (Lr)3
Scale ratio for Power, Pr = (Lr)3.5
Which is/are an abiotic component?
I. Sunlight
II. Plants
III. Water
IV. Animals
V. Soil
VI. Insects
The natural environment components can be classified into two
Abiotic components
These components are not living but can support other living organisms. Some kinds of such organisms are given below:
Biotic components
The area in which life is possible is called as a biosphere. All living organism in the biosphere depends upon one another and these organisms exist in the biosphere forming the following community.
So for the given conditions:
Polar moment of inertia of a hollow shaft having D and d as outer and inner diameters is given by:
Polar moment of inertia of Solid cylinder:
Polar moment of inertia of Hollow Cylinder:
Which one of the following polymeric materials is used for making bulletproof jackets?
The horizontal angle that a line makes with the magnetic meridian is called:
True meridian: Line or plane passing through geographical north pole and geographical south pole.
Magnetic meridian: When the magnetic needle is suspended freely and balanced properly, unaffected by magnetic substances, it indicates a direction. This direction is known as magnetic meridian. The angle between the magnetic meridian and a line is known as magnetic bearing or simple bearing of the line.
Which of the following coarse aggregate require minimum cement paste?
Aggregates with minimum surface area require less cement for binding.
Rounded aggregates have the minimum surface area for a given volume.
However, concrete prepared from rounded aggregates is relatively weaker than that prepared from angular aggregates.
The ratio of D60 and D10 sieve sizes in the sieve analysis of granular material is called
Coefficient of Uniformity / Uniformity Coefficient:
It is defined as the ratio of D60 and D10 sieve sizes in sieve analysis of granular material.
Higher is the value of Cu larger is the range of the particle size.
For uniformly graded soil, Cu = 1
For well graded sand, Cu > 6
For well graded gravel Cu > 4
Coefficient of Curvature / Curvature Coefficient:
For well graded soil, 1 < Cc < 3
For gap graded soil, 1 < Cc or Cc > 3
where
D60 = size at 60% finer by weight
D30 = size at 30% finer by weight
D10 = size at 10% finer by weight = Effective size
An increase in which of the following gases leads to global warming?
Cavitation in centrifugal pumps
Proper cleaning of filter with caustic soda can avoid the problem of ______ in the rapid sand filter.
To avoid Mud Ball Formation:
To avoid the operational problem of mud ball formation in rapid sand filter, the filter is properly cleaned with caustic soda.
To avoid Air Binding:
Proper cleaning of filter should be done when
The Gross Domestic Product of a country is defined as which among the following?
CTRL + D closes the command line shell. This sends an EOF (End of file) marker to shell, and shell exits when it receives this marker. This is similar to running the exit command.
In chain surveying, following lines are used
Base Lines:
It is main and longest line, which passes approximately through the center of the field.
All the other measurements to show the details of the work are taken with respect of this line.
Check Line:
A check line also termed as a proof line is a line joining the apex of a triangle to some fixed points on any two sides of a triangle.
A check line is measured to check the accuracy of the framework. The length of a check line, as measured on the ground should agree with its length on the plan.
Tie or subsidiary lines:
A tie line joints two fixed points on the main survey lines.
It helps to checking the accuracy of surveying and to locate the interior details.
The position of each tie line should be close to some features, such as paths, building etc.
Which of the following is an operating system?
I. Ubuntu
II. Linux
III. Unix
Ubuntu, Linux, Unix, Microsoft Windows and macOS all fall under the category of operating systems.
An Operating system is basically a low-level system software and an important program that runs on every computer. Its basic function is to perform basic tasks such as controlling peripherals, managing computer software and hardware resources, keeping track of directories and files in the storage drive, sending output to the display and more.
Ramon Magsaysay Award is named after the former President of ________.
Gagan started a business and Michael joined him after 2 months. Gagan spent Rs. 15000 while Michael spent Rs. 27,000. Their one year profit came out to Rs. 5000. How much profit will Gagan get?
Ratio of profit = 15000×12 : 27000×10
= 2:3
Profit of gagan = 2/(2+3) * 5000 = 2000
Kawal Tiger Reserve is located at Jannaram mandal of Mancherial District in Telangana state of India.
The design sharing and bearing strength of an ordinary black bolt are 60 kN and 90 kN respectively. If the factored load is 360 kN, the number of bolts required will be
Bolt value = 60 kN (minimum value of the design shearing and bearing strength)
Hence, number of bolts required = 360/60 = 6
Maximum abrasion value for a base course in WBM with bituminous surfacing is
Rankine’s formula provides the guidance on the minimum depth of foundation based on bearing capacity of the soil.
