Test: Reproductive Health - NEET MCQ

RCH stands for Reproductive and Child Health care.

Main aim of this program: Creating awareness among the people about different aspects of reproduction and available facilities for child health care.

Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: topic “REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH – PROBLEMS AND STRATEGIES” of chapter: Reproductive Health.

• Within the framework of the World Health Organization's (WHO) definition of health as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity", reproductive health, or sexual health/hygiene, addresses the reproductive processes, functions, and system at all stages of life.
• The different aspects of the reproductive phase include knowledge and precaution against STDs, different available contraceptive methods as well as assisted reproductive technologies for infertile couples.

Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: topic “REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH – Birth Control” of chapter: Reproductive Health.
 

Encephalitis (en-sef-uh-LIE-tis) is inflammation of the brain.

• There are several causes, but the most common is viral infection. 
• Encephalitis often causes only mild flu-like signs and symptoms — such as a fever or headache — or no symptoms at all.
• Common vectors include mosquitoes.
• Diseases such as Syphilis, AIDS and Genital Herpes are considered as sexually transmitted disease.

Hence, the correct option is C.

NCERT Reference: topic “SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STDs)” of chapter: Reproductive Health of NCERT.

Embryos with up to 8 blastomeres can be transferred into the fallopian tube (ZIFT), and embryos with more than 8 blastomeres can be transferred into the uterus (IUT). Thus, embryo transfer (ET) can involve transferring the embryo to either the fallopian tube or the uterus, depending on the stage of development of the embryo.

• The disease or infection which are transmitted through sexual intercourse are called VD (venereal disease) or STDs.
• Examples for STD: Gonorrhoea, Syphilis, Genital herpes, Chlamydiasis, Genital wart, Trichomoniasis, Hepatitis-B and AIDS.

Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: Topic “SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STDs)” of chapter: Reproductive Health of NCERT.

• The lactational amenorrhea (absence of menstruation) method is based on the fact that ovulation and therefore the cycle does not occur during the period of intense lactation following parturition.
• Therefore, as long as the mother breast-feeds the child fully, chances of conception are almost nil. However, this method has been reported to be effective only upto a maximum period of six months following parturition.

Hence, the correct option is D.
NCERT Reference: Topic “POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter Reproductive Health of NCERT.

• Condoms are protective covering of penis that does not allow the passage of semen into the vagina of female during sexual intercourse.
• This contraceptive prevents the fusion of body fluid of male and female and protects from STDs.
• In tubectomy, a small part of the fallopian tube is removed or tied up through a small incision in the abdomen or through vagina in females.
• Copper T is a copper-releasing IntraUterine Device. IUDs increase phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus and the Cu ions released suppress sperm motility and the fertilising capacity of sperms.
• Oral administration of small doses of either progestogens or progestogen–estrogen combinations is a contraceptive method used by females. They are used in the form of tablets and hence are popularly called pills. They inhibit ovulation and implantation as well as alter the quality of cervical mucus to prevent/ retard entry of sperms. Pills are very effective with lesser side effects and are well accepted by females.

Hence, the correct option is B.
NCERT Reference: Topic “POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter: Reproductive Health of NCERT.

• Oral contraceptives (birth control pills) can be taken to change the hormonal balance of the body so that the ovum is not released from the ovary.
• The pills may contain combinations of the hormones estrogen and progestin or progestin alone.
• Combinations of estrogen and progestin prevent pregnancy by inhibiting the release of the hormones luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland.
• LH and FSH play key roles in the development of the egg and preparation of the lining of the uterus for implantation of the embryo.
• Progestin also makes the uterine mucus that surrounds the egg more difficult for sperm to penetrate.

Since the ovum does not come into the Fallopian tube, it is not fertilized.

Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: topic “POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter Reproductive Health of NCERT.

• 10th to 17th day of menstrual cycle is called the risky period of conception as during which ovulation takes place.
• If sexual intercourse occurs during this period, there is a very high chance of fertilisation that may leads to pregnancy.

Hence, the correct option is D.
NCERT Reference: topic “POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter Reproductive Health of NCERT.

• STD can be transmitted via sexual contact or contact of body fluids like blood.
• Sharing needles or blades can lead to the sharing of blood, and thus the infectious agent if anyone using it is infected.
• Hence, shaving blades must not be shared with friends and should be thrown away after each use.

Hence, the correct option is D.

NCERT Reference: topic “SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STDs)” of chapter Reproductive Health.

