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Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - SSC CGL MCQ


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15 Questions MCQ Test General Intelligence and Reasoning for SSC CGL - Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard)

Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) for SSC CGL 2024 is part of General Intelligence and Reasoning for SSC CGL preparation. The Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) questions and answers have been prepared according to the SSC CGL exam syllabus.The Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) MCQs are made for SSC CGL 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) below.
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Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 1

Directions: In the following questions tests your ability to derive conclusions from complex situations. Read each question carefully and answer the questions that follow.

In order to boost sales of toys at times other than the peak sale time — Christmas — manufacturers use many techniques. Character toys from movies or TV series are promoted, and all sets are ‘collectible’ by their young purchasers. Collections, however, never appear to be complete, because as soon as all the characters are acquired, the child then requires the ‘car’, the ‘phone’, the ‘mobile home’, and even the ‘airplane’ to ensure a happy environment for the toys. Ultimately, the elusive final piece of the series is attained just as the manufacturer and promoter release the next series of ‘collectibles’.

The prime aim of the manufacturer and promoter is to ensure that

Detailed Solution for Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 1
Sentence (A) is a sublime idea, but it cannot be proven to be the intention of the manufacturer. Similarly, sentence (C) is true, but, again, it cannot be proven to be the prime motive of the manufacturer. Sentence (B) is a tactical move, not a motive or aim. Sentence (D) is untrue and so cannot be the prime aim of the manufacturer. Sentence (E) is the only statement that can be obtained from the paragraph and thus the appropriate answer.

Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 2

Directions: In the following questions tests your ability to derive conclusions from complex situations. Read each question carefully and answer the questions that follow.

A pill that can induce abortions in pregnant women has become available in France. The drug, RU486, has proved more than 95% effective in tests conducted by a scientific team in Paris. The drug is an anti hormone which disrupts pregnancy by blocking the implantation of a fertilised egg in the wall of the uterus. In France, the pill will be available to women who are 49 days late in their menstrual cycle. The company that manufactures the pill, Roussel Uclaf, states, however, that the pill is not a “morning after” pill for use as a contraceptive.

Which of the following statements can be correctly deduced from the text above?

Detailed Solution for Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 2
Statement (A) cannot be deduced from the text. It is an untrue statement: a contraceptive is something that can prevent conception and the drug discussed here does not prevent conception. Therefore, (A) is an incorrect choice. Statement (B) is also an untrue statement. The drug is reported to block egg implantation, not egg production. There is nothing in the paragraph concerning the drug’s effectiveness, side-effects, benefits, or dangers as compared to other abortion techniques, so there is no basis on which the reader can deduce or infer that the new drug will replace conventional abortion techniques. So, (D) is not appropriate.

Although the drug has been manufactured and tested in France, there is no indication that its use will be limited to that country alone, so statement (E) is not valid. The statement in (C) is the only limited statement that can be deduced from the text - that the drug RU486 can be used to induce abortion, thus terminating pregnancy.

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Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 3

Directions: In the following questions tests your ability to derive conclusions from complex situations. Read each question carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Pioneers of the motor-car industry realised that if they were going to meet the growing demand for their product, they had to adapt the labour force used in the productive process. Instead of many men working to complete all the stages of one car at a time, they assigned defined tasks to each man which they would repeat on every car.

Which of the following can be concluded from the passage?

Detailed Solution for Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 3
Choice (A) sums up the conclusion of the passage and is thus the appropriate answer. It combines the intention of the car manufacturers -to produce more cars - with the chosen method, dividing labour into component tasks. Choice (B) may have been a further outcome of implementing this policy, but the passage does not comment on this; therefore, (B) is not appropriate. Choice (C) mentions another direction in which the car manufacturers may have moved, i.e., opening larger plants, etc. and this process may have been assisted by what is discussed in the passage, but again this cannot be concluded from the passage. So, (C) is also inappropriate.

