Olympiad Test Level 2: A Brief History of India and the World- 1 - Class 6 MCQ

Indus Valley Civilization which is also referred as Harappan civilization is of the largest cities of its time. This civilization was discovered in 1920 - 22 with the excavation of two of its most important sites i.e, Harappa on the banks of the river Ravi and Mohenjodaro on the banks of the Indus. The Indus Valley civilization is called the Harappan civilization because Harappa was the first site where the unique archaeological evidence of the civilization was discovered.

• Farid Khan was honoured with the title of Sher Shah in 1539.
• In 1539, he defeated Humayun in the battle of Chausa(26 June 1539) and after that, he assumed the title Sher Shah as emperor.
• Bahar Khan Lohani conferred the title of 'Sher Khan' on Farid Khan because he killed the tiger with one stroke of the sword.
• In 1540, Shershah Suri defeated Humayun in the battle of kannauj (Bilgram) and after winning the battle, he ruled Agra and Delhi.

• Buddhism is a  religion based upon the teachings, life experiences of its founder Siddhartha Gautam, born in circa 563 BCE.
• He was born into the royal family of Sakya clan who ruled from Kapilvastu(Lumbini) which is situated near the Indo-Nepal Border.
• At the age of 29, Gautama left home and rejected his life of wealth and adopted a lifestyle of asceticism or extreme self-discipline.
• After 49 continuous days of meditation, Gautama achieved Bodhi (enlightenment) under a pipal tree at Bodhgaya a village in Bihar.
• Buddha gave his first sermon in the village of Sarnath, near the city of Benares in UP. This event is known as Dharma-Chakra-Pravartana (turning of the wheel of law).
• He died at the age of 80 in 483 BCE at a place called Kushinagara a town in UP.

Mongol leader Genghis Khan (1162-1227) rose from humble beginnings to establish the largest land empire in history. After uniting the nomadic tribes of the Mongolian plateau, he conquered huge chunks of central Asia and China.

George Washington was appointed commander of the Continental Army in 1775. Despite having little experience in commanding large, conventional military forces, his leadership presence and fortitude held the American military together long enough to secure victory at Yorktown and independence for his new nation in 1781.

• In Feb-Mar 1918, a situation of conflict arose between the Gujarat Mill owners and workers on the question of Plague Bonus of 1917.
• The workers demanded a 50% wage hike.
• The Mill Owners were willing to give only 20% wage hike.
• Gandhi was invited by Anasuya Ben Sarabai and her brother Ambalal Sarabhai, rich mill-owner of Ahmadabad towards the cause of the mill owners.
• In March 1918, there was a strike in the cotton mills under the leadership of Gandhiji.
• In this strike, Gandhi used the weapon of Hunger strike for the first time.

Debendranath Tagore was an Indian religious reformer and Hindu philosopher. He was one of the founders of the Brahmo religion. In 1843, he revived the Brahmo Sabha, which had diminished since the death of Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1833. Often addressed as ‘Maharshi’, he was undoubtedly one of the greatest religious intellectuals born in India.

Tilak launched the Indian Home Rule League in April 1916 at Belgaum. Annie Besant launched the Home Rule League in September 1916 at Madras.

Lala Lajpat Rai died on November 17, 1928, after suffering grievous injuries during a lathi-charge carried out by the police. When the Simon Commission visited Lahore on October 30, 1928, Lala Lajpat Rai led the protest against the commission in a silent non-violent march, but the police responded with violence. They protested the commission as it did not include a single Indian as its member.

Mahatma Gandhi said "I therefore, want freedom immediately, this very night, before dawn, if it can be had".

• On 26 January 1930, India celebrated its first independence India after the declaration of Purna Swaraj. 
• The Indian National Congress, on 19 December 1929, passed 'Purna Swaraj' at its Lahore session.
• Jawaharlal Nehru was the president of the Indian National Congress during the Lahore session.
• Congress asked the people of India to observe the 26th of January as Independence Day in 1930 (later it changes and made the 15th of August the official Independence Day.)
• To commemorate the 1930 declaration India decided to celebrate January 26 as Republic day.

Genghis Khan, a Mongolian warrior-ruler, one of the most famous conquerors of history, consolidated tribes into a unified Mongolia and then extended his empire across Asia to the Adriatic Sea.

Ashoka last major emperor in the Mauryan dynasty of India. After his successful conquest of the Kalinga, acknowledging the bloodshed in the war he converted to Buddhism and renounced armed conquest, and adopted a policy that he called "conquer by dharma". One of the scholars of religion explained the ultimate goal is the attainment of the state of nirvana, this escaping the cycle of suffering and rebirth.

Allan Octavian Hume was not associated with the extremist leadership of the Indian National Congress. He was a member of the Imperial Civil Service, a political reformer, ornithologist, and botanist who worked in British India. He was one of the founders of the Indian National Congress.

• Kublai Khan was a Mongolian leader who made an impact on China, not only through conquest but also by ruling successfully. He was the greatest of the Mongol emperors after Genghis Khan and founder of the Yuan Dynasty in China.
• In 1275, Marco Polo, a Venetian explorer, visited China and a relationship of trust was formed between the two. Polo’s reports on the culture of China were new to Western Europeans and sparked further interest in eastern world exploration.