Important Questions (1 mark): Pastoralists In The Modern World - Class 9 MCQ

No pastoralist was allowed access to these forests. ... Effects of the Forest Acts Pastoralists could no longer remain in an area even if forage was available. They could enter only by getting pemit for entry. If they overstayed the specified period of time they were liable to fines.

Raikas were pastoralists who belonged to:
The correct answer is B: Rajasthan.
Explanation:
Raikas were a nomadic community of pastoralists who primarily resided in the state of Rajasthan in India. They were known for their expertise in animal husbandry and herding livestock, especially sheep and goats. Here is some more information about the Raikas:
- Origin: The Raikas are believed to have migrated to Rajasthan from Sindh in present-day Pakistan during the medieval period. They are considered to be of Rajput descent.
- Traditional Occupation: The Raikas traditionally engaged in animal husbandry and relied on their livestock for their livelihood. They would move from one place to another in search of grazing grounds and water sources for their animals.
- Sheep and Goat Herding: Raikas were particularly known for their skill in sheep and goat herding. They would rear and breed these animals for their wool, meat, and milk. They would also trade these products in the local markets.
- Community Structure: The Raikas had a hierarchical social structure with chiefs or chieftains known as "Mukhiyas" who led their respective communities. They also had a council of elders known as the "Panchayat" to resolve disputes and make decisions.
- Religious Beliefs: The Raikas followed a syncretic form of Hinduism and had their own religious rituals and practices. They worshiped various deities and revered animals like the camel.
- Modern Challenges: In recent times, the traditional way of life of the Raikas has faced several challenges due to urbanization, changes in land use, and government policies. Many Raikas have had to adapt to sedentary lifestyles and find alternative sources of income.
It is important to note that while the Raikas primarily belong to Rajasthan, there might be small populations or groups of Raikas living in other parts of India as well. However, the majority of the community can be found in Rajasthan.

The Gujjar cattle herders live in:
- Mandaps: Mandaps are made of ringal, which is a type of hill bamboo, and grass. These structures serve as temporary shelters for the Gujjar cattle herders.
- Huts made of hill bamboo: The Gujjar cattle herders also live in huts that are constructed using hill bamboo. These huts provide them with a more permanent residence compared to the mandaps.
- Houses: Some Gujjar cattle herders may also have houses as their permanent residences. These houses are typically made using local materials and traditional construction techniques.
- Igloo: The Gujjar cattle herders do not live in igloos. Igloos are dome-shaped structures made of snow and are commonly associated with Arctic regions, not the habitat of the Gujjar cattle herders.

The Dhangars and their migration in Maharashtra

The Dhangars, a pastoral community in Maharashtra, have a tradition of seasonal migration. They move during the monsoon season in search of better grazing lands for their livestock.

Reason for migration

The primary reason for their migration is to find suitable grazing lands for their cattle and other livestock. The monsoon season brings abundant rain, which leads to the growth of fresh grass and vegetation, providing rich feeding grounds for their animals.

Destination of migration

The Dhangars traditionally move towards the Konkan region of Maharashtra during the monsoons. The Konkan region, known for its lush greenery and coastal environment, offers favorable conditions for grazing their livestock.

Benefits of migrating to the Konkan region

The Konkan region provides several advantages for the Dhangars:

• Ample rainfall: The region receives significant rainfall during the monsoon season, resulting in the growth of abundant grass and vegetation.


• Lush greenery: The Konkan region is known for its lush green landscapes, which provide a favorable environment for grazing.


• Coastal location: The proximity to the coast allows the Dhangars to access both grazing lands and water sources for their livestock.


• Availability of water: The monsoon rains ensure a sufficient water supply for the Dhangars and their animals.

Other possible regions of migration

While the Dhangars traditionally migrate to the Konkan region, it's worth mentioning that they may also explore other regions based on various factors such as availability of resources, changing environmental conditions, and community preferences. However, the Konkan region remains a popular choice due to its favorable conditions for grazing.

In conclusion, the Dhangars, a pastoral community in Maharashtra, migrate during the monsoon season to the Konkan region. This migration allows them to access better grazing lands and resources for their livestock, ensuring their well-being and livelihood.

Answer:
The Maasai Cattle herders primarily lived in East Africa.
Explanation:
The Maasai people are a Nilotic ethnic group in East Africa known for their cattle herding and pastoral lifestyle. They are primarily found in Kenya and Tanzania, specifically in the regions of southern Kenya and northern Tanzania. Here is a breakdown of the specific areas where the Maasai lived:
- Kenya: The Maasai inhabited areas such as the Rift Valley Province, Narok County, Kajiado County, and parts of Nairobi County.
- Tanzania: The Maasai are present in regions like Arusha, Manyara, and Mara.
Key Points:
- The Maasai Cattle herders lived in East Africa.
- They are primarily found in Kenya and Tanzania.
- In Kenya, they inhabited areas such as the Rift Valley Province, Narok County, Kajiado County, and parts of Nairobi County.
- In Tanzania, they are present in regions like Arusha, Manyara, and Mara.
Additional Information:
- The Maasai are known for their distinctive culture, traditional clothing, and rich oral traditions.
- Their livelihood is centered around cattle herding, and they have a strong connection to their livestock.
- The Maasai have managed to preserve their cultural heritage despite modernization and influences from outside cultures.

