BPSC Practice Test- 3 - BPSC (Bihar) MCQ

Provisions for the establishment of an independent judiciary

• Security has been provided to the tenure of judges
• Judges cannot engage in any function of the judiciary after retirement.
• The power to punish for contempt is given to the judiciary
• All expenses related to the judiciary will be borne by the Consolidated Fund of India.

Constitutional Provision

• The provision of the Supreme Court has been made in the Indian Constitution under Part V (Union) and Chapter 6 (Union Judiciary).
• Articles 124 to 147 in Part V of the Constitution deal with the organization, independence, jurisdiction, powers and procedures of the Supreme Court.
• The Constitution of India under Article 124(1) states that there shall be a Supreme Court of India consisting of a Chief Justice (CJI) and not more than seven other judges unless Parliament by law determines a larger number of other judges. does.
• The jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India can generally be classified into original jurisdiction, appellate jurisdiction and advisory jurisdiction. However, the Supreme Court has many other powers.

Pulses are a good source of proteins.

An important alloy of iron is stainless steel, and it is very resistant to corrosion. It is used in architecture, bearings, cutlery, surgical instruments and jewellery. 
IMPORTANT FACT 

• Stainless steel is a corrosion-resistant alloy of iron, chromium and, in some cases, nickel and other metals.

In a process called photolysis ('light' and 'splitting'), light energy and a catalyst interact to split water molecules into protons (H+), electrons and oxygen gas.
Option Explanation 

• Radiolysis  is the separation of molecules by ionizing radiation. It is the cleavage of one or several chemical bonds as a result of exposure to high-energy currents.
• Electrolysis  , the process by which an electric current is passed through a substance to effect a chemical change.
• Chemical decomposition occurs by heating thermolysis . If a reaction is endothermic, heat is required for the reaction to proceed.

important point 

• Photolysis is the process by which a photochemical reaction is conducted. The immediate result of light absorption is the primary photochemical reaction. Secondary reactions are called subsequent chemical changes.

confusing  points _  _

• Photolysis is defined as the decomposition of substances when exposed to light, whereas photooxidation is the oxidation of a substance when exposed to light.
• Irradiation of tryptophan with UV light produces a tryptophan radical and a hydrated electron.

• Sodium carbonate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula (Na₂CO₃).
•  It is also called 'washing soda' or 'washing soda' (washing soda or soda ash and soda crystals).

Statement 2 is incorrect because each component of a vector is always a vector, not scalar.

• The magnitude of a vector is always a scalar. For instance magnitude of the velocity of a body moving in a straight line may be equal to the speed of the body.
• The average speed of a particle is either greater or equal to the magnitude of average velocity of the particle over the same interval of time. Because the total path length is either greater than or equal to the magnitude of the displacement vector.
• Three vectors not lying in a plane can never add up to give a null vector. Because the resultant of two vectors will not lie in the plane of third vector and hence cannot cancel its effect to give null vector.

• Money Bill has been defined in Article 110.
• The money bill can be kept by the Rajya Sabha only for 14 days.
• There is no provision for a joint session with respect to a money bill.
• The President cannot return the Money Bill for reconsideration.
• Prior permission of the President is necessary before introducing both the Finance Bill and the Money Bill in the Lok Sabha.
• Whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not, is decided by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha under Article 110 (3) of the Constitution, and his decision is final.
• The President cannot return the Money Bill for reconsideration.

IMPORTANT FACTS -
According to Article 110, a Bill shall be deemed to be a Money Bill which shall contain any or all of the following provisions -

• The abolition, remission, alteration or regulation of the imposition of any tax.
• The regulation of the borrowing of money or the giving of any guarantee by the Government of India or the amendment of the law relating to any financial obligations taken or likely to be incurred by the Government of India.
• The custody of the Consolidated Fund or Contingency Fund of India, depositing money in or withdrawing money from any such fund.
• The appropriation of moneys out of the Consolidated Fund of India.
• To declare any expenditure to be an expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of India or to increase the amount of any such expenditure.
• Receiving money from the Consolidated Fund of India or the Public Account of India or the custody or issue of such money or the audit of the accounts of the Union or a State.
• Any matter incidental to any of the matters specified in sub-sections (a) to (f).

The Central Government has constituted a task force to monitor and provide guidance on expansion of diagnostic facilities in the wake of monkeypox cases in India and to explore the possibility of vaccination for it in the country.
The team will be headed by Dr V K Paul, who is the member (Health) of NITI Aayog.

