Test: General Study of Carbonyl Compounds

In carbonyl bonds b/w O and C, C is electrophilic centre(centre which needs electron as it is deficient in it) and O is nucleophilic centre(centre which needs +ve charge as it has excess charge).  Also, C=O bond is polarised with O having partial negative charge and C having partial positive charge.

The Isomers of C₃H₆O include:

Hence we can see that a total of 11 isomers of C₃H₆O are possible.

• Isobutyraldehyde is the chemical compound with the formula (CH₃)₂CHCHO.
  
• It is an aldehyde, isomeric with n-butyraldehyde.
• Isobutyraldehyde is manufactured, often as a side-product, by the hydroformylation of propene. Its odour is described as that of wet cereal or straw.

The IUPAC name of (CH₃)₂CHCHO is 2-methylpropanal and its chemical name is Isobutyraldehyde.

Alcohol is the group in which (carbonyl) group is not present. Aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids all have a carbonyl group present in them. Aldehydes have group, ketones have a group and carboxylic acids have a group.

Hence A is correct.

Acetone (CH₃COCH₃) and Propanal (CH₃CH₂CHO) are functional isomers.

• Acetone:
  
• Propanal:
  

• The functional group is an aldehyde; −CHO and the given compound has two carbon atoms.
• Thus, the IUPAC name of the compound is ethanal.
  

IUPAC name of acrolein is prop-2-enal, a name derived from that of acrylic acid, the parent carboxylic acid.

• The first bond formed is a sigma bind and the second one is a pi bond.
• O has a higher electronegativity than C and hence the electron cloud will be shifted towards the O atom, making the compound polar.
• This is not possible in C=C.

• Isomerism:

• The compounds having the same molecular formula, which differ in at least some physical or chemical properties, are known as isomers and the phenomenon is said to be isomerism.
• The different types of isomerism are chain isomerism, position isomerism, and functional isomerism.
• The chain isomerism is due to the arrangement of carbon atoms so the size of the parent chain or the size of the side chain must be different.
• The position isomerism is due to different locant numbers of functional groups or multiple bonds or side chains along the same parent chain.
• Functional isomerism is due to the presence of different functional groups.
• Prop-2-en-1-ol is an organic compound that contains three Carbon atoms and one alcohol group.
• That is, both Propanone and prop-2-en-1-ol are having same molecular formula but different structural formulas.
• Both Propanone and prop-2-en-1-ol contain different functional groups, that is they are functional isomers.

Therefore, Propanone and prop-2-en-1-ol are examples of functional isomers.