Therefore, the depth of the foundation can be expressed as
Where, Df = minimum depth of foundation, qu= ultimate bearing capacity of the soil, γ = density of soil, φφ = angle of repose or internal friction of soil.
Which of the following living beings is most likely to produce greenhouse gases?
Green plants are most likely to produce greenhouse gases.
An illness that begins when large amounts of nitrates in water are ingested by an infant and converted to nitrite by the digestive system. The nitrite then reacts with oxy-haemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying blood protein) to form metheglobin, which cannot carry oxygen. If a large enough amount of metheglobin is formed in the blood, body tissues may be deprived of oxygen, causing the infant to develop a blue coloration of their mucous membranes and possibly digestive and respiratory problems. This condition is also known as methemoglobinemia.
No deductions is made in the masonry for the openings if the area of the opening does not exceed.
No deduction is made for following masonry works measurements:
(1) Opening each up to 1000sq cm 0.1 square meter
(2) Ends of beams, post, rafters, etc. up to 500 sq.cm or 0.05 sq.m in section.
(3) Bed plate, wall plate, bearing of balcony (chajja) and the like up to 10 cm depth. Bearing of floor and roof slabs are not deducted from masonry.
The maximum permissible degree of curve for B.G. track in hilly area should be
The maximum degree of curve permissible is
10° on the broad gauge,
16° on the meter gauge, and
40° on the narrow gauge.
Which of the following is the main constituent of Biogas after Methane?
Maximum camber recommended by IRC is 4% (on the earth surface in heavy rainfall region). If the calculated camber is more than 4% it is limited to the recommended value.
As per IRC-SP:73-2007
Which of the following is used to retrieve the information through URL (e.g. http://XYZ.com) on the world wide web?
The major pollutant that may cause damage to prestigious monument Taj Mahal is
1. Sulphur dioxide is responsible for causing damage to the prestigious monument Taj Mahal.
2. It also gets dull due to mineral impurities present in the marble get oxidised and create brown stains.
3. The Air Pollution Monitoring Laboratory at Agra has found that the level of air pollutants such as Sulphur-di-oxide and Nitrous oxide gases - are generally responsible for turning Taj Mahal yellow.
4. It happens due to a large number of power plants and industries structured around Taj Mahal.
The workability of Ready-Mix Concrete shall be within the limits on the specified value for slump test as
As per IS 4926:2003, clause 6.2
The work ability shall be within the following limits on the specified value as appropriate:
Slump:
+ 25 mm or + 1/3 of the specified value, whichever is less.
Compacting factor:
± 0.03, where the specified value is 0.90 or greater,
± 0.04, where the specified value is less than 0.90 but more than 0.80, and
± 0.05, where the specified value is 0.80 or less.
The tensile strength of wood parallel to grains is about…………………. times its compressive strength, parallel to the grains.
The compressive strength of wood parallel to grains ranges from 30-75 MPa and tensile strength varies from 85-190 MPa, which is nearly 3 times its compressive strength.
Which one of the following statements include the principle of surveying?
There are two fundamental principles of surveying, these are:
1) To work from whole to the part
2) To fix the positions of new stations by at least two methods
The home page is the first page that we see when a website is opened on the web browser. It is also called the start page or the main page, though home page is a more commonly used name. It is generally made attractive and contains various hyperlinks to different pages within the web site to attract visitors to its site. Some web sites require users to login to the web site to access the home page.
Fly ash, also known as "pulverised fuel ash" is a coal combustion product composed of fine particles that are driven out of the boiler with the flue gases in thermal power plant.
In January 2019, Krishna Sobti passed away. She was a famous ________.
In a hot bituminous plant, while liquid asphalt is combined with the aggregate for mixing, the temperature of the asphalt should be in the range of
When liquid asphalt is combined with the aggregate for mixing, the temperature of the asphalt should be in the range of 300°F.
Drum and batch plants are the two most common plant types for hot-mixed asphalt. Therefore, both drum mix and batch plants have heating systems to keep the liquid asphalt at the required temperature.
If asphalt is delivered at a cooler temperature, the system must be capable of raising the temperature of the delivered asphalt cement.
The two methods commonly used for heating liquid asphalt are the direct fire and the hot oil processes.
What is the total degree of indeterminacy both internal and external of the plane frame shown below?
Static Indeterminacy (DS)
DS = Dse + Dsi
Dse = External static indeterminacy
Dsi = Internal static indeterminacy
Dse = Re – R
Where
Re = Total number of independent support reaction
R = Total number of available equations of static equilibrium
Dsi = 3 × C - Rr
where
C = number of closed loops
Rr = total number of internal reactions released.
