Olympiad Test: Evolution Of Computer - Class 4 MCQ

Answer:
The correct answer to the question is option B: Computer.
Explanation:
A computer is a special electronic machine that accepts instructions, processes information, and produces output based on those instructions. It is a versatile device that can perform various tasks and calculations at a high speed. Here is a detailed explanation of why the other options are not the correct answer:
1. System: While a computer can be part of a larger system, such as a computer network or an operating system, the term "system" itself is too broad and does not specifically refer to a machine that processes information and produces output.
2. Machine: While a computer is indeed a machine, the term "machine" is too general and can refer to any physical device that performs a task. Without specifying that it is an electronic machine that processes information, the term "machine" alone is not specific enough to be the correct answer.
3. Lock: A lock is a device used to secure or prevent access to something and has no relation to accepting instructions, processing information, or producing output. Therefore, it is not the correct answer.
In conclusion, a special electronic machine that accepts instructions, processes information, and produces output is called a computer.

To determine which computer will be the fastest, we need to consider the different specifications of each computer and their impact on performance.
A: Processor speed 1 GHz, Hard Disk 200 GB
- The processor speed is 1 GHz.
- The hard disk size is 200 GB.
B: RAM 4 GB
- The computer has 4 GB of RAM.
C: Processor speed 2 GHz, RAM 2 GB
- The processor speed is 2 GHz, which is higher than option A.
- The computer has 2 GB of RAM.
D: Processor speed 600 MHz
- The processor speed is 600 MHz, which is the lowest among all the options.
Based on these specifications, we can conclude that option C will be the fastest computer. This is because it has the highest processor speed (2 GHz) compared to the other options, even though it has less RAM than option B. The processor speed has a greater impact on overall performance compared to the amount of RAM or hard disk size. Therefore, option C would provide the best performance among the given choices.

Speed of a processor is measured in Gigahertz or Megahertz.
Explanation:
- The speed of a processor refers to how fast it can execute instructions and perform calculations.
- It is typically measured in frequency units, such as Gigahertz (GHz) or Megahertz (MHz).
- Gigahertz is equal to one billion cycles per second, while Megahertz is equal to one million cycles per second.
- The higher the frequency, the faster the processor can perform tasks.
- Processors with higher GHz or MHz ratings are generally considered more powerful and faster.
- The speed of a processor is an important factor in determining the overall performance and efficiency of a computer system.
- It affects the speed of tasks such as opening applications, running software, and processing data.
- It is important to consider the speed of a processor when choosing a computer or upgrading an existing one, especially for tasks that require high processing power, such as gaming or video editing.

The correct answer is c

   The IBM System/360 (S/360) is a family of mainframe computer systems that was announced by IBM on April 7, 1964, and delivered between 1965 and 1978. It was the first family of computers designed to cover the complete range of applications, from small to large, both commercial and scientific.

Answer:
The correct answer is A: John Napier.
Napier's Bones is named after its inventor, John Napier, a Scottish mathematician, physicist, and astronomer. He developed this tool in the early 17th century as a mathematical calculating device to simplify multiplication and division operations. Here is a detailed explanation of Napier's Bones:
What are Napier's Bones?
Napier's Bones are a set of numbered rods or strips made of bone or ivory. These rods are inscribed with multiplication tables and arranged in a specific pattern.
How do Napier's Bones work?
The rods are divided into squares, and each square contains a column of numbers representing the digits 0 to 9. The rods are then stacked and aligned in a way that allows users to perform multiplication and division calculations.
Multiplication:
To multiply two numbers using Napier's Bones, follow these steps:
1. Write down the numbers to be multiplied side by side.
2. Align the corresponding digits vertically.
3. Multiply the digits in each column and write the result in the corresponding square of the rods.
4. Add the numbers in each diagonal and record the results.
Division:
To perform division using Napier's Bones, follow these steps:
1. Write down the dividend and divisor.
2. Align the corresponding digits vertically.
3. Divide the digits in each column and write the results in the corresponding squares of the rods.
4. Add the numbers in each diagonal and record the results.
Advantages of Napier's Bones:
- Napier's Bones provide a visual and systematic approach to perform multiplication and division.
- They eliminate the need for manual calculations and reduce the chances of errors.
- They can be easily used by individuals who are not well-versed in complex mathematical operations.
In conclusion, Napier's Bones were invented by John Napier and provide a simple yet effective way to perform multiplication and division calculations.

