RPSC RAS Prelims Mock Test - 3 - RPSC RAS (Rajasthan) MCQ

Concept

• Synthesis gas is made by passing steam  over a red-hot carbon fuel such as  coke. 
• It consists of hydrogen gas and carbon mono oxide.
• Synthesis gas is also called water gas.
  C(s) + H₂O → CO(g) + H₂(g)
• It has several applications for starting materials.

Explanation

• The compound 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile (also called  o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile; chemical formula: C₁₀H₅ClN₂), a  cyanocarbon , is the defining component of a  tear gas  commonly referred to as CS gas, which is used as a  riot-control agent .
• Exposure causes a burning sensation and tearing of the eyes.
• Producer gas is a gas mixture containing carbon monoxide hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.
• Coal gas is a mixture of gases (mainly hydrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide) obtained by the destructive distillation of coal and is used for lighting and heating.

Mistake Points

• Synthesis gas  and  water gas  are the  same  things - a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen used as a feedstock for chemical production.
• The reason for the two names is down to the method of manufacture. The older name,  water gas , is used due to the method of passing steam over hot coke.

Bronchitis is the sudden development of inflammation in bronchial tubes -  the major airways into your lungs.

• It usually happens because of a virus or breathing in something that irritates the lungs such as tobacco smoke, fumes, dust, and air pollution .

Key Points
Bronchitis:

• Symptoms of bronchitis include a cough, wheezing, and difficulty breathing .
• People may also have trouble clearing heavy mucus or phlegm from their airways.
• Bronchitis can be acute or chronic.
• Acute bronchitis usually clears up, but chronic bronchitis is persistent and never completely goes away.
• Quitting or avoiding smoking can help prevent bronchitis.

Key Points

• The state government has changed the name of the Department of Industries' to the Department of Industries and Commerce' .
• Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot has approved a proposal for this name change
• In addition, the designations of officers of this department will also be changed to correspond to the new name of the department.

Additional Information
Reason for Name Change:-

• During the last few years, the functioning of the Department of Industries and the District Industries Centers attached to it has changed and the scope of activities of the Department has also increased.
• Along with the development of small, micro, medium, and large enterprises, the development of service sector and commercial sector activities have also become involved in the activities and activities of this department.
• Not only this, in 18 states including the Government of India, the name of the department concerned is only the Department of Industries and Commerce. In this sequence, the state government has decided to change the name of the department . 

Key Points
National Research Centre on Rapeseed-Mustard (NRCRM):

• Founded- October 20, 1993
• Established By- ICAR
• Center Location- Sewar, Bharatpur

Additional Information
Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR):

• Founded-  16 July 1929
• Headquater- New Delhi
• Organization Body-  Autonomous
• Ministery- The Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. 

The correct answer is Life of Lord Krishna.
Key Points

• These paintings are  cloth paintings  hung behind the image of the  Hindu god Shrinathji .
• Most works produced in this style revolve around the figure of  Shrinathji as a manifestation of Krishna  and refer to the incident of him holding the  Govardhan hill  on his last finger.
• Each  pichwai painting  is considered a seva or an offering to the deity and hence personifies Shrinathji as a prince with jewels and luxuries, surrounded by the milkmaids, gopis.
• These seva themes are based on different seasons and paintings are made to depict different moods of the season.
• There are also paintings that show the Lord in different costumes celebrating different festivals.
• Other themes like  Mata Yashoda, Nandlal and Balgopal figures are also painted in this style . 

• The first urban administration in India was established in Madras.
• The first municipality of the state was established in Mount Abu in 1864.

Mistake Points
Municipality of the state:

• Ajmer in 1866,
• Beawar in 1867 and
• Jaipur in 1869.

Key Points

• In order to establish uniformity in municipal governance in the state, the Uttar Pradesh Municipality Act 1960 was implemented in Rajasthan by an ordinance.
• After independence, for the first time in 1951 , the Rajasthan Municipal Act 1951 was enacted and uniformity in local urban administration was established throughout the state.
  • It was abolished in 1959 and the new Rajasthan Municipal Act 1950 was implemented.
• On 1 June 1993 , the 74th Constitution Amendment came into force by which the institutions of local governance were given constitutional status.
  • Under this, Part IX-A (Articles 243 P To 243 Z) and 12th schedule is addedin the Constitution.

