Test: The Living World- 2 - NEET

Species is the basic unit of classification and the organisms that share many features in common can breed among each other and produce offspring, are members of the same species.

• A species is a group of organisms made up of similar individuals capable of interbreeding or exchanging genes. It is at the bottom of the taxonomic hierarchy.
• There are approximately 8.7 million different species on the planet.
• It refers to a group of organisms with similar shapes, forms, and reproductive characteristics. Sub-species can be found within species.

Species have the smallest number of organisms with a maximum number of similar characters.

Taxon tiger represents the taxonomic category species. The tiger (Panthera Tigris) is the largest cat species, most recognizable for its pattern of dark vertical stripes on reddish-orange fur with a lighter underside.

Explanation:

1. Binomial nomenclature is a system of naming organisms. It was proposed by Carl Linnaeus.
2. In binomial nomenclature, each organism has a scientific name consisting of two parts.
3. The first part is the genus and the second part is the species.
4. The first letter of the genus is written in upper case and the first letter of the species name is in lower case.
5. Both the genus and species name are written in italics, underlined if handwritten.
6. Example: Homo sapiens is the scientific name of humans, where Homo is the generic name or genus name and sapiens is the specific name or species name.

The scientific name of humans is Homo sapiens. It belongs to the genus Homo.

Explanation:
The suffix "inae" is commonly used in taxonomy to denote a sub-family. Taxonomy is the science of classifying and naming organisms. It involves grouping organisms into various hierarchical categories based on their similarities and evolutionary relationships.
Here is a breakdown of the taxonomy hierarchy from highest to lowest:
1. Kingdom
2. Phylum
3. Class
4. Order
5. Family
6. Sub-family
7. Genus
8. Species
The suffix "inae" is specifically used to designate the sub-family level in taxonomy. It is added to the root name of a family to create the name of a sub-family. For example, in the plant family Rosaceae, the sub-family Rosoideae is designated by adding the suffix "inae" to the root name "Roso-". Similarly, in the animal family Felidae, the sub-family Pantherinae is designated by adding the suffix "inae" to the root name "Panther-".

Therefore, the correct answer is D: Sub-family.

There are different languages and so different regional names for an organism. Therefore, scientists came up with the idea of binomial nomenclature. Binomial nomenclature is introduced to standardize the name of a living organism.

• Binomial nomenclature is the system of providing organisms with appropriate and distinct names consisting of two words, first generic and second specific.
• The original names were taken from Latin and Greek languages. New names are now derived either from Latin language or are latinised.
• This is because Latin language is dead and therefore, it will not change in form or spelling with passage of time.

So, the correct answer is 'Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect'.

Species is considered as a basic taxonomic category because individuals of a species have the same morphological features and they can also interbreed.

• Systematics is the study of the identification, taxonomy and nomenclature of organisms, including the classification of living things with regard to their natural relationships and the study of variation and the evolution of taxa.
• A major goal of biological classification systems is to reflect evolutionary relationships among organisms.
• Knowing phylogenetic relationships is essential for interpreting the evolution of traits of organisms.

Species by Ray and Phylum and Division by Haeckel 

• The taxonomic ranks in descending order are domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species.
• Higher taxon will comprise broader characteristic features and include features of its lower taxa.
• As a class would include order, family, genus and species.

Flora: The plant species that grow in a particular region generally naturally occurring.
Fauna: The animal occurring in a particular region generally naturally occurring.
Monograph: It contains complete information on any one taxon.
Manual: It is the procedure or protocol handbook.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Species are organisms with similar characteristics and their inbreeding results in the production of fertile offspring.

Biological names are Latinized and written in Italics. The generic epithet starts with capital letter while the second component specific epithet starts with small letter. Here the binomial nomenclature of Lion is Panthera leo but not Panthera Leo. Also, in Panthera Tigress the second component is written in capital letter which means that Panthera Tigress is not the answer. And in Panthera Lion the word Lion is not derived from Latin which reflects that Panthera Lion is also not the answer.

The 8 levels of modern taxonomy classification systems are Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.