The power of a computer is determined by the speed of its processor and the capacity of its RAM.
Explanation:
The power of a computer refers to its capability to process tasks and handle complex software applications effectively. This power is primarily determined by the following factors:
1. Speed of the processor: The processor, also known as the central processing unit (CPU), is responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations. A faster processor can process instructions more quickly, resulting in faster overall performance.
2. Capacity of RAM: Random Access Memory (RAM) is the computer's temporary storage space used for storing data that is actively being used by the processor. The more RAM a computer has, the more data it can store and access quickly, which enhances its multitasking capabilities.
3. Operating system: While the operating system itself does not directly determine the power of a computer, it plays a crucial role in managing system resources and optimizing their utilization. A well-optimized operating system can enhance the overall efficiency and performance of the computer.
By considering the aforementioned factors, it is evident that the speed of the processor and the capacity of RAM are the primary determinants of a computer's power. While factors like the capacity of the hard disk and the ROM (Read-Only Memory) can affect storage and booting time, they do not directly impact the computer's processing power.

The correct answer is B: Abax.
Explanation:
The term "Abacus" is derived from the Greek word "Abax". Here is a detailed explanation:
What is an Abacus?
- The Abacus is an ancient counting device used for performing arithmetic calculations.
- It consists of a rectangular frame with rods or wires, and beads that can be moved back and forth on these rods.
Derivation of the word "Abacus":
- The word "Abacus" originated from the Greek word "Abax" or "Abakon".
- The Greek word "Abax" means a calculating board or a slab.
- The word "Abacus" was later adopted by Latin, Arabic, and other languages.
Significance of the Abacus:
- The Abacus has a rich history and has been used by various civilizations, including the Greeks, Romans, Chinese, and Egyptians.
- It played a crucial role in early mathematical education and was widely used before the invention of modern calculators and computers.
- The Abacus is still used today, particularly in some Asian countries, as a tool for teaching mental math skills.
In conclusion, the term "Abacus" is derived from the Greek word "Abax", which means a calculating board or a slab. The Abacus has a long history and continues to be an important educational tool for learning arithmetic skills.

Sir John Napier and the Invention of Calculating Devices
Introduction:
Sir John Napier, a Scottish mathematician, physicist, and astronomer, made significant contributions to the field of mathematics during the 16th and 17th centuries. One of his most notable inventions was a calculating device that greatly simplified mathematical calculations.
The Invention:
Sir John Napier invented a device known as the Napier's bones, also referred to as Napier's rods or Napier's rods. This device consisted of a set of numbered rods or bones, each marked with a series of numbers. The rods were made of bone or wood and were arranged in a specific order.
How the Device Works:
The Napier's bones were primarily used for multiplication and division. The rods were designed in such a way that when aligned correctly, they allowed users to perform calculations quickly and accurately.
To perform multiplication using the Napier's bones, the user would:
1. Align the rods in a specific order according to the numbers involved in the multiplication.
2. Read the numbers from the aligned rods and add them up, which would give the result of the multiplication.
To perform division using the Napier's bones, the user would:
1. Align the rods in a specific order, similar to multiplication.
2. Use the aligned rods to determine the quotient and remainder of the division.
Significance of Napier's Bones:
Napier's bones were a significant advancement in the field of mathematics during that time. They provided a practical and efficient method for performing complex calculations, especially multiplication and division.
Conclusion:
Sir John Napier's invention of Napier's bones revolutionized mathematical calculations during the 16th and 17th centuries. These calculating devices allowed for faster and more accurate computations, contributing to the advancement of mathematics and various scientific fields.

Introduction:
The first mechanical calculator invented by Sir Blaise Pascal was known as the Pascaline. It was a significant development in the field of mathematics and computing.
Explanation:
Here is a detailed explanation of the invention of the Pascaline:
1. Sir Blaise Pascal:
- Sir Blaise Pascal was a French mathematician, physicist, and inventor.
- He is best known for his contributions to the development of the mechanical calculator.
2. Invention of the Pascaline:
- In 1642, when Pascal was 19 years old, he invented the Pascaline.
- The Pascaline was the first mechanical calculator capable of performing addition and subtraction.
3. Functionality:
- The Pascaline consisted of a series of gears and numerical dials.
- It had a mechanism that allowed the user to input numbers and perform calculations.
- The gears and dials would adjust accordingly, providing the result.
4. Importance:
- The Pascaline was a significant advancement in the field of computing.
- It introduced the concept of a mechanical device that could perform mathematical calculations.
- The Pascaline paved the way for further developments in mechanical calculators and ultimately led to the development of modern computers.
Conclusion:
The first mechanical calculator invented by Sir Blaise Pascal was known as the Pascaline. It was a revolutionary invention that laid the foundation for the development of modern computing devices.