• Although the Constituent Assembly was not directly elected by the people of India on the basis of adult franchise , the Assembly comprised representatives of all sections of Indian Society—Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Parsis, Anglo–Indians, Indian Christians, SCs, STs including women of all these sections. Hence, Option 1 is correct .
• The Assembly included all important personalities of India at that time, with the exception of Mahatma Gandhi.
• In addition to the making of the Constitution and enacting of ordinary laws, the Constituent Assembly also performed the following functions:
  • It ratified India’s membership of the Commonwealth in May 1949. Hence, Option B is correct.
  • It adopted the national flag on July 22, 1947.
  • It adopted the national anthem on January 24, 1950.
  • It adopted the national song on January 24, 1950.
  • It elected Dr Rajendra Prasad as the first President of India on January 24, 1950.
• The Preamble was enacted after the entire Constitution was already enacted. Hence, Option C is NOT correct .
• January 26 was specifically chosen as the ‘date of commencement’ of the Constitution because of its historical importance. Hence, Option D is correct.
  • It was on this day in 1930 that Purna Swaraj day was celebrated, following the resolution of the Lahore Session (December 1929) of the INC.

Key Points
Part XVIII of the Indian constitution deals with Emergency provisions. 

• Types of Emergency: 
  • There are three types of Emergency in our constitution.
• National Emergency:
  • This type of Emergency deals with ( Article 352 ).
  • On the ground ofexternal aggression or war or any  armed rebellion . 
• State Emergency:(President’s Rule) :
  • This type of Emergency deals with  (Article 356)
  • All power  is in the hand of the central , not the respective state .
  • Implemented on the failure of Constitutional machinery in the states .
• Financial Emergency:
  • This type of Emergency deals with  (Article 360 )
  • On the platform of the financial instability or credit of India.   

Important Points
The safety valve theory:
It states that the Indian National Congress was started by A.O. Hume and others under the official direction, guidance, and advice of Lord Dufferin, the Viceroy, to provide a safe, mild, peaceful, and constitutional outlet or safety valve for the rising discontent among the masses, which was inevitably leading towards a popular and violent revolution. So, option A is correct.

Key Points
RAJFED (Rajasthan State Cooperative Marketing Federation Ltd.) is an organization that amalgamates over 250 block level and over 5000 village-level cooperative societies and makes an arrangement for the sale of farmer’s crop at the state level.

The correct answer is Option C.
Key Points
Commodity money:

• Commodity money is money whose value comes from the commodity of which it is made. Hence statement 3 is correct.
• It is a commodity that has an intrinsic value which means the commodity is carrying a value even if it is not used as money and which can be used as a medium of exchange.
• Commodities such as gold, silver, copper, grains, livestock etc serve as commodity money.

Additional Information
Intrinsic value:

• Intrinsic value is a measure of what an asset is worth.
• The intrinsic value of a currency is the value of the commodity it is made of.
• For example, Gold coin has intrinsic value because of the value of gold whereas paper money has no intrinsic value as paper in itself s not a valuable commodity.

Key Points

• Peshwa Baji Rao II ceded a greater portion of the Sagar district to the British in 1818.
• The town of Sagar was founded in 1660 .
  • Udan Shah, a descendant of Nihal Shah, built a small fort on the site of the present one in 1660  founded a village close to it called Parkota.
  • The present fort and a settlement under its walls was founded by Govind Rao Pandit , an officer of the Peshwa.
  • It came under the Peshwa’s possession in 1735 .
  • In 1818 , the greater part of the district was ceded by the Peshwa Baji Rao II to the British Government .

Additional Information
First Anglo-Maratha War (1775 – 1782):

• Reasons
  • Madhavrao I succeeded Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao who died in 1761.
  • After the death of Madhavrao I, his brother Narayanrao became the Peshwa but his uncle Raghunathrao wanted to become the Peshwa.
  • So, Raghunath Rao signed the Treaty of Surat in 1775 to get the British help by ceding Salsette and Bassein
  • He attacked the Peshwa and won.
  • A new Treaty of Purandhar was signed in 1776 between the British and Nana Phadnavis, a Maratha minister.
  • Raghunathrao was given a pension only and Salsette was retained by the British.
  • Nana Phadnavis violated this treaty in 1777 by giving some territories to the French.
  • This led to a battle at Wadgaon in which the Marathas won.
  • The Treaty of Wadgaon was signed in 1779 and then the Treaty of Salbai was signed in 1782 which put an end to the First Anglo-Maratha War.
• Results
  • The British retained Salsette and Broach.
  • The Marathas agreed to not give any territory to the French.
  • All territories taken by the British after the Treaty of Purandhar were given back to the Marathas.
  • Madhavrao II (son of Narayanrao) was accepted as the Peshwa.

Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803 – 1805):

• Reasons
  • The Maratha Confederacy consisted:
    • The Peshwas at Pune.
    • The Gaekwads at Baroda.
    • The Holkars at Indore.
    • The Scindias at Gwalior.
    • The Bhonsles at Nagpur.
  • There were internal quarrels among them.
  • The Holkars defeated the Peshwas and the Scindias in the Battle of Poona in 1802.
  • Baji Rao II signed the Treaty of Bassein with the British in 1802 ceding territories to get their help.
  • The non-acceptance of this treaty by  The Scindias and the Bhonsles led to the Second Anglo-Maratha War.
  • It was joined by the Holkars later.
• Results
  • The Marathas were defeated.
  • Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon (1803)- The Scindias ceded Rohtak, Ganga-Yamuna Doab, Gurgaon, Delhi Agra region, Broach, parts of Bundelkhand and Ahmadnagar fort.
  • Treaty of Deogaon (1803)- The Bhonsle's ceded Cuttack, Balasore and the area west of Wardha River.
  • Treaty of Rajghat (1805)- The Holkars ceded Tonk, Bundi and Rampura.

Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817 – 1818):

• Reasons
  • The Marathas wanted their territories back.
  • A united front was formed by Peshwa Bajirao II, Malharrao Holkar and Mudhoji II Bhonsle.
  • Daulat Rao Shinde did not join the war.
• Results
  • The British won easily.
  • Treaty of Gwalior was signed (1817)- Shinde gave up Rajasthan to the British (Though he did not participate in the war).
  • Treaty of Mandasor (1818)- An infant was throned as the Holkar chief under the British.
  • The Peshwa surrendered in 1818

Rajasthan's first-of-its-kind 'Breathing Bank' was established in Jodhpur amidst the oxygen crisis during the COVID pandemic.

• It is also India's first breathing bank.

Key Points

• Just like a blood bank model, the breathing bank will provide portable oxygen machines to COVID-19 patients on a rental basis.
• This is the idea of Nirmal Gehlot and being supported by many social workers.
• Those seeking to rent the machine will have to pay Rs 100 daily .
  • Rent will be collected to ensure that the person returns the machine.
• The cost of a portable oxygen machine is around Rs 40,000 .
  • It collects air around and separates it from nitrogen to give five-liter oxygen each minute .
• With this machine, patients will be given oxygen at their houses with the help of a pipeline and hence, hospitals' burden will be alleviated .

Key Points
Ahom Rebellion took place in the year 1828.

• Reasons for such uprising-
  • British did not withdraw from Assam after Burma war 1824-26 and attempted to incorporate Ahom's territories as well.
  • Leader of this rebellion - Gomdhar Konwar
  • After this, company handed over upper Assam to Maharaj Purandar Singh Narendra.

Additional Information

• Santhal Hul
  • It started in 1855 and remained till 1856.
  • It ocurred in the regions of Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal.
  • Reasons-
    • Santhals were exploited by landlords because of implementation of Zamindari System in Bengal.
    • They had to pay huge interests to landlords. They even lost their lands and had to become bonded labours.
    • It was started by Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu which took the shape of a big rebellion.
• Kol Rebellion
  • These tribes lived in Chhotanagpur area.
  • They also lost their lands and were forced to pay huge amount of taxes and became bonded labours.
  • This led to the revolt in the year 1832.
• Khasi uprising
  • When British occupied regions between Garo and Jaintia Hills, intending to construct a road which was passing through Khasi.
  • This led to Khasi revolt in 1833 under the leadership of Tirut Singh who was a Khasi Chief.
  • It continued for 4 years. 

Key Points
Organic Farming is a production system that sustains the health of soils, ecosystems and people.

• It uses tradition, innovation & science to benefit the environment.
• It relies on ecological processes, biodiversity & cycles adapted to local conditions.
• It helps to maintain soil fertility & ecological balance & minimizes pollution.
• It comprises no use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, genetically modified seeds. Hence, option A is incorrect.

Key Features:

• Farmers prepare & enrich land before sowing seeds by sprinkling natural fertilizers.
• Nitrogen fixation of soils using legumes.
• Seeds are not soaked in any chemical solution. Hence, option B is correct.
• Ensuring food for all without damaging the environment.
• Protecting soil quality using organic material & encouraging biological activity.
• Fertilizers such as green manure, shellfish fertilizer are used.
• No irrigation of the newly planted seeds using water with added chemicals.
• It depends on natural rain or harvest & stored rainwater to use during dry months.

Hence, option C is correct.
Additional Information

Key Point
Kabaddi is the national sport of Bangladesh .

• This game played between two teams on opposite halves of a field or court .
• Individual players take turns crossing onto the other team’s side, repeating “kabaddi, kabaddi” (or an alternate chant)
• Points are scored by tagging as many opponents as possible without being caught or taking a breath before returning to one’s home territory.
• Kabaddi is also known as hu-tu-tu in western India, ha-do-do in eastern India and Bangladesh , chedu-gudu in southern India, gudu in Sri Lanka, and theechub in Thailand.

