Test: Environment And Its Conversation - 2 - Class 5 MCQ

Active volcanoes
- Mt. Etna is an active volcano located on the east coast of Sicily, Italy.
- It is one of the most active volcanoes in the world, with frequent eruptions.
- Active volcanoes are those that have erupted recently or are expected to erupt in the future.
- They have a history of regular eruptions and are currently showing signs of volcanic activity.
- Mt. Etna has been erupting for thousands of years and continues to be an active volcano.
- It has a complex volcanic history and its eruptions can range from relatively small to large and explosive.
- The volcanic activity at Mt. Etna is closely monitored by scientists to understand its behavior and potential hazards.
- The continuous activity of Mt. Etna makes it a significant geological feature and a subject of study for volcanologists.

The certificate known as "Pollution Under Control" (PUC) is required for all vehicles in India to check the level of harmful gases emitted by the vehicles.
Here is a detailed explanation:
1. Importance of emission check:
- Emission check is crucial to ensure that vehicles are not emitting excessive levels of harmful gases into the atmosphere.
- It helps in controlling air pollution and protecting the environment.
2. Requirement for all vehicles:
- All vehicles in India, whether they are two-wheelers, cars, or commercial vehicles, are required to obtain an emission check certificate.
- This requirement is mandated by the government to ensure compliance with emission standards.
3. Purpose of the certificate:
- The emission check certificate, also known as the "Pollution Under Control" (PUC) certificate, certifies that a vehicle meets the prescribed emission norms.
- It indicates that the vehicle's emissions are within the permissible limits set by the government.
4. Process of obtaining the certificate:
- Vehicle owners need to take their vehicles to authorized emission testing centers to undergo the emission check.
- The testing centers use specialized equipment to measure the level of pollutants emitted by the vehicle.
- If the vehicle passes the emission test, the owner is issued the PUC certificate.
5. Validity and renewal:
- The PUC certificate is valid for a specific period, typically six months.
- After the validity period expires, the vehicle owner needs to get the emission check done again and obtain a renewed certificate.
6. Enforcement and penalties:
- The authorities regularly conduct checks to ensure that vehicles have a valid PUC certificate.
- If a vehicle is found to be without a valid certificate, the owner may be liable to pay a fine or penalty.
Conclusion:
Obtaining the "Pollution Under Control" (PUC) certificate is mandatory for all vehicles in India to check the level of harmful gases emitted. This certification process helps in controlling air pollution and protecting the environment. Vehicle owners should ensure timely renewal of the certificate to comply with the government's emission standards.

What to do during an earthquake:

If you are indoors:

• Stay inside and take cover under a desk, table, or sturdy furniture.


• Stay away from windows, glass, and heavy objects that could potentially fall.


• Protect your head and neck with your arms.


• If possible, take cover against an interior wall.


• Do not use elevators during an earthquake.


• If you are in bed, stay there and cover your head with a pillow.

If you are outdoors:

• Move to an open area away from trees, buildings, streetlights, and utility wires.


• Avoid areas with a potential for landslides or rockfalls.


• If you are in a vehicle, pull over to a safe location and avoid stopping under bridges, overpasses, or power lines.


• Stay inside the vehicle until the shaking stops.

Additional precautions:

• Be prepared by having an emergency kit with essential supplies.


• Know the emergency evacuation plan for your area.


• Secure heavy furniture and objects that could fall during an earthquake.


• Stay informed about earthquake safety procedures and listen to instructions from authorities.

Remember, it is important to stay calm during an earthquake and prioritize your safety. Following these guidelines can help reduce the risk of injury.

Ways to Save Water:
There are several ways to save water, and some of them are listed below:
1. Use water that is drained out from the washing machine to wash the toilet:
- After completing a laundry cycle, the water that is drained out from the washing machine can be collected and used to flush the toilet.
- This helps in utilizing water that would otherwise go to waste.
2. Keep the tap open while applying soap:
- This is an incorrect statement, as it promotes wastage of water.
- It is essential to turn off the tap while applying soap to conserve water.
3. Use water collected from rain to water the plants:
- Rainwater harvesting is an effective method to save water.
- Collecting rainwater in a storage system and using it to water plants reduces the usage of fresh water from other sources.
4. Both (a) and (c):
- The correct answer is option D, which includes using water drained out from the washing machine to wash the toilet (option A) and using rainwater to water the plants (option C).
- By adopting these practices, we can save water and contribute to water conservation efforts.
In conclusion, to save water, it is important to adopt sustainable practices such as reusing water and utilizing rainwater. These measures help in reducing water wastage and promoting conservation.

The incorrect statement regarding the conservation of the environment is D: Use of bleach and strong detergents is one of the ways to save the earth from getting polluted.
Explanation:
- A: Lead-free petrol in vehicles helps in reducing pollution.
- This statement is correct as lead-free petrol reduces air pollution by minimizing the release of harmful gases and pollutants.