Analytical Engine

The first general purpose mechanical computer, also known as the Analytical Engine, was invented by Charles Babbage in the 19th century. It was designed to perform a variety of calculations and had features that anticipated modern computers. Here is a detailed explanation of why the Analytical Engine is considered the first general purpose mechanical computer:

1. Charles Babbage's Invention

• The Analytical Engine was conceptualized and designed by Charles Babbage, an English mathematician and inventor, in the 1830s.


• Babbage intended the machine to be a general-purpose device that could perform various mathematical calculations.

2. Purpose and Functionality

• The Analytical Engine was designed to perform both arithmetic and logical operations.


• It could store and manipulate numbers, perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.


• The machine also featured conditional branching and looping, allowing it to execute complex instructions based on certain conditions.


• It had the ability to read and write data from punched cards, which were used for input and output.

3. Difference from Previous Machines

• Unlike earlier machines, such as Babbage's Difference Engine, the Analytical Engine was not limited to specific calculations.


• It could be programmed to perform different tasks by changing the instructions on the punched cards.


• This flexibility and programmability make it the first general purpose mechanical computer.

4. Influence and Legacy

• Although the Analytical Engine was never fully built during Babbage's lifetime, its design and concepts were groundbreaking.


• It laid the foundation for modern computing and is considered a precursor to the digital computers that followed many years later.


• The Analytical Engine's impact on the development of computer science and technology cannot be overstated.

In conclusion, the Analytical Engine, invented by Charles Babbage, is widely recognized as the first general purpose mechanical computer. Its ability to perform various calculations and execute different instructions set it apart from earlier machines and laid the groundwork for modern computing.

The correct answer is A: EDVAC.
Explanation:
Stored Program Concept:
- The stored program concept refers to the idea that instructions and data can be stored in the same memory space.
- This allows for the computer to read and execute instructions from memory, rather than being hardwired to perform specific tasks.
The First Electronic Computer:
- The first electronic computer to use the concept of a stored program was the EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer).
- It was designed at the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Electrical Engineering in the late 1940s.
- The EDVAC was a follow-up project to the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), which was the first general-purpose electronic computer but did not utilize the stored program concept.
Comparison with Other Options:
- Option B: ENIAC was the first general-purpose electronic computer, but it did not use the stored program concept.
- Option C: EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator) was developed in the United Kingdom and was also one of the early computers to use the stored program concept. However, it was not the first.
- Option D: "None of these" is incorrect because the correct answer is A: EDVAC.
In conclusion, the first electronic computer to use the concept of a stored program was the EDVAC.

How is a generation of computers classified?
Computers are classified into different generations based on various factors. One of the commonly used classifications is based on the devices used in memory and processor. Let's explore this classification in detail:
1. First Generation:
- Vacuum tubes were used as electronic components.
- Large in size and consumed a significant amount of electricity.
- Examples include ENIAC and UNIVAC.
2. Second Generation:
- Transistors replaced vacuum tubes, making computers smaller, faster, and more reliable.
- Magnetic cores were used for memory.
- Examples include IBM 1401 and IBM 7090.
3. Third Generation:
- Integrated circuits (ICs) were introduced, combining multiple transistors on a single chip.
- Computers became even smaller, more powerful, and energy-efficient.
- Examples include IBM System/360 and DEC PDP-11.
4. Fourth Generation:
- Microprocessors were developed, integrating the entire CPU on a single chip.
- Personal computers (PCs) and laptops became popular, affordable, and accessible.
- Examples include IBM PC, Apple Macintosh, and Commodore 64.
5. Fifth Generation:
- Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and parallel processing technologies.
- Development of supercomputers and high-performance computing systems.
- Examples include Cray-1 and IBM Deep Blue.
It is important to note that the classification of computer generations is not solely based on the devices used in memory and processor. Other factors such as speed, accuracy, and model also play a role. However, the primary factor in this classification is the advancement in electronic components used in memory and processor technology.

Answer:
Introduction:

The first electro-mechanical computer, MARK-I, was invented by Howard H. Aiken. It marked a significant milestone in the history of computing and laid the foundation for future advancements in the field.