Important Points
Wrestling is the national sport of Iran.
Additional Information

• The number of players in the Kabaddi game is 12 but seven players take the field to play.
• The hockey match consists of two halves of 35–35 minutes each. There are 11 players in each team 
• Important terms related to hockey - Golly, Right Back, Flick, Linesman, Sneddeth, Bully, RollOn, PushIn, Shooting Circle, In Frigment.

Important Points
'Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao' scheme: 

• This scheme was launched as one of the flagship programmes.
• It aims to address the declining child sex-ratio.
• It aims to ensure the education and participation of the girl child.

Key Points
'Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao' scheme Rajasthan performance:

• Rajasthan for three  consecutive times won the best award for its best practices, innovations, awareness generation, community engagement and improvement in sex ratio at birth, under the ‘ Beti Bachao Beti Padhao ’ (BBBP).
• Hanumangarh and Jhunjhunun districts were honoured at the national level in the ceremony Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Abhiyan (BBBP). 
• In this campaign, 25 best performing district collectors from across the country were honoured. 
• In this, Hanumangarh district of the state was awarded in the 'Enabling Girl Child Education' category and Jhunjhunu district was awarded the child sex ratio 'PCPNDT' category for the third consecutive year. Hence statement 4 is not correct.

'Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao' scheme: 

• Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao is a campaign of the Government of India that aims to generate awareness and improve the efficiency of welfare services intended for girls in India.
• The scheme was launched in 2015.
• It was launched with initial funding of ₹100 crores.

Additional Information
The objectives of this initiative are:

• Prevention of gender-biased sex selective elimination.
• Ensuring survival & protection of the girl child.
• Ensuring education and participation of the girl child.

Key Points

• The day was  May 18 in the year 1974 . On this day, the Indian government conducted its first nuclear test in the deserts of  Pokhran ,  Rajasthan  making it a peaceful  nuclear explosion.
• India’s first successful nuclear test was performed here in 1974.
• Nuclear reactors present here are best in the world in terms of their safety level.
• It has a 1,080 MW capacity.
• It has six pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) units. 
• 'Smiling Buddha'  (MEA designation:  Pokhran-I)  was the assigned code name of India's first successful nuclear bomb test.
• With  Smiling Buddha,  India became the world's sixth nuclear power after the  United States, Soviet Union, Britain, France, and China  to successfully test out a nuclear bomb.     

Additional Information

Chagai-I :

• Chagai-I  is the code name of five simultaneous underground nuclear tests conducted by Pakistan at 15:15 hrs PST on 28 May 1998.
• The tests were performed at Ras Koh Hills in the Chagai District of Balochistan Province.

Project 596 :

• Project 596,  was the first nuclear weapons test conducted by the People's Republic of China, detonated on 16 October 1964, at the Lop Nur test site.
• It was a uranium-235 implosion fission device made from weapons-grade uranium enriched in a gaseous diffusion plant in Lanzhou.

Shakti 1–1 :

• On 27 March 2019, India tested an anti-satellite weapon during an operation code-named  Mission Shakti.
• The target of the test was a satellite present in a low Earth orbit, which was hit with a kinetic kill vehicle.

Key Points

• At the time of integration of the Princely state of Rajasthan, Jodhpur state was integrated into Rajasthan on dated  30^th  march 1949 , at that time Maharaja of Jodhpur was Hanwant Singh. 
• This was the  4 th  stage of Rajasthan Integration  known as  'Vrhat Rajasthan '.
  • It was inaugurated by Sardar Patel
  • Hanwant Singh was appointed Varishta Up-Rajpramukh of 'Vrhat Rajasthan' .

Malware Protection:

• Malware is any software intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer, server, client, or computer network.
• A range of antivirus software, firewalls and other strategies are used to protect against the introduction of malware.

Key Points
Operating system:

• An operating system is a large and complex system.
• OS system components include:
  • File,
  • Process,
  • Memory,
  • I/O device management.

Additional Information
The process management component:

• The process management component is a procedure for managing the many processes that are running simultaneously on the operating system.
• Every software application program has one or more processes when they are running.
• For example, when we use a browser like Google Chrome, there is a process running for that browser program.
• All these processes managed by process management. 
• The process management uses memory allocated to them and shutting them down when needed.
• File management
  • File management in an operating system includes file creation and deletion.
  • Manipulating files and directories.
• Memory management
  • An Operating System performs the functions for Memory Management such as:
    • It helps to keep track of primary memory.
    • Determine what parts of it are in use by whom, what part is not in use.
• I/O device management
  • An Operating System performs the functions for I/O device management such as:
    • It offers buffer caching system
    • It provides general device driver code
    • It provides drivers for particular hardware devices.