The Gujjar cattle herders and their origins:
- The Gujjar cattle herders are a community of nomadic people who traditionally rear and graze cattle.
- They were originally from the state of Himachal Pradesh, located in the northern part of India.
- In the nineteenth century, the Gujjar cattle herders migrated from Himachal Pradesh to the hilly regions of Uttar Pradesh (UP), which is another state in northern India.
- The reasons for their migration could be attributed to factors such as availability of better grazing lands, economic opportunities, and the need to find suitable habitats for their livestock.
- The Gujjars have a strong presence in the hilly regions of UP, including areas like the Garhwal and Kumaon divisions.
- They have adapted to the local environment and continue to practice their traditional occupation of cattle herding.
- The Gujjar community is known for its unique culture, traditions, and social system, which have been preserved and passed down through generations.
Conclusion:
Therefore, the statement that the Gujjar cattle herders were originally from Himachal Pradesh and came to the UP hills in the nineteenth century is True.

The accounts of many travelers tell us about the life of pastoral groups. In the early nineteenth century, Buchanan visited the Gollas during his travel through Mysore. He wrote: Their families live in small villages near the skirt of the woods, where they cultivate a little ground, and keep some of their cattle, selling in the towns the produce of the dairy. Their families are very numerous, seven to eight young men in each being common. Two or three of these attend the flocks in the woods, while the remainder cultivate their fields, and supply the towns with firewood, and with straw for thatch.

Gujjar Bakarwals in India
The Gujjar Bakarwals are found in the state of Jammu and Kashmir in India. Here is a detailed explanation of their presence in this region:
About Gujjar Bakarwals:
- The Gujjar Bakarwals are a nomadic tribe or community that primarily resides in the Jammu and Kashmir region of India.
- They are primarily involved in livestock rearing and herding, especially goats and sheep.
- Their lifestyle is characterized by constant movement in search of grazing lands and water sources for their animals.
Presence in Jammu and Kashmir:
- The Gujjar Bakarwals have a significant presence in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, which is located in the northern part of India.
- They are mainly found in the mountainous regions of Jammu and Kashmir, including the Pir Panjal range, the Himalayas, and the Kashmir Valley.
- These areas provide ample grazing lands and natural resources for their livestock.
Sociocultural Importance:
- The Gujjar Bakarwals have a rich cultural heritage and are known for their unique traditions, language, and customs.
- They play a crucial role in the economy of Jammu and Kashmir as they provide dairy products, wool, and other livestock-related products to the local markets.
- Their traditional knowledge of the local terrain and weather patterns also makes them valuable contributors to the agricultural and livestock sectors.
Conclusion:
The Gujjar Bakarwals are primarily found in the state of Jammu and Kashmir in India. They have a long-standing presence in the region and contribute significantly to the local economy and cultural diversity.

Explanation:
The statement says that a cattle herder needs to show a pass and pay a tax to enter a grazing tract. We need to determine if this statement is true or false.
To analyze the statement, we can break it down into two parts:
1. Showing a pass:
- This implies that the cattle herder needs to have some form of authorization or permission to enter the grazing tract.
- This pass could be in the form of a document or identification that proves the herder's eligibility to enter the tract.
2. Paying a tax:
- This implies that the cattle herder needs to pay a fee or tax in order to gain access to the grazing tract.
- The purpose of this tax could be to contribute to the maintenance or management of the grazing tract.
Based on these two points, we can conclude that the statement is most likely true. In many cases, grazing tracts are managed by authorities or organizations that require individuals to have a pass or permit and pay a tax to enter. This helps in regulating the use of the land and ensures proper management.
Therefore, the answer is True (option A).

The most important activity of the Banjara Community is:

• Exchange of goods or barter system: The Banjara community is known for their involvement in the exchange of goods or the barter system. This activity plays a crucial role in their economic and social life.


• Moving over a long distance: The Banjara people are historically known for their nomadic lifestyle and moving over long distances. They traditionally traveled with their cattle, transporting goods and trading with different communities along their routes.


• Wandering in search of pastures: Another significant activity of the Banjara community is wandering in search of pastures for their livestock. They have a deep connection with nature and rely on finding suitable grazing lands for their animals.


• None of these: None of the activities mentioned above are the most important activity of the Banjara community.

Therefore, the correct answer is A: Exchange of goods or barter system.