31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Morphology of Flowering - 3 - NEET MCQ

Scutellum is large, shield shaped cotyledon that helps in the absorption of nutrients from endosperm during germination. 
Topic in NCERT: Structure of Monocotyledonous Seed
Line in NCERT: "The embryo is small and situated in a groove at one end of the endosperm. It consists of one large and shield shaped cotyledon known as scutellum and a short axis with a plumule and a radicle."

Aggregate fruits of etec rio are those fruits that develop from the merger of multicarpelllary apocarpous gynoecium ( ovary). In contrast, a simple fruit develops from one ovary, Aggregate fruit may also be called accessory fruits in which part of the flower and form part of the fruit, e,g., raspberry, etc. They are of following types; Etaerio of follicles, etaerio of achenes, etaerio of berries, etaerio of drupes. 

If the margins of sepals or petals overlap one another but not in any particular direction as in Cassia and gulmohur, the aestivation is called imbricate. 
Topic in NCERT: Aestivation
Line in NCERT: "If the margins of sepals or petals overlap one another but not in any particular direction as in Cassia and gulmohur, the aestivation is called imbricate."

In sweet pea the gynoecium is monocarpellary and bears a single placenta along the junction of two fused margins, this is called marginal placentation.

Topic in NCERT: placentation

Line in NCERT: "In marginal placentation the placenta forms a ridge along the ventral suture of the ovary and the ovules are borne on this ridge forming two rows, as in pea."

Single cotyledon of embryo in cereal grain is represented by scutellum. Coleoptile represent the covering of stem. Coleorhiza represents the covering of root.

Topic in NCERT: Structure of Monocotyledonous Seed

Line in NCERT: "The embryo is small and situated in a groove at one end of the endosperm. It consists of one large and shield shaped cotyledon known as scutellum and a short axis with a plumule and a radicle."

The aleurone layer in maize grain is specially rich in proteins.
Aleurone (from Greek aleuron, flour) is a protein found in the endosperm of many seeds. It forms the outermost layer of the seed coat in some grains. During seed germination, hydrolysis in the seed causes the aleurone cells to break down into amino acids. Once triggered by hormones released from the embryo the aleurone synthesises enzymes in order to break down the starchy endosperm supplying sugars to drive the growth of roots and the acrospire. 

Aleurones can have two different morphological features, Homogenous and Heterogenous. The homogenous aleurone is consisted of similar protein bodies (e.g. Phaseolus vulgaris) while the heterogenous aleurone consisted different shape and type of proteins covered with a membrane (e.g. Ricinus communis).

Malvaceae - Cotton

The arrangement of ovules inside the ovary of a flowering plant is called placentation. In marginal  placentation, the ovule develop  from a longitudinal suture where the margins of the ovary wall fused. e.g.. Pea, gram. In apical placentation a single ovule is born near the apex of the ovary. Here ovary is unilocular (Cannabis). In superficial placentation the ovary is unilocular simple or syncarpous e.g. Nymphaea.

Topic in NCERT: placentation

Line in NCERT: "In parietal placentation, the ovules develop on the inner wall of the ovary or on peripheral part."

Sunflower is a dicotyledonous plant. Hence its embryo has two cotyledons. Plants like maize are monocotyledonous and  hence  have a single cotyledon in the embryo.

Topic in NCERT: Structure of Dicotyledonous Seed

Line in NCERT: "Within the seed coat is the embryo, consisting of an embryonal axis and two cotyledons."

Coir (Etymological origin: from Tamil and Malayalam - kayar - cord) is a coarse fibre extracted from the fibrous outer shell of a coconut. Coir fibres are found between the husk and the outer shell of a coconut. The individual fibre cells are narrow and hollow, with thick walls made of cellulose. They are pale when immature but later become hardened and yellowed as a layer of lignin is deposited on their walls.