Test: India And The World - 1 - Class 5 MCQ

Country: Latvia
Explanation:
The country that was once one of the 15 republics of the Soviet Union, lies on the shores of the Baltic Sea, and has Riga as its capital is Latvia.
Here are the key points to support the answer:
- Latvia is a country located in Europe, specifically in the Baltic region.
- It was one of the 15 republics that constituted the Soviet Union.
- Latvia gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.
- The country is known for its beautiful landscapes, historical sites, and cultural heritage.
- Riga, the capital city of Latvia, is a vibrant and cosmopolitan city with a rich history and stunning architecture.
- The country is also a member of the European Union and NATO.
In conclusion, the country that fits the given description is Latvia.

Rectification of the Calendar Error
The error in the Julian calendar was rectified by Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced the modern calendar known as the Gregorian calendar. Here is a detailed explanation:
Introduction of the Julian calendar:
- The Julian calendar was introduced by Julius Caesar in 45 BCE.
- It was based on the solar year, consisting of 365.25 days.
Error in the Julian calendar:
- The Julian calendar introduced an error of 1 day every 128 years.
- This error occurred because the tropical year, which is the time it takes for the Earth to orbit the Sun, is slightly less than 365.25 days.
Rectification by Pope Gregory XIII:
- In 1582, Pope Gregory XIII introduced the Gregorian calendar to rectify the error in the Julian calendar.
- The Gregorian calendar is a modification of the Julian calendar with more accurate calculations.
Key features of the Gregorian calendar:
- The Gregorian calendar retained the 365-day year of the Julian calendar.
- To account for the accumulated error, 10 days were skipped in October 1582 when the Gregorian calendar was first implemented.
- Additionally, a new rule for leap years was introduced.
- According to the Gregorian calendar, a year that is divisible by 4 is a leap year, except for years that are divisible by 100 but not by 400.
Adoption of the Gregorian calendar:
- The adoption of the Gregorian calendar varied among countries.
- Catholic countries were the first to adopt it, while Protestant and Eastern Orthodox countries adopted it later.
Impact of the Gregorian calendar:
- The Gregorian calendar is now the most widely used civil calendar in the world.
- It is used by most countries for their official purposes and international affairs.
- The Gregorian calendar significantly improved the accuracy of tracking the solar year and eliminated the error introduced by the Julian calendar.
Therefore, it was Pope Gregory XIII who rectified the error in the Julian calendar and created the modern Gregorian calendar that is widely used today.

Answer:
The headquarters of the United Nations is located in New York City. Here is a detailed explanation:
Introduction:
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization that was established on October 24, 1945, after World War II. Its main objective is to promote international cooperation and maintain peace and security among nations.
Location of Headquarters:
The headquarters of the United Nations is situated in New York City, United States.
Reasons for choosing New York as the headquarters:
1. Historical Significance: The United States played a crucial role in the formation of the UN, and New York City was chosen as the location for its headquarters due to its historical significance and international influence.
2. Accessibility: New York City is a major transportation hub, making it easily accessible for diplomats, representatives, and staff from all member nations to gather and work together.
3. Security: The United Nations requires a secure environment for its operations, and New York City provides advanced security infrastructure to protect the headquarters and its personnel.
4. International Influence: New York City is one of the world's most influential cities, serving as a global center for politics, finance, culture, and media. The presence of the UN in New York City enhances its international visibility and facilitates interaction with various stakeholders.
5. Importance of the United States: As one of the founding members of the UN, the United States has been a significant contributor to the organization's operations, making New York City a suitable location for its headquarters.
In conclusion, the headquarters of the United Nations is located in New York City due to its historical significance, accessibility, security, international influence, and the importance of the United States in the organization.

The Royal Observatory Greenwich is situated in London.
Explanation:
- The Royal Observatory Greenwich is a historic site and museum located in Greenwich, London.
- It is situated on a hill in Greenwich Park, offering panoramic views of the city.
- The observatory was commissioned in 1675 by King Charles II of England and played a significant role in the development of astronomy and navigation.
- It is the location from which the prime meridian (0° longitude) is measured, making it the origin of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
- The observatory houses various scientific instruments and displays, including the famous Harrison clocks that revolutionized accurate timekeeping at sea.
- Visitors can explore the observatory's exhibits, learn about the history of astronomy, and even stand on the Prime Meridian line.
- The Royal Observatory Greenwich is a popular tourist attraction and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- It offers a unique opportunity to delve into the world of astronomy and navigation while enjoying the stunning surroundings of Greenwich Park.

A: Unscrambled Code - JFK
The unscrambled code JFK corresponds to John F. Kennedy International Airport, located in New York City, United States.
B: Unscrambled Code - LHR
The unscrambled code LHR corresponds to Heathrow Airport, located in London, United Kingdom.
C: Unscrambled Code - CDG
The unscrambled code CDG corresponds to Charles de Gaulle Airport, located in Paris, France.
D: Unscrambled Code - SYD
The unscrambled code SYD corresponds to Sydney Airport, located in Sydney, Australia.
Therefore, the correct match is D - Sydney.

Answer:
The Maratha Kingdom was founded in the 17th century CE by Shivaji. Here is a detailed explanation of the topic:
Background:
- The Maratha Kingdom was established in the western part of the Indian subcontinent, primarily in present-day Maharashtra, India.
- It emerged as a powerful force in the 17th century CE and played a significant role in Indian history.
Founder:
- Shivaji Bhosle, popularly known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, was the founder of the Maratha Kingdom.
- He was born in 1630 CE in the Bhosle Maratha clan and hailed from the Bhonsle dynasty.
- Shivaji was a skilled warrior and a visionary leader who aimed to establish a sovereign Maratha state.
Achievements:
- Shivaji successfully established an independent Maratha Kingdom by defeating various regional powers and the Mughal Empire, which was ruling over a significant portion of India at that time.
- Under his leadership, the Marathas expanded their territories, including the capture of strategic forts and coastal regions.
- Shivaji implemented innovative administrative reforms, promoted religious tolerance, and focused on the welfare of his subjects.
- He also built a strong navy and encouraged trade and commerce in his kingdom.
Legacy:
- Shivaji's establishment of the Maratha Kingdom laid the foundation for Maratha dominance in Indian politics for several decades.
- The Marathas went on to become a significant force in Indian history, playing a crucial role in the downfall of the Mughal Empire and the establishment of the Maratha Confederacy.
- Shivaji's legacy as a brave warrior, skilled administrator, and champion of Hindu sovereignty continues to inspire people in Maharashtra and across India.
In conclusion, Shivaji founded the Maratha Kingdom in the 17th century CE. His leadership and achievements left a lasting impact on Indian history.