IMPORTANT FACTS -

• The decision was taken during a meeting on 1 August which was attended by the Cabinet Secretary, Union Health Secretary Rajesh Bhushan, Additional Secretary (PMO) and other senior officials.
• So far, four cases of monkeypox have been reported in India, three in Kerala and one in Delhi.
• A young man with monkeypox-like symptoms died in Kerala last week, prompting state Health Minister Veena George to launch a high-level investigation.
• As per the World Health Organisation (WHO), more than 18,000 cases of monkeypox have been reported from 78 countries.

About Monkeypox :

• Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease.
• It is caused by monkeypox virus.
• This virus belongs to the same family of viruses that cause smallpox.
• It is endemic in areas such as West and Central Africa. However, cases are also being reported from non-endemic countries.

Soft currency

• A soft currency is one with a value that fluctuates less relative to other currencies mainly because there is less demand for that currency in the foreign exchange markets. 
• A soft currency struggles to maintain its value against other currencies.
• This happens because traders and investors want to hold other currencies more than soft ones.
• This weak demand is often the result of a country's political or economic instability, which in turn makes the price of the currency more volatile.
• The currencies of most developing countries are considered soft currencies.

IMPORTANT FACTS
Hard currency

• Hard currency is one that everyone trusts because they expect it to retain its value.
• A hard currency does not suffer from frequent rapid exchange rate fluctuations.
• People prefer to use hard currency for international transactions. It is easily convertible.

In the context of agriculture in India, the full form of MSP is "Minimum Support Price".
IMPORTANT FACT:

• MSP, also known as Minimum Support Price, is a type of guaranteed price that is provided to the farmers on their crops.
• Through the Minimum Support Price, the farmers' income does not fluctuate even if the price of their crops is low.
• Farmers should not be affected by more or less the price of crops in the markets, that is why the minimum support price is fixed by the government on the crops of the farmers. 
• The Minimum Support Price for crops is decided by the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP).

• The components of Insulin are Glucose and fructose.
• Insulin is a hormone present in our body. 
• Insulin is a peptide hormone.
• It is secreted in beta cells.
• Beta cells are present in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas.
• Insulin plays a role to maintain the blood glucose level in our body.
• Insulin is made up of glucose and fructose.
• Insulin is composed of polysaccharides i.e. a long-chain monosaccharide that is bound together with glycosidic bonds​

• Hybridization: 
  • Hybridization is the process of combining two atomic orbitals to form a hybrid orbital in a molecule.
• sp Hybridisation:
  • When one ‘s’ orbital and one ‘p’ orbitals of an atom mix to form two new equivalent orbitals.
• sp² Hybridisation:
  • When one ‘s’ orbital and two ‘p’ orbitals of an atom mix to form 3 equivalent orbitals.
• sp³ Hybridisation:
  • When one ‘s’ orbital and three ‘p’ orbitals of an atom mix together to form four new equivalent orbital

Oxygen has six valence electrons: Two hydrogens will make 2 sigma bonds and the rest 4 electrons will go in lone pairs. Hence effectively, there are 4 bonds, which gives hybridization as sp³. Therefore option 3 is correct.

Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya was based in Delhi.
Key Points

• Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya was also known as Mehboob-e-Illahi. 
• He belongs to Chisti Silsila of Sufi order.
• Chisti Silsila:
  • ​The Chisti order was founded by Khwaja Abdal Chisti in Heart.
  • It was brought to India by Khwaja Moin-ud-din Chisti.
  • Khwaja’s other disciple Qutub-din-Baktiyar Kaki established Chisti Silsila in Delhi.
  • Qutub Minar is named after Qutub-din-Baktiyar Kaki.
  • Last important Chisti Sufi of Delhi was Nasserudin Chirag-e-Delhi.

Limestone is found in Kaimur (Bhabhua), Monghyr and Rohtas districts.
Mica is found in Nawada district.
Quartzite is found in Lakhisarai, Monghyr and Nalanda districts.
Lead - zinc is found in Banka and Rohtas districts. 
Bihar’s mineral wealth was virtually depleted when the mineral - rich Chotta Nagpur plateau became part of Jharkhand. Still, there are a few pockets in the state where minerals are found. 