- B: Greenpeace is an organization working to protect the environment through direct action.
- This statement is correct as Greenpeace is a global organization that actively works to protect the environment through non-violent direct action, lobbying, and campaigns.

- C: Use a bicycle or walk instead of using a car for short trips.
- This statement is correct as using alternative modes of transportation like bicycles or walking for short trips reduces carbon emissions and promotes a healthier lifestyle.

- D: Use of bleach and strong detergents is one of the ways to save the earth from getting polluted.
- This statement is incorrect. Bleach and strong detergents can be harmful to the environment as they contain chemicals that can pollute water sources and harm aquatic life. It is advisable to use eco-friendly and biodegradable cleaning products instead.
Therefore, the correct answer is D: Use of bleach and strong detergents is one of the ways to save the earth from getting polluted.

The activity of turning off the engine at red lights is aimed at conserving fuel. Here is a detailed explanation:
Reasoning:
- When a car engine is running, it consumes fuel to generate power and keep the car moving.
- At red lights, the car is not in motion, and there is no need for the engine to continue running.
- By turning off the engine at red lights, the car saves fuel that would otherwise be wasted.
- Conserving fuel is important because it is a non-renewable natural resource that is extracted from the Earth.
- Reducing fuel consumption helps to minimize the depletion of this resource and reduces carbon emissions, contributing to environmental conservation.
Key Points:
- Raj's request to turn off the engine at red lights is a conscious effort to conserve fuel.
- This activity helps in saving non-renewable natural resources and contributes to environmental conservation.
- Conserving fuel also reduces carbon emissions, which helps in combating climate change.
- It is a simple and effective way to promote sustainable transportation practices.
Therefore, the correct answer is C: Fuel.

Factors Contributing to Flooding due to Heavy Rainfall
- When there is a large amount of rainfall in a short period of time, it can lead to flooding. This occurs due to various factors, including:
1. Intense Rainfall: A significant amount of rainfall in a short duration overwhelms the soil's ability to absorb water, leading to surface runoff and an increase in water levels in rivers, streams, and other water bodies.
2. Steep Topography: In areas with steep slopes and hills, heavy rainfall can quickly flow downhill, causing flash floods and inundating lower-lying areas.
3. Urbanization: Urban areas with impermeable surfaces such as concrete and asphalt significantly reduce the natural absorption of rainwater, resulting in increased runoff and higher flood risks.
4. Clogged Drainage Systems: If drainage systems, such as gutters, storm drains, or canals, are blocked by debris or inadequate maintenance, it exacerbates the flooding problem by hindering water flow.
5. Deforestation: Loss of vegetation due to deforestation reduces the natural ability of forests to absorb rainfall, leading to higher runoff and increased flood potential.
Impacts of Flooding
- Flooding can have severe consequences, including:
1. Damage to Infrastructure: Floodwaters can damage roads, bridges, buildings, and other critical infrastructure, disrupting transportation systems and causing economic losses.
2. Displacement and Loss of Life: People living in flood-prone areas may be forced to evacuate, leading to temporary or permanent displacement. Additionally, flooding can cause fatalities and injuries.
3. Contamination of Water Sources: Floodwater can contaminate drinking water sources, leading to waterborne diseases and health hazards.
4. Impact on Agriculture: Floods can destroy crops, drown livestock, and damage agricultural land, leading to reduced food production and potential famine.
5. Environmental Damage: Flooding can harm ecosystems, destroy habitats, and result in the loss of biodiversity.
Conclusion
Heavy rainfall in a short period of time can indeed lead to flooding, causing significant damage to infrastructure, displacement of people, health risks, agricultural losses, and environmental damage. It is essential to implement proper urban planning, maintain drainage systems, preserve natural vegetation, and take precautionary measures to mitigate the impacts of flooding and safeguard communities from its adverse effects.

Fastest Change in Earth's Surface

The fastest change in Earth's surface is caused by landslides. Here's a breakdown of each option and why landslides are the fastest:

• Erosion: Erosion refers to the process of wearing away the Earth's surface through the action of wind, water, or ice. While erosion can occur rapidly in some cases, such as during flash floods, it generally happens at a slower pace compared to landslides.



• Landslides: Landslides occur when a mass of soil, rocks, or debris rapidly moves down a slope. They can be triggered by various factors such as heavy rainfall, earthquakes, or human activity. Landslides can cause significant and rapid changes in the Earth's surface, altering the landscape in a short period of time.



• Deposition: Deposition is the process of depositing sediment or particles onto the Earth's surface, often through the action of wind, water, or ice. While deposition can contribute to changes in the Earth's surface, it generally happens at a slower pace compared to landslides.



• Weathering: Weathering refers to the breakdown of rocks and minerals on the Earth's surface due to exposure to various weather conditions. While weathering can lead to changes in the Earth's surface over time, it typically occurs at a slower pace compared to landslides.

Therefore, out of the given options, landslides cause the fastest change in Earth's surface.

