Test: Biotechnology & Bioenergy (February 2) - NEET MCQ

Liquefied petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas), also referred to as simply propane or butane, are flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles

The energy obtained from biological sources is called bioenergy. Bioenergy is the use of biomass (organic matter) to produce electricity, transportation fuels or chemicals. Bioenergy sources include agriculture and forestry residues and the organic components of municipal and industrial wastes. Fossil fuels (coal, petroleum and natural gas) is not included under bioenergy.

Alcoholic beverages have three categories: wine, beer and distilled liquors. Beer is produced by the fermentation of grains which produces only about 3-6% alcohol. Wine is produced by the fermentation of fruit and produces wine with an alcohol content of 6-14%. A distilled beverage, spirit, liquor or hard liquor is an alcoholic beverage produced by distillation of a mixture produced from alcoholic fermentation. This process purifies it and removes diluting components like water, for the purpose of increasing its proportion of alcohol content. Brandy a spirit, is distinct as a drink from wine (due to distillation), and has a 35% of alcohol content. Other examples of common distilled beverages include vodka, gin, tequila, rum, whisky. 
Rum - 37.5%-80%, Brandy - 35%-60% (usually 40%), Vodka - 35%-50%. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Penicillin is produced by strains of the fungus Penicillium notatum and P. chrysogenum. Most of the other antibiotics in clinical use are produced by actinomycetes, particularly streptomycetes (natural antibiotics). 

Pseudomonas putida F1 (Bacteria 6.2 Mb) is a versatile environmental isolate that is capable of growth on several aromatic hydrocarbons, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and p -cymene. Its broad substrate toluene dioxygenase has been widely utilized in biocatalytic syntheses of chiral chemicals, as well as in the metabolism and detoxification of TCE, and in the production of indigo from indole. P. putida F1 is known to be chemotactic to aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated aliphatic compounds and has the potential for use in bioremediation applications. 
 

Chymosin, also known as rennin, a milk-clotting enzyme obtained from the stomach of calves, is used in the manufacture of cheese. The production of this enzyme by recombinant DNA technology is now becoming possible. A new source of this enzyme to replace or supplement the animal product or similar, naturally occurring fungal enzymes will be of great economic value.

The strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungus is commonly known as baker's yeast. The organism is widely used in baking industry. It has the ability to produce desirable flavor. The organisms are added to the dough of bread and cakes and allowed to perform fermentation. The fermentation is brought by converting the fermentable sugars to alcohol and carbon dioxide. The organisms are also cultured or grown on molasses. They bring about the anaerobic fermentation and this helps in providing flavor to the substance. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a bacterium that is commonly found in the gut of humans and warm-blooded animals. Most strains of E. coli are harmless. Some strains however, such as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, can cause severe foodborne disease. It is transmitted to humans primarily through consumption of contaminated foods, such as raw or undercooked ground meat products, raw milk, and contaminated raw vegetables and sprouts.

Humulin is human insulin used for treating diabetes. Prior to its development, diabetics used insulin isolated from pig and cow pancreases.