Test: Sustainability and Climate Change: India and The World - 2 - UPSC

The correct answer is A. India reiterated its commitment to the Paris Agreement in a collective manner and followed an approach guided by principles of Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capability (CBPR-RC) at COP24. This approach emphasizes the need for developed countries to take the lead in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and providing financial and technological support to developing countries to help them combat climate change.

The theme of the India Pavilion at COP-25 was "150 years of celebrating the Mahatma", designed to depict Mahatma Gandhi's life and messages around sustainable living. The answer is (c).

Green finance mostly refers to financial investments flowing towards sustainable development projects and initiatives that encourage the development of a more sustainable economy. The answer is (a).

Defining climate finance is important to ensure that transparent and consistent information on support provided and mobilized through public interventions for developing country Parties be provided by developed countries. The answer is (a).

The basic elements that should be highlighted while defining climate finance include sources of funding, terms of funding, and purpose of funding in addition to resources being committed/disbursed/new. Also, only the share provided solely for climate change should be included under climate finance, and aid money meant for development purpose should not be counted as climate finance. The answer is (d).

The Green Climate Fund (GCF) was created to support the efforts of developing countries to respond to the challenge of climate change—by helping them limit or reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and adapt to climate change. Therefore, the main objective of the GCF is to support developing countries.

The Global Environment Facility (GEF) was established on the eve of the 1992 Rio Earth Summit to help (mainly the developing countries) tackle earth's most pressing environmental problems.

INDCs (Intended Nationally Determined Contributions) are plans by governments communicated to the UNFCCC regarding the steps they will take to address climate change domestically.

India's goal for reducing the emissions intensity of its GDP by 2030 is to reduce it by 33-35% of the 2005 level. This is mentioned in India's INDCs.

NAPCC, launched in 2008, was India's first multidimensional step in addressing climate change. The action plan focuses on objectives of adaptation and mitigation through focused National Missions, key adaptation requirements, and creating scientific knowledge and preparedness.

The PAT scheme under NMEEE is designed on the concept of 'reduction' in energy consumption. By April 2019, 110 Designated Customers (DC) were notified under it.

The National Water Mission focuses on monitoring ground water, aquifer mapping, capacity building, water quality monitoring, and other baseline studies. There are 1071 assessment units categorized as over-exploited as per the assessment (last done in 2011) of Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA).

The ISA is the first treaty-based inter-governmental organization headquartered in India. With 83 signatory countries, the alliance creates a multi-stakeholder ecosystem where sovereign nations, multilateral organizations, industry, policymakers, and innovators work together to promote the common and shared goal of meeting energy demands of a secure and sustainable world.

CDRI is an international partnership of national governments, UN agencies, multilateral development banks, private sector, and knowledge institutions that aims to promote the resilience of new and existing infrastructure systems to climate and disaster risks.

The "New Delhi Declaration: Investing in Land and Unlocking Opportunities" was adopted at the COP14 conference, which was hosted by India in September 2019. It expressed support for new initiatives or coalitions aiming to improve human health and well-being, the health of ecosystems, and to advance peace and security.