Choices (D) and (E) are both concomitant with the division of labour process - (D), a disadvantage, and (E), an advantage - but neither of them can be inferred from the passage and therefore are inappropriate.

Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 4

Directions: In the following questions tests your ability to derive conclusions from complex situations. Read each question carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Sally overslept. Therefore, she did not eat breakfast. She realized that she was late for school, so she ran as fast as she could and did not see a hole in the ground which was in her path. She tripped and broke her ankle. She was then taken to the hospital and while lying in bed was visited by her friend, who wanted to know why she had got up so late.

Which of the following conclusions can be made from the above passage?

Detailed Solution for Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 4
Here, we have a chain of events when the conclusion of one argument becomes the premise for another. Only (C) can be concluded from the facts given in the passage - that is, because Sally overslept, she ran towards school, and because she ran, she did not notice the hole. Choice (A) is inappropriate because the chain of events is not linked by the fact that Sally did not eat her breakfast. The passage does not include a consequence emanating from that fact. Choice (B) is not appropriate because there is no way to link Sally’s friend to the events in the passage.

Similarly, facts not included preclude (D) from being the appropriate answer. Finally, (E) cannot be inferred, as we do not know what Sally did later that day; she may have been released from the hospital and gone to school.

Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 5

Directions: In the following questions tests your ability to derive conclusions from complex situations. Read each question carefully and answer the questions that follow.

The function of a food technologist in a large marketing chain of food stores is to ensure that all foodstuffs which are offered for sale in the various retail outlets meet certain standard criteria for non perishability, freshness, and fitness for human consumption.

It is the technologist’s job to visit the premises of suppliers and food producers (factory or farm), inspect the facilities and report thereon. His responsibility also includes receiving new products from local and foreign suppliers and performing exhaustive quality control testing on them. Finally, he should carry out surprise spot checks on goods in the marketing chain’s own workhouses and stores.

What conclusion can best be drawn from the preceding paragraph?

Detailed Solution for Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 5
The paragraph demonstrates from beginning to end that the function of the food technologist is to prevent unfit foodstuffs from being marketed by the stores and passed on to the consumer, who relies on the store’s control procedures. (C), therefore, is the most appropriate answer. Answer alternative (A) is inappropriate because it cannot be inferred from the text (even if it were true). Answer (B), and possibly, answer (D) are factually correct, but these conclusions cannot be drawn from the text itself. (E) is not a correct interpretation of the facts; random checking is not the best way, since below-standard goods are caught in the net only by chance.

Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 6

Directions: In the following questions tests your ability to derive conclusions from complex situations. Read each question carefully and answer the questions that follow.

In the human body, platelets promote blood clotting by clumping together.

Aspirin has been found to prevent clotting by making platelets less sticky.

Research has now shown that heart attacks and strokes caused by blood clots could be avoided by taking one aspirin a day. Statistics show that the incidence of second heart attacks has been reduced by 21% and overall mortality rates by 15% as a result of taking aspirin.

Unfortunately, the drug has several unpleasant side-effects, including nausea, gastric bleeding, and, in severe cases, shock. In children, it has been linked to Reye’s syndrome, a rare, but occasionally fatal, childhood illness.

On balance, however, for men aged 40 and over, an aspirin a day may present an excellent prophylactic measure for a disease that affects 1.5 million American yearly and claims the lives of about 540,000.

Which of the following conclusions can most properly be drawn from the information above?

