General Knowledge Mock Test - 6 - CDS MCQ

The smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties is an atom. Atoms are the building blocks of matter and cannot be further divided without losing their chemical properties.

Dmitri Mendeleev is credited with the development of the periodic table. He arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic weight and noticed a pattern of recurring properties.

The correct answer is Methanoic acid.

• The acid present in an ant sting is Formic acid.
• Formic acid (systematically called methanoic acid) is the simplest carboxylic acid.
• Molecular formula: HCOOH
• It is quite fatal for those ants as after stinging, their stinger is lost and they forcibly release formic acid from their poison gland.

Important Points

• Oxalic acid is an organic compound found in many plants. These include leafy greens, vegetables, fruits, cocoa, nuts, and seeds
• Lactic acid is a natural organic acid, found in milk and other food products such as meat and beer.
  • It is used in the food industry as a preservative, flavor enhancer, and acid adjustment.
• Citric acid is found naturally in citrus fruits, like lemons and limes.
  • It gives them their tart, sour taste.

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion. As we move from left to right in a period, the number of protons in the nucleus increases, which leads to a stronger pull on the electrons. Therefore, more energy is required to remove an electron from an atom, which means the ionization energy increases. Furthermore, the atomic radius decreases across a period, which means the electrons are closer to the nucleus and more tightly bound to it, further increasing the ionization energy. Hence, the ionization energy generally increases from left to right in a period.

Thomson's model of the atom, also known as the plum pudding model or Christmas pudding model, was proposed by J.J. Thomson in 1904. According to this model, the atom is composed of a positively charged "pudding" or sphere, with negatively charged electrons embedded within it like "plums" in a Christmas pudding. This model was later disproven by Rutherford's gold foil experiment, which led to the development of the modern atomic model known as the Rutherford model

Reduction is the gain of electrons during a chemical reaction.

Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust, making up about 8% of it. It is widely used in various industries due to its low density, corrosion resistance, and good electrical conductivity.

The reasoning behind this is that the force of gravity is weaker at higher altitudes compared to sea level. As you move higher up a mountain, you are farther away from the center of the Earth, which results in a slightly reduced gravitational pull. Since weight is the force exerted on an object due to gravity, the weight of the apple would decrease.

Therefore, if option A) decreased is considered correct, then the weight of an apple taken to the top of a mountain would decrease.

Pressure is defined as the force applied per unit area. It is the ratio of force to the area over which the force is distributed.

Applications of Ultrasonic Waves are: sending signals, for measuring the depth of sea, for cleaning cloths, aeroplanes, machinery parts of clocks, for removing lamp-shoot from the chimney of factories, in sterilizing of liquid and in Ultrasonography.

Ecology refers to the study of the relationships between organisms and their environment. It encompasses the interactions between living organisms (plants, animals, and microorganisms) and their physical surroundings (air, water, soil, and other factors).

Ability to colonize disturbed areas is a characteristic of a pioneer species. Pioneer species are the first organisms to colonize and establish themselves in barren or disturbed ecosystems, such as after a volcanic eruption or a wildfire. They are typically hardy and can tolerate harsh conditions, helping to prepare the environment for other species to follow.

Hinge joints, like the elbow and knee joints, allow movement in one plane (back-and-forth motion) and offer limited range compared to other joint types.

Alexander Graham Bell is credited with inventing the telephone. He was an inventor, scientist, and teacher of the deaf. Bell's work on the telephone was influenced by his research on telegraphy and speech. On March 10, 1876, Bell successfully transmitted the first intelligible telephone message to his assistant, Thomas Watson.

The function of a spectrophotometer is (b) measuring light intensity. A spectrophotometer is an instrument used to measure the amount of light absorbed or transmitted by a substance at various wavelengths. It is commonly used in chemistry and biology to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution by measuring the intensity of light absorbed or transmitted by the sample.

Gases have particles with large spaces between them, allowing for compression when pressure is applied.

Carbon is the basis of organic chemistry. Organic compounds contain carbon atoms bonded with other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, etc. This unique property of carbon allows it to form a wide variety of compounds.

Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons. It is used to predict the nature of chemical bonding in a molecule or compound. The more electronegative an atom is, the more it attracts electrons towards it. This concept was introduced by Linus Pauling.

Option A, Ionization energy, is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion.

Option B, Electron affinity, is the energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a gaseous atom.

So, an atom's relative attraction for the electrons in a chemical bond is best described by its electronegativity, not its ionization energy or electron affinity.

Recycling is the term used to describe the process of converting waste materials into reusable materials. It involves collecting and processing waste materials such as paper, plastic, glass, and metal to create new products. Recycling helps conserve resources, reduce energy consumption, and minimize waste disposal in landfills.

Mutualism between bees and flowers is an example of a symbiotic relationship. Symbiotic relationships are interactions between different species that live in close proximity to each other. Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit. In the case of bees and flowers, bees obtain nectar as a food source, while flowers are pollinated in the process, facilitating reproduction.

The large molecules found on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs) are called antigens. Antigens are substances that can stimulate an immune response in the body. In the context of blood typing, different blood types are determined by the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells. These antigens can trigger the production of antibodies in individuals who lack those specific antigens, leading to an immune response if incompatible blood types are mixed.

This statement is not correct. Hepatitis B does have a vaccine that is effective in preventing infection. The vaccine for Hepatitis B has been available since the early 1980s and is recommended for all infants and at-risk individuals to protect against the virus. On the other hand, there is currently no vaccine available for Hepatitis C.

The Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution are inspired by the Bill of Rights in the United States Constitution.

The Sarpanch, who is the elected head of the Gram Panchayat, presides over the meetings of the Gram Panchayat.