The place where an earthquake originates is called the focus.
- The focus is the point inside the Earth's crust where an earthquake begins.
- It is also known as the hypocenter.
- The focus is usually located beneath the Earth's surface, typically several kilometers deep.
- The release of energy from the focus creates seismic waves that propagate through the Earth's layers.
- The focus can vary in depth and can be shallow, intermediate, or deep depending on the type of earthquake.
- Shallow focus earthquakes occur within the first 70 kilometers of the Earth's surface.
- Intermediate focus earthquakes occur between 70 and 300 kilometers deep.
- Deep focus earthquakes occur at depths greater than 300 kilometers.
- The location of the focus is determined using seismographs and other seismic monitoring equipment.
- The epicenter, on the other hand, is the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus.
- The epicenter is the location typically reported in earthquake news and is determined based on data from multiple seismograph stations.
- The distance from the epicenter to different locations determines the intensity of the earthquake experienced at those locations.
Overall, the focus is the specific point within the Earth where an earthquake originates, while the epicenter is the corresponding point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus.

The Tsunami that occurred in Japan in 2011 was due to an earthquake.

1. Introduction: The devastating Tsunami that struck Japan in 2011 was caused by a powerful earthquake.


2. Explanation: The earthquake, known as the Great East Japan Earthquake or Tohoku Earthquake, occurred on March 11, 2011, off the coast of northeastern Japan.


3. Seismic activity: The earthquake had a magnitude of 9.0, making it one of the most powerful earthquakes ever recorded.


4. Underwater fault: The earthquake occurred due to the movement of tectonic plates along the Japan Trench, a subduction zone where the Pacific Plate is forced beneath the Eurasian Plate.


5. Elevation of the seabed: The earthquake caused a significant uplift of the seabed, displacing a large volume of water.


6. Tsunami formation: The sudden upward movement of the seabed generated a series of powerful tsunami waves.


7. Tsunami impact: The tsunami waves reached heights of up to 40 meters (131 feet) and traveled inland for several kilometers, causing widespread destruction along the northeastern coast of Japan.


8. Human and environmental impact: The tsunami resulted in the loss of thousands of lives, extensive damage to infrastructure, and triggered a nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant.

The 2011 Japan tsunami serves as a reminder of the destructive power of earthquakes and the importance of preparedness and early warning systems to mitigate such natural disasters.

Most Environment-Friendly Way of Bathing: Using a Bucket of Water

• Water Conservation: Using a bucket of water for bathing is the most environment-friendly option as it significantly reduces water consumption compared to other alternatives.


• Reduced Water Waste: Showers, especially long showers, tend to waste a lot of water as it continuously flows down the drain. However, using a bucket of water allows you to control the amount of water you use and minimize wastage.


• Energy Conservation: Showers require energy to heat the water, which contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. Using a bucket of water eliminates the need for heating water, thereby reducing energy consumption and its environmental impact.


• Sustainable Practice: Opting for a bucket of water aligns with sustainable practices and promotes responsible water usage, which is crucial for preserving our planet's freshwater resources.


• Cost-Effective: Using a bucket of water is also cost-effective as it reduces both water and energy bills, making it a practical choice for both the environment and your wallet.

Therefore, using a bucket of water for bathing is the most environmentally friendly option as it helps conserve water, reduce water waste, conserve energy, and promotes sustainable practices.

Conservation:
Conservation is the practice of preserving and protecting the environment and the natural resources present in it. It involves the sustainable use of resources to ensure their availability for future generations. Here is a detailed explanation of what conservation entails:
1. Preserving and protecting the environment:
- Conservation aims to protect ecosystems, biodiversity, and natural habitats from degradation and destruction.
- It involves efforts to prevent pollution, reduce deforestation, and conserve water bodies.
- Conservation also includes measures to mitigate climate change and promote sustainable energy sources.
2. Sustainable use of resources:
- Conservation focuses on using natural resources in a responsible and sustainable manner.
- This includes practices like reforestation, sustainable agriculture, and responsible fishing to ensure the long-term availability of resources.
- Conservation also promotes the efficient use of energy and encourages the adoption of renewable energy sources.
3. Biodiversity conservation:
- Conservation efforts are directed towards preserving the rich diversity of species and ecosystems.
- This involves protecting endangered species, establishing protected areas, and promoting habitat restoration.
- Conservation also recognizes the importance of biodiversity for ecosystem stability and resilience.
4. Educating and raising awareness:
- Conservation involves educating individuals and communities about the importance of environmental protection.
- This includes promoting sustainable practices, environmental ethics, and responsible consumer choices.
- Awareness campaigns and educational programs help build a conservation-minded society.
5. Collaboration and policy development:
- Conservation requires collaboration between governments, organizations, and individuals.
- Policies and regulations are developed to promote conservation practices and protect natural resources.
- International agreements and conventions play a crucial role in addressing global environmental challenges.
In conclusion, conservation is the proactive effort to preserve and protect the environment and its natural resources for the benefit of present and future generations. It involves sustainable resource use, biodiversity conservation, education, and policy development. By practicing conservation, we can ensure the long-term sustainability and health of our planet.