Important Points -
Important Minerals of Bihar :

• Pyrite 
  • It is Sulphide of iron (FeS), which is used to manufacture sulphuric acid. Sulphuric Acid is one of the most important chemical in industries like, fertilizer, petroleum, steel, Chemical etc.
  • In Bihar it is mainly found in the Son Valley region of Rohtas district. Bihar has monopoly in terms of production of pyrite ore. About 95% of total pyrite ore production comes from Bihar, which is around 9539 tonnes/year.
  • Pyrite is also known as  - "Fool's Gold." 
• Steatite
  • It is also known as Soapstone or Talc. Basically it is powdered Schist. 
  • The major producer of steatite in Bihar are Munger and Shankarpur (Jamui). Steatite production in the state is about 945 tonnes per year.
  • It is used mainly in cosmetics and paint industry. It is rich in magnesium. 
• Limestone (CaCO₃) 
  • Limestone in Bihar are found mainly in Kaimur, Rohtas and Munger districts. Annual production of limestone is about 4,78,000 tonnes/year.
  • Limestone is one of the most important heavy raw material for Cement industries.
• Mica
  • There are three main types of mica i.e. (I). Muscovite  (II). Phlogopite and (III). Biotite. Out of these the best quality mica is Muscovite, which is produced in Bihar. Muscovite in Bihar is produced in Nawada, which is a part of mica producing 145 Km long and 32 Km wide strip from Nawada to Giridih. Other than Nawada, mica is also extracted in Jamui and Gaya (Bijaur and Vishnupur).
  • In the cosmetics industry, its reflective and refractive properties make mica an important ingredient in blushes, eye liner, eye shadow, foundation, hair and body glitter, lipstick, lip gloss, mascara, moisturizing lotions, and nail polish.
• Quartz/Silica Sand 
  • In Bihar Quartz is mainly extracted in Munger, Lakhisarai and Nalanda districts.
  • It is basically a Silica based mineral, which is used in the manufacturing of glass. 
  • Quartz is also important for cement, electric and electrical industries. 
• Feldspar
  • In Bihar Feldspar is extracted from Gaya, Jamui and Munger.
  • Feldspar is used to enamel utensils, in insulting purposes and in making of artificial teeth.
• Quartzite
  • In Bihar Quartzite is mainly extracted from Munger (Khadagpur Hills), Lakhisarai, Nalanda and Jamui districts.
  • Quartzite is mainly used for building and construction purposes. While in industries, it is used as heat insulators. 
• Bauxite 
  • In Bihar Bauxite is found mainly in Munger (Khadagpur Hills) and Rohtas districts. It is found that Munger has about 1.5 Million tonnes of Bauxite reserve of very high quality Aluminium ore.
  • Bauxite is an ore of aluminium, which is used to manufacture aluminium metal.

Malala Day is celebrated by the United Nations on 12 July to honour the rights of women and children around the world.
IMPORTANT FACTS -
About Malala Yousafzai :

• Malala Yousafzai is a Pakistani activist.
• Malala Yousafzai was born on 12 July 1997 in Swat district of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
• In 2012, Malala was shot in the head by Taliban gunmen after advocating for girls' education.
• She soon recovered and continued her advocacy for girls' rights despite the attack.
• Malala began writing for the BBC in 2009.
• She was 11 when she shared her regular school life during an era when girls were banned from school.
• Malala founded the Malala Fund. It is an NGO that helps young girls to go to school.
• She has also co-authored the book "I Am Malala".

Prize :

• She was awarded the International Children's Peace Prize (2013), Mexico's Equality Award (2013), United Nations Human Rights Award (2013), Pakistan's National Youth Peace Prize (2011) etc.
• Malala became the youngest recipient of the Nobel Prize in 2014 at the age of 17.
• Time magazine also named Malala one of the 100 most influential people.

The Government of India Act, 1919 was based on the Montagu-Chelmsford Report.
IMPORTANT FACTS: 
The Government of India Act, 1919

• The Government of India Act, 1919 is known as the Montagu-Chelmsford Report.(1919).
• The Act incorporated the reforms recommended in the report of the Secretary of State for India, Edwin Montagu, and the Viceroy, Lord Chelmsford.
• The Government of India Act 1919 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
• It was passed to expand the participation of Indians in the Government of India.
• The act received royal assent on 23 December 1919.
• This act came into force in 1921.
• The Act covered ten years from 1919 to 1929.
• It was to be reviewed by the Simon Commission in 10 years.
• This act represented the end of benevolent autocracy (the act of exaltation by the authorities) and began the origin of responsible government in India.

