31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Biodiversity & Conservation - 2 - NEET MCQ

Competition between organisms of the same species is called intraspecific competition. Mutualism is obligatory and mutually beneficial relationship occurring between two interacting organisms. Predation is the act of capturing, killing and eating. It is a negative interaction between two organisms. Migration is a permanent outward movement of individuals from a population for settling into a new area.

Acinonyx jubatus, commonly called cheetah, has gone extinct in recent times in India due to the rapid destruction of its habitat, high rate of mortality of the cubs and killing by hunters. Complete failure of its breeding in captivity is another factor for its extinction.

Habitat destruction affects the survival of populations and reduces biodiversity.

MAB, Man and Biosphere Programme, was launched by UNESCO in 1971. There are 14 projects under this programme, which focus on Research and Training with emphasis on ecological approach to the study of inter-relationship between man and the environment.

 If a forest is reduced to half which means that there is a reduction in the vegetation cover the forest will eventually end up in the formation of a desert or the process of desertification will take place. As we know that in an ecosystem there is the chain of balance and trees are an integral part of this system. As there will be a reduction in the number of trees the ecosystem will be disturbed and it might lead to the process of desertification.

Gir forest – Lion
Kaziranga – Rhinoceros
Manas – Elephant, Rhinoceros
Manali – Musk deer

Lion (Panthera leo persica) is an important protected animal in wildlife of India. It is an endangered animal. The conservation project for protection of lion was started in the year 1972 in 'Gir National Park' in Junagadh in Gujarat. 
Single horned rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis) is an important protected animal in wildlife of India. The conservation efforts for this animal started in 1987 as 'Project Rhino'. It is protected in 'Kaziranga National Park', Sibsagar, Jorhat, Assam. 
Tiger is protected in 'Sundarbans Tiger Reserve' in Bengal, as part of 'Project Tiger'. Sambar deer is widely distributed and is protected in Pench, Kanha, Bandipur etc.

Desertification is the process leading to the formation of desert. The main factor of desertification of land is over-grazing by herbivorous animals.

At low altitude and latitude more habitat is found  and environment  conditions are also more suitable i.e. more species and individuals occur at lower latitude and altitude places.

Kaziranga National Park in Assam is associated with rhinoceros.

Ranthambore National Park is one of the biggest and most renowned national parks in Northern India. The park is located in the Sawai Madhopur district of southeastern Rajasthan, which is about 130 km from Jaipur. Being considered as one of the famous and former hunting grounds of the Maharajas of Jaipur, today the Ranthambore National Park terrain is a major wildlife tourist attraction spot that has pulled the attention of many wildlife photographers and lovers in this destination.

The ‘ Cheetah ’ has become extinct from India. The endangered subspecies Acinonyx jubatus venaticus lives in Asia (Iran). In 1990, there were reports in the Times of India of a cheetah sighting in eastern India. There is a chance some cheetahs remain in India, though it is doubtful. There have also been reports of Asiatic cheetahs in the Balochistan Province of Pakistan, though these continue to be unverified. The cheetah prefers to live in an open biotope, such as semi-desert, prairie, and thick brush.

Bulk fixation of carbon through photosynthesis takes place in oceans, due to  presence of majority of phytoplanktons.

Polar ice & glaciers have the largest amount of pure and fresh water without any dissolved salt or impurity.

Deforestation causes the depletion of wood and nutrients from an ecosystem and hence nutrient cycling gets slowed down.

If natural habitat is destroyed, wild life is affected worstly.

Eichhornia crassipes is an American origin plant and now water weed in India.

Water is a renewable resource but can become non renewable if they are not used properly.

During intensive agriculture most of the nutrients and minerals are exhausted from the soil so fertility decreases.

Due to shorter recycling in case of biogenetic nutrients (minerals) they are renewable and due to very long recycling in case of metals and same minerals they are non-renewable.

How much ability to support life in soil is called its fertility.

Petroleum is a non-renewable resource.

Coal, kerosene and petroleum are nonrenewable while biomass is renewable source of energy.
The term “biomass” is especially useful for plants, where some internal structures may not always be considered living tissue, such as the wood (secondary xylem) of a tree.Biofuels include bioethanol, biobutanol, biodiesel & biogas.
Biomass is grown from several plants, including switchgrass, hemp, corn, poplar, willow and sugarcane. The particular plant used is usually not very important to the end products, but it does affect the processing of the raw material. Production of biomass is a growing industry as interest in sustainable fuel sources is growing.

Transpiration will be decreased, air temperature will increase and water content will decrease hence rainfall decreases.

Soil conservation is to conserve fertile soil from the losses like, heavy rainfall, drainage, high wind, flood, draught etc.