Detailed Solution for Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 6
According to the passage, all people cannot take aspirin without undesirable side effects and, in some cases, the danger caused by aspirin itself outweighs its benefits. The passage, by saying “On balance, however, for men aged 40 and over, an aspirin a day may present ....”, also implies that not all, but only some people (men over 40) should take an aspirin a day. Clearly, alternative (A) cannot be concluded from the passage. Answer alternative (B) is also inappropriate. No painkiller other than aspirin is mentioned in the passage, and it cannot be inferred that all painkillers reduce the “stickiness” of platelets. (C) is incorrect. Smoking is not mentioned in the passage and, since studies of the effects of smoking and aspirin have not been reported, no conclusions can be drawn. (D) is wrong because the statistics given in the passage say that 15% of second heart attack victims were saved from death by taking aspirin, and 15% does not constitute a majority. (E) is the correct choice since it simply states that mortality rates can be reduced in patients who have already suffered a heart attack (as stated in the passage), without giving any specific statistics.
Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 7

Directions: In the following questions tests your ability to derive conclusions from complex situations. Read each question carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Every town with a pool hall has its share of unsavoury characters. This is because the pool hall attracts gamblers and all gamblers are unsavoury.

Which of the following, if true, cannot be inferred from the above?

Detailed Solution for Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 7
The statement’s conclusion is that all towns have unsavoury characters.

This conclusion is false. According to the passage, only towns with pool halls have unsavoury characters and since we cannot infer that all towns have pool halls, conclusion (C) is wrong. Alternatives (A) and (B) are stated in the passage, while alternatives (D) and (E) can be deduced.

Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 8

Directions: In the following questions tests your ability to derive conclusions from complex situations. Read each question carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Average family income is right where it was 20 years ago, even though, in most families these days, husbands and wives are working.

The above statement implies all of the following EXCEPT:

Detailed Solution for Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 8
Alternative (D) cannot be implied from the statement. There is no information in the statement that implies that wives earn more than husbands. Alternative (A) may be implied because as wives contributed to the household nominal income, if prices increased at the same rate as the income, real income would stay the same. Alternatives (B) and (C) are implicit in the statement.

If the added income contribution of wives leaves average family income at the level it was 20 years ago, then the reason must be that the price level was lower 20 years ago. So, (E) is implied.

Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 9

Directions: In the following questions tests your ability to derive conclusions from complex situations. Read each question carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Partly because of bad weather, but also partly because some major pepper growers have switched to high-priced cocoa, world production of pepper has been running well below worldwide sales for three years. Pepper is consequently in relatively short supply. The price of pepper has soared in response: it now equals that of cocoa.

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

Detailed Solution for Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 9
If more pepper was sold than produced, some sales must have come from surplus stocks, and those stocks must have dropped during the three year period in question. Therefore, D is the best answer.

Choice A is inappropriate because the information in the passage is consistent with pepper being a profitable crop if grown on a modest scale. The passage provides no figures on which to base estimates of the world consumption of pepper, such as those made in B. Choice C is inconsistent with the information in the passage that states that world production will not return to previous levels unless either the pepper acreage lost to cocoa is replaced or the reduced remaining acreage is made more productive. No clear inferences can be made about the grower’s profits in the last three, or any earlier years. So, E is inappropriate.

Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 10

Directions: In the following questions tests your ability to derive conclusions from complex situations. Read each question carefully and answer the questions that follow.

In national surveys taken between 1970 and 1985, the percentage of respondents who reported that they usually attended weekly religious services rose from 28 per cent to 34 per cent. However, statistics compiled during the same period by the nation’s major religious denominations showed a gradual decline in attendance at weekly services.

Each of the following, if true, could help explain the apparent contradiction in the statements above EXCEPT

Detailed Solution for Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 10
This is one of those items that ask you to find alternative causal explanations. Here, you are asked to find the one choice that does not provide an alternative explanation that would help eliminate the paradox.

Every choice but (D) suggests a way of eliminating the paradox. (D), however, if anything, strengthens the paradox by eliminating a possible way of explaining away the paradox.

Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 11

Directions: In the following questions tests your ability to derive conclusions from complex situations. Read each question carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Last year, the number of cases of rape reported by women in this city increased by twenty per cent. Ironically, these statistics have been cited with approval by advocates of women’s rights.

Which of the following, if true, would logically explain the seemingly paradoxical approval of the women’s rights advocates?

Detailed Solution for Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 11
Again, you are looking for an alternative causal explanation. The explanation for the paradoxical result is that there was not an increase in the incidence of rape, but an increase in the number of cases reported.

Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 12

Directions: In the following questions tests your ability to derive conclusions from complex situations. Read each question carefully and answer the questions that follow.

If the wind is strong, kites are flown.

If the sky is not clear, kites are not flown.

If the temperature is high, kites are flown.

Assume the statements above to be true. If kites are flown, which of the following statements must be true?

I. The wind is strong.

II. The sky is clear.

III. The temperature is not high.

Detailed Solution for Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 12
This is a problem involving deductive arguments. Assume that the initial statements are true. Then test each choice. It is not necessarily true. For example, even though it is true that when it is raining, there are clouds in the sky, you cannot conclude from the fact that there are clouds in the sky that it is raining. III makes the same error. II, however, is inferable. It’s like reasoning as follows: When there are no clouds in the sky, it is not raining. It is raining, therefore, there are clouds in the sky.

Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 13

Directions: In the following questions tests your ability to derive conclusions from complex situations. Read each question carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Young people who imagine that the life of the writer is one of glamour, riches or fame soon discover not only the difficulties of the craft but the long odds against achieving any measure of recognition or financial security.

Upon being asked, “Aren’t most editors failed writers?”, T.S. Eliot is said to have remarked, “Yes, but so are most writers.”

The statement by T.S. Eliot conveys which of the following ideas?

Detailed Solution for Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 13
The main point of the passage is that most writers don’t fare well. This is why the author quotes T.S. Eliot, who, somewhat ironically, points out that even most people who claim to be writers aren’t really successful writers.

Situations.

Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 14

Those in the business community who decry government regulation claim that it increases the costs of doing business and reduces beneficial competition, ultimately harming both business and the community as a whole. They point to industries such as trucking, airlines, and telecommunications, in which deregulation has apparently brought greater economic efficiency. These commentators ignore the industries, such as financial services, in which government regulation is essential; indeed, without government intervention in the 1930s, some whole segments of that industry might have permanently collapsed.

The author’s point is made primarily by

Detailed Solution for Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 14
This item asks you to describe the logical structure of the argument. The author cites the position of those who oppose government regulations and mentions some of the reasons they give for their position. Then the author introduces an example in which regulation was essential and successful. (A) best describes this tack.

As for (B), when you attack the motives of an opponent, as opposed to the argument of the opponent, you make what is called an ad hominem attack, but the speaker here doesn’t make such an attack. As for (C), though the author does attack the position he cites, he does so by counter-example, not by pointing to any contradiction. As for (D), the author never raises the issue of what constitutes a proper mode of argumentation. Without any such theoretical justification, he simply launches his attack by counterexample. Finally, as for (E), the author never suggests that any of the terms of judgments involved are based on anything but objective, economic facts.

Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 15

Directions: In the following questions tests your ability to derive conclusions from complex situations. Read each question carefully and answer the questions that follow.

The owners of a local supermarket have decided to make use of three now-redundant check-out counters. They believe that they will attract those customers who have lately been put off by the long check-out lines during the mid-morning and evening rush hours. The owners have concluded that in order to be successful, the increased revenue from existing and added counters will have to be more than the increase in maintenance costs for the added counters.

The underlying goal of the owners can be summarised thus:

Detailed Solution for Test: Paragraph Based Questions (Hard) - Question 15
Services will be improved, it is hoped, for a certain segment of customers — those that shop during the rush hours — but not for all customers.

This fact makes choice (A) inappropriate. To attract new customers is not stated in the passage as an objective, so (B) is inappropriate. The utilisation of excess capacity, as in (C), is a useful by-product of the new system, but it is not the main goal. If maintenance costs are kept low it will probably make the achievement of the main goal that much easier, but this is not the major objective; so choice (D) is not appropriate. The principal purpose of the owners is to make more money from the change by increasing income by an amount worth more than the added costs.

Therefore, (E) is the appropriate answer.

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