Test: Overview of GST - B Com MCQ

The main objective of Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India is to simplify the tax system by replacing multiple indirect taxes (like VAT, excise duty, service tax) that were levied by the central and state governments. GST is designed to eliminate the cascading effect of taxes, where taxes were levied on top of other taxes, making goods and services more expensive. By creating a unified tax structure, GST aims to promote ease of doing business and create a single national market. This reform helps in reducing the overall tax burden on goods and services.

Under the Goods and Services Tax (GST) model in India, for intra-state transactions (transactions within the same state), two taxes are levied:

• Central GST (CGST), which is collected by the Central Government.
• State GST (SGST), which is collected by the State Government.

Together, CGST and SGST make up the tax levied on goods and services for transactions within a single state.

The GST Council is the key body responsible for making decisions related to the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India. It consists of the Union Finance Minister, the State Finance Ministers, and other members. The GST Council makes decisions on important matters such as tax rates, exemptions, and other policy decisions related to the implementation of GST in India. It plays a crucial role in shaping the tax structure and ensuring coordination between the central and state governments.

The dual GST model in India is a unique structure designed to accommodate the federal nature of the country. Under this model, both the Central Government and the State Governments levy taxes on goods and services. This ensures that both levels of government have the authority to collect revenue independently while working under a unified tax framework.

In India, alcohol for human consumption is excluded from the Goods and Services Tax (GST) system. It is taxed separately by individual states under their own excise duties. However, petroleum products and tobacco products are subject to GST, with petroleum products being taxed under the GST framework at a later stage (though they are not included in the GST for the time being). Precious metals like gold are also taxed under GST at specific rates.

The primary advantage of GST for businesses in India is the reduced compliance costs. GST simplifies the tax structure by replacing multiple indirect taxes such as VAT, excise duty, and service tax with a single unified tax. This reduces the paperwork and administrative burden for businesses, as they no longer need to deal with multiple tax systems across states. The seamless flow of input tax credit and the ability to offset taxes on inputs against taxes on output also helps businesses reduce their overall tax burden.

The GST Council is responsible for recommending the rates, rate bands, and the tax subsumption under the Goods and Services Tax (GST) system in India. It is a constitutional body consisting of the Union Finance Minister and State Finance Ministers. The GST Council plays a key role in making decisions about the GST structure, including determining the tax rates for different goods and services, which are then implemented by both the central and state governments.

The primary reason for broadening the tax base under GST is to cover a larger percentage of the population. By including a wider range of goods, services, and businesses under the GST system, the government ensures that more economic activities are taxed, which helps increase tax compliance and revenue. This expansion helps in reducing tax evasion and promotes a more inclusive tax structure that benefits the overall economy. The objective is to make taxation more transparent and efficient, rather than reducing the tax burden or creating distortions.

Article 279A of the Indian Constitution deals with the Goods and Services Tax (GST) Council. It provides for the establishment of the GST Council, which is responsible for making recommendations on important issues related to the implementation of GST, such as tax rates, exemptions, and other aspects of the GST structure. This article ensures the coordination between the central and state governments in matters related to GST.

The Compensation Bill was introduced in the context of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) to ensure that states are compensated for any revenue loss they might experience due to the implementation of GST. Under the GST framework, the states agreed to a reduction in their tax revenues in exchange for the broader benefits of a unified tax system. The Compensation Bill ensures that states receive compensation for any shortfall in their revenue, based on the projected growth rate, for a certain period (usually five years from GST implementation). This provision helps maintain the financial stability of states during the transition to GST.