Harshavardhana organized a huge Buddhist conference in Kannauj.
Important fact 
Harsh Vardhan

• After the death of Rajyavardhan, Harshavardhana ascended the throne of Thaneshwar in 606 AD at the age of 16.
• Harshavardhana was a moderate ruler, he was a Shaivite in his early life, but gradually became a great patron of Buddhism.
• The Chinese traveler Hansang came to the court of Harshavardhana.
• He is also known as Shiladitya.
• He assumed the title of Parambhattaraka King.
• Harsha defeated Shashank and occupied Kannauj and made it his capital.
• Harsha composed the plays Priyadarsika, Ratnavali and Nagananda in Sanskrit language.
• Banabhatta was Harsha's court poet, he composed Harshacharita and Kadambari.
• Banabhatta's guru was Bharchu.
• Harsha is said to be the last Hindu emperor of India.
• Harshavardhana composed three plays Priyadarsika, Ratnavali and Nagananda. Harshavardhana was defeated by Pulakeshin II, the ruler of Chalukya dynasty on the banks of river Narmada.

• The Chishti sect in India was founded by Sheikh Moinuddin Chishti.
• Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki was a contemporary of Sultan Qutbuddin Aibak.
• Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya was the most famous of the Chishti saints Nizamuddin Auliya had a dispute with Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq Nizamuddin Auliya is said to have witnessed the tenure of seven sultans.
• The famous poet Amir Khusrau was a disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya.

Important facts

• Moinuddin Chishti was born in 1141-42 AD in Sizistan (present-day Sistan) of Iran.
• Moinuddin Chishti came to India with Mohammad Ghori and settled in Ajmer. Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti started preaching at that time as well as living in Ajmer in the year 1192 AD.
• The Dargah of Moinuddin Chishti remains in Ajmer itself.
• Rulers like Muhammad bin Tughlaq, Sher Shah Suri, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, Dara Shikoh and Aurangzeb visited his dargah in Ajmer.  
• The Mughal ruler Akbar considered Sheikh Salim Chishti as his guru.
• The Chishti silsila in India was founded by Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti.
• He emphasized the principle of oneness with God (Wahdat al-Wujud). The members of this series were peace-loving.
• He rejected all material things as means of distraction/distraction from the contemplation of God.
• The disciples of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti like Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki, Fariduddin Ganj-e-Shakar, Nizamuddin Auliya and Nasiruddin Charag etc. worked to popularize and carry forward the teachings of Chishti.

Other Major Sufi Silsilas:
Suhrawardi Order

• It was founded by  Sheikh Shahabuddin Suhrawardy Maktool  .
• Unlike the Chishti silsila, the followers of the Suhrawardi silsila accepted the patronage/grant of the sultans/state.

Naqshbandi sequence

• It was founded by Khwaja Baha-ul-Din Naxband.  
• This sequence was established in India by Khwaja Bahauddin Naqshbandi.
• From the very beginning, the mystics of this series insisted on the observance of Shariat.

Qadiriya Series 

• It was popular in Punjab.
• It was founded by Sheikh Abdul Qadir Gilani in the 14th century  .
• He was a supporter of the Mughals under Akbar.  

Krypton is an inert gas.
IMPORTANT FACTS

• Group 18 of the periodic table includes the inert gases helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr) and Xenon (Xe).
• All are present in gaseous form and exists in atomic form.

Chemical Properties

• The noble gases are inert. They do not participate in the reactions easily. The inertness is due to
• Having stable electronic configuration i.e. complete octet.
• Having high Ionization energies.
• Having very low electron affinity.

OPTIONS EXPLANATION

• Oxygen-  Chalcogen (Group 16 element)
• Chlorine -Halogen (Group 17 element)
• Nitrogen-pnicogens (Group 15 element)

• Eutrophication, the gradual increase in the concentration of phosphorus, nitrogen, and other plant nutrients in an aging aquatic ecosystem such as a lake. 
• The productivity or fertility of such an ecosystem naturally increases as the amount of organic material that can be broken down into nutrients increases.

Related points

• Air pollution refers to any physical, chemical, or biological change in the air. It is the contamination of air by harmful gases, dust, and smoke that affects plants, animals, and humans drastically. 

Types of Air Pollutants

• Primary Pollutants- The pollutants that directly cause air pollution are known as primary pollutants.                
• Secondary Pollutants- The pollutants formed by the intermingling and reaction of primary pollutants are known as secondary pollutants.

• The cell wall is composed of a network of cellulose microfibrils and cross-linking glycans embedded in a highly cross-linked matrix of pectin polysaccharides.

Related points

• The outermost hard protective covering found around plant cells is called the cell wall. It gives definite shape and size to the cell.

Functions of cell wall-

• Renders mechanical strength
• Serve as food reservoir
• It maintains the shape of the cell
• It regulates the intercellular transport
• It regulates the expansion of cells
• Provides protection against pathogens
• These structures have signalling devices against the invasion and attacks of pathogens