• Copper T is a small, T-shaped intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD).
• The horizontal bar of which fits into the wide top of the uterus and the vertical bar extends down the uterus. It makes the uterus and fallopian tubes produce fluid that kills sperm. This fluid contains white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins.
• Copper ions, released by the IUD, is a spermicide and it kills sperm before it can fertilize the egg.

Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: topic “POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter Reproductive Health of NCERT.

Saheli is an oral contraceptive for females containing non-steroidal preparation. It is different from the other pills as it should be taken once in a week irrespective of daily in case of other pills.

Hence, the correct option is B.
NCERT Reference: Topic “POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter Reproductive Health of NCERT.

Preventive birth control measures is preventing union of ovum and sperm.

Some of the methods which helps in Birth control are:

• Barrier methods of contraception: Diaphragms, Sponges, and Cervical caps that prevent the sperm from entering the uterine cavity.
• Another effective and popular method is the use of Intrauterine Devices (IUDs). These devices are inserted by doctors or expert nurses in the uterus through vagina. These Intra Uterine Devices are presently available as the non-medicated IUDs (e.g., Lippes loop), copper-releasing IUDs (CuT, Cu7, Multiload 375) and the hormone releasing IUDs (Progestasert, LNG-20).
• Oral administration of small doses of either progestogens or progestogen–estrogen combinations is another contraceptive method used by the females. They are used in the form of tablets and hence are popularly called the pills.
• Surgical methods, also called sterilisation, are generally advised for the male/female partner as a terminal method to prevent any more pregnancies. Surgical intervention blocks gamete transport and thereby prevent conception.

Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: Topic “POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter Reproductive Health of NCERT.

• In some females, just after childbirth, there is a phase of amenorrhea or absence of menstruation.
• It is also the phase of intense lactation. In this during breastfeeding the child fully prevents conception.
• This method is, however, effective only up to a maximum period of 6 months. 

Hence, the correct option is C.
NCERT Reference: Topic “POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter Reproductive Health of NCERT.

• Good birth control measures should be easily available and cheaper.
• There should not be any interference with sexual desire without any side effect.

Hence, the correct option is C.
NCERT Reference: Topic “POPULATION EXPLOSION AND BIRTH CONTROL” of chapter Reproductive Health of NCERT.

• When egg and sperm fuse, pregnancy occurs. The normal period of pregnancy is 40 weeks which is divided into 3 trimesters.
• The 3 trimesters are:
  (i) First Trimester: First 3 months
  (ii) Second Trimester: 4th to 6th months
  (iii) Third Trimester: 6th to 9th months
• MTP is considered safe up to the first trimester so, 6, 8, 12 weeks would be okay, but 18 weeks comes under the second trimester and MTP at this stage would be a huge risk for mother.

Thus, the MTP Act allows for the termination of pregnancy up to 12 weeks of pregnancy.

Hence, the correct option is C.
NCERT Reference: Topic “MEDICAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY (MTP)” of chapter Reproductive Health of NCERT.

The couples can be assisted to have children through certain special techniques called the assisted reproductive technologies (ART).

The applications of reproductive technology are:
(i) Test tube baby
(ii) Artificial insemination technique (AIT)
(iii) Gamete intra Fallopian transfer (GIFT)
(iv) lntra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: Topic “INFERTILITY” of chapter Reproductive Health of NCERT.

• The inability to conceive even after two years of unprotected sexual co-habitation is called infertility. This may be due to not functioning of the male or female reproductive system properly.
• The couples can be assisted to have children through certain special techniques called the assisted reproductive technologies (ART).

The applications of reproductive technology are:
(i) Test tube baby
(ii) Artificial insemination technique (AIT)
(iii) Gamete intra Fallopian transfer (GIFT)
(iv) lntra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

Hence, the correct option is B.
NCERT Reference: topic “INFERTILITY” of chapter Reproductive Health of NCERT.

Amniocentesis is a method to know the chromosome type of the foetus.

• It is used to detect the genetic disorder of foetus by analyzing chromosomes.
• It is misused to known the sex of foetus.

NCERT Reference: topic “REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH – PROBLEMS AND STRATEGIES” of chapter Reproductive Health of NCERT.

• The transfer of embryo at 8-celled stage in the fallopian tube of female is called ZIFT (zygote intra fallopian transfer).
• During test tube baby programme egg fertilized in vitro is transferred to fallopian tube for further growth and development.

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Hence, the correct option is B
NCERT Reference: topic “INFERTILITY” of chapter Reproductive Health of NCERT.