Alternative
Ds = 3 × C – R’
Where,
C = number of cuts required to make it cantilever beam.
R’ = number of reactions applied to make all joints rigid and number of restrained required to make the hinged joint rigid (m - 1)
m = number of members meeting at the hinge
C = 7
R’ = 2 × (m - 1)
R’ = 2 × (4 - 1)
R’ = 6
∴ Ds = 3 × 7 – 6
Ds = 15
Alternative
Dse = 3 × 4 – 3
Dse = 9
Dsi = 3 × 4 – (2 × 3)
Dsi = 12 – 6 = 6
Ds = Dse + Dsi
= 9 + 6
= 15
Which of the following equipment used in compaction below the surface uses the principle of kneading action?
Compaction of the soil in the field can be achieved through the action of pressure, impact, vibration or kneading.
Sheepsfoot Rollers:
These are surface rollers that apply the principle of kneading action to affect compaction below the surface.
They are suitable for all types of soil but are preferred for cohesive soil.
Smooth Wheeled Roller:
These are surface rollers that apply the principle of pressure action to affect compaction below the surface.
These are suitable for the compaction of cohesionless soil.
Rammers:
These are equipment that applies the principle of impact action to affect compaction below the surface.
They are suitable for all types of soil but are preferred for cohesionless soil.
Vibrators:
These are surface rollers that apply the principle of vibration action to affect compaction below the surface.
These are suitable for the compaction of cohesionless soil.
It is the best method used for the compaction of the sand.
A set of programs which enables computer hardware and software to work together is called
System software is a type of computer program that is designed to run a computer's hardware and application programs. If we think of the computer system as a layered model, the system software is the interface between the hardware and user applications.
The value of the property during its useful life based on the purchase value and depreciation etc. is known as:
Book value is the value of asset recorded on the accounting books of the firm at a given time period. It is generally calculated at the end of each year. Book value at the end of a given year equals the initial cost less the total depreciation amount till that year.
Salvage value represents estimated market value of the asset at the end of its useful life. It is the expected cash inflow that the owner of the asset will receive by disposing it at the end of useful life.
Useful life represents the expected number of years the asset is useful in terms of generating revenue. The asset may still be in working condition after the useful life but it may not be economical. Useful life is also known as depreciable life. The asset is depreciated over its useful life. Scrap Value implies that the asset has no further useful life.
The fore bearing of line AB is 50°. The included angle ABC is 240°. The FB of line BC is:
FB of forward line = FB of backward line + included angle;
If sum is more than 180°, deduct 180°
If sum is more than 540°, deduct 540°
If sum is less than 180°, add 180°
FB of line BC = 50 + 240 = 290°. Sum is more than 180°, hence deducting 180°, we get FB of line BC = 290- 180 = 110°.
Deduction at the L-junction of the wall for the total length of the central line is __________.
In the Centre-line method at the L-joint area will be calculated twice when take-off quantity. So, this area should be deducted once from the measurement when take-off quantity. But there is no reduction in at the L-junction of a wall for the total length of the central line in this method.
Which mirror is used by doctors to examine the eyes, ears, nose, and throat?
Acceleration due to the gravity of the Earth:
When a body is dropped from a certain height above the ground, it begins to fall towards the earth under gravity. The acceleration produced in the body due to gravity is called the acceleration due to gravity. It is denoted by g. Its value close to the Earth’s surface is 9.8 m/s2.
Variation in acceleration due to gravity:
The value of g varies from place to place on the surface of the earth.
Variation in g with height or altitude:
G decreases on going up a height h above the surface of the earth.
Variation in g with depth:
Value of g decreases as we go down below the surface of the earth.
The laying of the impervious layer which protects the bed and sides of the canal is called canal lining. The lining of the canal is necessary for the following reasons:
(a) to minimise the seepage losses through the bed and sides of the canal.
(b) to prevent scouring and erosion of bed and sides of the canal due to high velocity of flood water at the time of heavy rainfall.
(c) increase the discharge in the canal section by increasing the velocity.
(d) to prevent the growth of weeds along the bed and sides of the canal.
(e) to increase the command area
Putty is made by mixing a base of whiting (finely ground chalk) with linseed oil in various proportions.
The art of dressing of edges of timber pieces so as to make them straight and square with the face is called _______
The following are the technical terms commonly used in carpentry
Approximately what percentage of water supplied in the community enter into the sanitary sewerage system?
Sanitary sewage is mostly the spent water of the community draining into the sewer system.
