Test: Respiration in Organisms

Insect bodies have openings, called spiracles, along the thorax and abdomen. These openings connect to the tubular network, allowing oxygen to pass into the body, regulating the diffusion of CO₂ and water vapor. 

During exhalation, i.e. releasing air during respiration, the ribs move downwards to reduce the volume of the thoracic cavity.

Stomata are small openings on the leaves surface through which exchange of gases takes place in plants.

Gills are respiratory organs in fish. Gills intake oxygen from water.

• Breathing may be defined as the process of taking in oxygen from the environment and giving out carbon dioxide So, breathing is just a physical process in which no energy is released.
• On the other hand, the process of respiration is more complex. It involves the inhalation of air, absorption and transport of oxygen to various cells of the body, oxidation of food in the cells, and elimination of carbon dioxide from the body. Thus, respiration is a biochemical process.

Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen and is less efficient than aerobic respiration. Unlike aerobic respiration, the end products here are ethyl alcohol as in alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid as in animal cells.

Thus Option C is correct.

Blood is red coloured due to the presence of hemoglobin pigment that carries oxygen.

The part of breathing during which oxygen rich air is taken in is called inhalation.

During aerobic respiration, complete oxidation of food takes place and more energy is released in form of ATP.

The pharynx opens in the larynx through the glottis which is guarded by leaf-like unpaired cartilage which is called epiglottis. It prevents the entrance of food into the trachea.