Details:

Here are the key points explaining the invention of MARK-I:

- Howard H. Aiken: Howard H. Aiken was the inventor of MARK-I. He was a prominent American physicist and computer scientist who conceptualized and led the development of the machine.
- Machine Design: MARK-I was an electro-mechanical computer designed to perform complex calculations. It consisted of a series of rotating shafts, gears, and electrical switches to execute mathematical operations.
- Collaboration: Aiken collaborated with IBM (International Business Machines Corporation) to build MARK-I. This partnership provided the necessary resources and expertise to bring the project to fruition.
- Size and Capacity: MARK-I was a massive machine, spanning about 51 feet in length and weighing around 5 tons. It had the capability to perform calculations with up to 23 decimal places of accuracy.
- Development and Completion: The development of MARK-I began in the late 1930s and was completed in 1944. It took several years to construct and refine the machine, but its successful completion marked a breakthrough in computing technology.
- Usage and Impact: MARK-I was primarily used for scientific and military applications, including calculations for the Manhattan Project during World War II. It paved the way for further advancements in computing, leading to the development of more powerful and efficient machines in the following decades.
Conclusion:

Howard H. Aiken is credited with inventing the first electro-mechanical computer, MARK-I. This groundbreaking machine revolutionized the field of computing and set the stage for the development of modern computers.

Answer:
The first electronic general-purpose computer conceived and designed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert was called the ENIAC. Here is a detailed explanation:
1. Introduction:
- The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was the first electronic general-purpose computer.
- It was a large-scale machine that revolutionized computing and laid the foundation for modern computers.
2. Conception and Design:
- John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert conceived and designed the ENIAC during World War II.
- The idea behind ENIAC was to create a machine that could perform complex calculations and solve mathematical problems electronically.
3. Features and Significance:
- ENIAC was a massive machine, weighing around 30 tons and occupying a space of 1,800 square feet.
- It used vacuum tubes as electronic switches, which allowed for faster calculations compared to mechanical systems.
- ENIAC was capable of performing calculations at a speed thousands of times faster than previous machines.
- It was used for a variety of purposes, including scientific research, military calculations, and weather prediction.
- The successful operation of ENIAC demonstrated the potential of electronic computers and paved the way for further advancements in computing technology.
4. Legacy:
- ENIAC inspired the development of subsequent computers, such as UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer), EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer), and EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator).
- It marked the beginning of the electronic computing era and laid the groundwork for the digital revolution that followed.
In conclusion, the first electronic general-purpose computer conceived and designed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert was called the ENIAC. It played a crucial role in advancing computing technology and set the stage for the development of modern computers.

To determine which PC has a touchpad as an input device, we need to examine the provided images of the PCs and identify the presence of a touchpad.
Let's analyze each option:
Option A:
- The image shows a laptop with a touchpad in the center of the keyboard.
Option B:
- The image shows a desktop PC, and there is no visible touchpad.
Option C:
- The image shows a desktop PC, and there is no visible touchpad.
Option D:
- The image shows a laptop with a touchpad on the left side of the keyboard.
Based on the analysis, it is clear that Option A and Option D have touchpads as input devices.
Therefore, the correct answer is Option A.

Full form of ENIAC:
The full form of ENIAC is "Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer".
Explanation:
ENIAC was one of the earliest general-purpose electronic computers and was developed during World War II. It was a groundbreaking innovation in the field of computing and played a significant role in the advancement of computer technology. Here is a detailed explanation of the full form of ENIAC:
- Electronic: ENIAC was an electronic computer, meaning it used electronic components and circuits to perform calculations and process information.
- Numerical: ENIAC was designed to perform numerical calculations, making it an early example of a digital computer.
- Integrator: ENIAC was capable of integrating mathematical functions, which involved performing calculations and combining different variables.
- And: The word "and" in the full form simply serves as a conjunction between the different elements of the acronym.
- Computer: ENIAC was a computer, which refers to a machine that can be programmed to carry out a series of calculations or operations automatically.
So, the full form "Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer" accurately represents the purpose and capabilities of ENIAC as a pioneering electronic computing machine.

To answer this question, we need to identify the supercomputers made in India. Let's break down the given options and determine the correct answer:
A: PARAM, VIKRAM
- PARAM is a supercomputer made in India, so this option is a potential correct answer.
- VIKRAM is not a supercomputer made in India, so this option is not correct.
B: PARAM, ANURAG
- PARAM is a supercomputer made in India, so this option is a potential correct answer.
- ANURAG is not a supercomputer made in India, so this option is not correct.
C: PARAM, DHARAM
- PARAM is a supercomputer made in India, so this option is a potential correct answer.
- DHARAM is not a supercomputer made in India, so this option is not correct.
D: KALAM, BHABHA
- KALAM and BHABHA are not supercomputers made in India, so this option is not correct.
Based on the analysis above, the correct answer is A: PARAM, VIKRAM.