It has been observed that a small portion of spent water is lost in evaporation, seepage in ground, leakage, etc.
Usually 80% of the water supply may be expected to reach the sewers.
The minimum edge distance in member with a rolled edge (for bolted hand cut connection) is approximately
Specification for pitch of bolts or rivets
1. Minimum pitch and minimum gauge length
= {2.5 × nominal diameter of the bolt
2. Minimum end and edge distance
3. Maximum end and edge distance
= {12 × t × ϵ,
Where, ϵ =
fy = yield stress
t = thickness of thinner plate
When temperature increases, viscosity of the soil __________ where its permeability_________
Permeability (k) =
As we know, with increase in temperature viscosity of fluid decreases (Soil contains water inside its pores), so overall viscosity of soil reduces.
Further, Viscosity of soil is inversely proportional to its permeability from the above relation. Therefore, with decrease in viscosity of soil, permeability increases.
"Forests" is listed in the _________ list given in the Seventh Schedule in the Constitution of India.
Through the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 five subjects were transferred from State to Concurrent List. They are: 1. Education 2. Forests 3. Weights & Measures 4. Protection of Wild Animals and Birds 5. Administration of Justice
Which of the following statement is correct about the value of acceleration due to gravity at the poles?
Drift method of Tunneling:
A drift is a small tunnel measuring 3 m x 3 m, which is driven into the rocks and whose section is expanded in the later processes till it acquire the size of the tunnel.
A number of drill holes are provided all around the drift and these are filled up with explosives and ignited so that the size of the drift expands to become equal to the required cross section of the tunnel.
Advantages:
(a) If the quality of the rock is bad or if it contains excessive water, this is detected in advance and corrective measures can then be taken in time.
(b) A drift assists in the ventilation of tunnels.
(c) The quantity of explosives required is less.
(d) A side drift allows the use of timber to support the roof.
Disadvantages:
(a) It is a time-consuming process, as the excavation of the main tunnel gets delayed till the drift is completed.
(b) The cost of drilling and removing the muck from the drift is high, as the work has to be done using manually operated power-driven equipment.
A soil sample has a porosity of 40 percent, its void ratio is
Given:
Porosity, η = 40%
Void, Ratio, e =
With a percentage increase of carbon in steel, decreases its ________.
Ductility is the ability of material to deform under stress. With increase in carbon content the strength, hardness and brittleness increases but the ductility and toughness decreases.
The Geological formations, that is porous but less permeable, contain water but transmits water at a slow rate is called as
Different types of geological formations:
1. Aquitard are porous but less permeable geological formations from which water cannot flow but instead sieves through it.
2. Aquifers are porous and permeable geological formations from which sufficient discharge can be extracted.
3. Aquiclude are porous but impermeable geological formations from which discharge cannot be extracted.
4. Aquifuge are neither porous nor permeable geological formations.
Head loss in a flowing fluid is experienced due to _____.
A. Friction at surface
B. Change of direction
C. Change of section of the passage
D. Obstruction in passage
The head loss represents the reduction in the total head or pressure of the fluid as it flows through a hydraulic system. The head loss that occurs in pipes is dependent on the flow velocity, the viscosity of the fluid, pipe diameter and length, changes in direction of the fluid and a friction factor based on the roughness of the pipe and the Reynolds number of the flow.
Which of the following decisive battles had established the dominion of the British in India?
The Battle of Buxarwas fought on 22-23 October 1764 between the forces under the command of the British East India Company led by Hector Munro and the combined armies of Mir Qasim, Nawab of Bengal till 1763; the Nawab of Awadh; and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam.
Which of the following properties of water is determined using ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid solution?
Eriochrome black T is used as an indicator while titrant is ethylene – di – amine – tetracetic acid (EDTA).
Principal rafter is the top chord member of truss and is subjected to compressive forces from loads transferred by purlins at the nodes. The rafters act as simple supported beams between the purlins, either with or without cantilever.
The amount of chlorine residue left in the chlorinated water is experimentally determine by the following test:
An area of 64 square kilometer is represented by 256 square centimeters on a map. The R. F. of the scale is
Representative Factor, RF is 256 cm2 = 64 cm2
Factor for measuring area is given by
Scaffolding:
Scaffolding is a temporary structure to support the original structure.
It is also used by the workers as a platform to carry on the construction works.
Types of scaffolding vary with the type of construction work.
Scaffolding is made up of timber or steel.
It should be stable and strong to support workmen and other construction material placed on it.
Bamboo is one of the most widely used and suitable material for scaffolding in India.
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