Test: Major Soils in India - UPSC MCQ

The Soil Survey of India, the National Bureau of Soil Survey and the Land Use Planning, and the Indian Council of Agriculture Research were involved in the classification of soils in India during the modern period.

Alluvial soil is the most abundant soil type in India, covering approximately 43% of the country's total area.

Alluvial soil is commonly found in the deltas and estuaries of peninsular India. It is widespread in the northern plains and river valleys as well.

Black soil, also known as regur soil, is known for its high water-retaining capacity. It swells and becomes sticky when wet and shrinks when dried.

Red soil is characterized by a reddish color due to the presence of iron oxide. The lower layer of red soil is usually reddish yellow or yellow in color.

Black soil, also known as regur soil, is the best-suited soil type for cotton cultivation.

Laterite soil is found in areas of high temperature and high rainfall. It is formed as a result of high leaching.

Arid soil, also known as desert soil, is characterized by a high salt content and lack of moisture. It is deposited mainly by wind activities.

Peaty soil, also known as marshy soil, is alkaline and has a heavy black color. It is found in areas of heavy rainfall and high humidity.

Mountain soil is acidic and found in regions of high rainfall. It is characterized by low humus content and is considered immature soil.