Test: Animal Husbandry - 3 - Class 9 MCQ

Striated muscle plays an integral role in the formation of the structural framework of the body. It is the only muscle tissue under the direct conscious control of the cerebral cortex of the brain and hence is the voluntary muscle. All conscious movements of the body, including movements of limbs like the movement of the arm, legs, facial expression, eye movements, and swallowing are the products of the skeletal muscle tissue.

Smooth muscles occur in

Smooth muscles are a type of muscle tissue that are found in various organs and structures of the body. They are responsible for involuntary movements and contractions. Smooth muscles occur in:

• Vein: Smooth muscles are present in the walls of veins. They help in regulating blood flow and maintaining blood pressure.


• Artery: Smooth muscles are also found in the walls of arteries. They play a crucial role in regulating blood flow and controlling the diameter of the blood vessels.


• Uterus: Smooth muscles are present in the uterus. They are responsible for the contractions during childbirth and help in the expulsion of the baby.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D: all the above. Smooth muscles occur in veins, arteries, and the uterus.

Cardiac muscle characteristics:
- Cardiac muscle is a type of muscle tissue that is found only in the heart.
- It is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of the heart, allowing it to pump blood throughout the body.
- Unlike skeletal muscle, which is under voluntary control, cardiac muscle is not directly under voluntary control. However, it is influenced by the autonomic nervous system.
- Cardiac muscle fibers are branched, allowing for efficient coordination and synchronization of contractions.
- The fibers are striated, meaning they have a striped appearance under a microscope. This striation is due to the organization of contractile proteins within the muscle fibers.
- The striations in cardiac muscle are not as pronounced as those in skeletal muscle.
Explanation of the correct answer:
The correct answer is B: striated and not under voluntary control.
- Cardiac muscle fibers are striated, meaning they have a striped appearance under a microscope.
- Cardiac muscle is not under voluntary control, as it is regulated by the autonomic nervous system.
- The other options are incorrect:
- Option A is incorrect because cardiac muscle is not nonstriated (it is striated).
- Option C is incorrect because cardiac muscle is not nonstriated (it is striated) and it is not under voluntary control.
- Option D is incorrect because cardiac muscle is not under voluntary control.

Double membrane is absent in:
The correct answer is Lysosome.
Explanation:
Double membrane is a characteristic feature of certain organelles in eukaryotic cells. Let's examine each option to determine which organelle does not possess a double membrane:
1. Mitochondrion:
- Mitochondria are known to have a double membrane structure.
- The outer membrane encloses the entire organelle, while the inner membrane forms folds called cristae.
- The presence of a double membrane allows for compartmentalization and segregation of different metabolic processes.
- Therefore, mitochondria do have a double membrane.
2. Chloroplast:
- Chloroplasts are the organelles found in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis.
- Similar to mitochondria, chloroplasts possess a double membrane structure.
- The outer membrane encloses the organelle, while the inner membrane forms a network of flattened sacs called thylakoids.
- The double membrane allows for the segregation of different stages of photosynthesis.
- Therefore, chloroplasts do have a double membrane.
3. Nucleus:
- The nucleus is the control center of the cell and contains the genetic material.
- The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope, which consists of two membranes.
- The double membrane of the nuclear envelope helps in regulating the passage of molecules in and out of the nucleus.
- Therefore, the nucleus does have a double membrane.
4. Lysosome:
- Lysosomes are organelles involved in the breakdown of cellular waste materials and the recycling of macromolecules.
- Unlike the previously mentioned organelles, lysosomes do not have a double membrane.
- Lysosomes are single membrane-bound organelles that contain hydrolytic enzymes.
- The single membrane of lysosomes allows for the fusion of the organelle with other vesicles for digestion.
- Therefore, lysosomes do not have a double membrane.
In conclusion, out of the given options, the organelle that does not possess a double membrane is the lysosome.

Plasma membrane is the outermost covering of the animal's cells, it is a protective covering of the cell, it protects the cell from the nature of the surrounding medium, i.e. acidic , basics etc. It also controls the substances to be moved inside or outside of the cell. It is the boundary of the cell and keeps the cell contents inside the cell.

Root hairs are extensions of epidermal cells in plant roots. They play a vital role in the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil. The process by which root hairs absorb water from the soil is osmosis. Here's a detailed explanation:
1. Structure of root hairs:
- Root hairs are small, finger-like projections that increase the surface area of the root for better absorption.
- They are unicellular and have a thin, permeable cell wall.
2. Osmosis:
- Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
- In the case of root hairs, the solute concentration is higher in the root hairs compared to the soil water.
3. Water absorption through osmosis:
- The soil water has a lower solute concentration compared to the root hairs.
- As a result, water molecules move from the soil into the root hairs by osmosis.
- This movement of water helps maintain a balance of solute concentration between the root hairs and the soil.
4. Importance of osmosis in plant nutrition:
- Osmosis is essential for the uptake of water and dissolved nutrients by plants.
- It ensures that water is absorbed efficiently, allowing the plant to maintain turgidity and support its structure.
- The dissolved nutrients in the soil water also get absorbed along with the water, providing essential elements for plant growth and development.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A: Osmosis. Root hairs absorb water from the soil through the process of osmosis, which is the movement of water molecules from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.

Barrier between the protoplasm and the outer environment in a plant cell:
The barrier between the protoplasm (the living contents of a cell) and the outer environment in a plant cell is the cell wall.
Explanation:
The cell wall is a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane of a plant cell. It provides support and protection to the cell, acting as a barrier between the internal protoplasm and the external environment. Here is a detailed explanation of why the other options are not the correct answers:
- Cell membrane: While the cell membrane also acts as a barrier, it is a semi-permeable membrane that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. It is not the main barrier between the protoplasm and the outer environment.
- Nuclear membrane: The nuclear membrane is a double-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a cell. It separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm, but it is not the primary barrier between the protoplasm and the outer environment.
- Tonoplast: The tonoplast is a membrane that surrounds the vacuole, a large organelle found in plant cells. It controls the movement of substances in and out of the vacuole but is not the barrier between the protoplasm and the outer environment.
In summary, the correct answer is C: Cell wall, as it forms the main barrier between the protoplasm and the outer environment in a plant cell.

Animal Cell vs Plant Cell: Difference in Respect of Cell Wall
The main difference between an animal cell and a plant cell lies in the presence or absence of certain structures. In the case of the cell wall, it is only found in plant cells and not in animal cells. Here is a detailed explanation of this difference:
1. Plant Cell:
- Cell Wall: Plant cells have a rigid cell wall made up of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. It is a tough and protective outer layer that provides structural support and protection to the cell.
- Composition: The cell wall is primarily composed of cellulose, a complex carbohydrate that forms a network of fibers.
- Function: The cell wall maintains the shape and structure of the plant cell, prevents excessive water uptake, and protects the cell from mechanical damage.
2. Animal Cell:
- Absence of Cell Wall: Unlike plant cells, animal cells lack a cell wall. Instead, they have a flexible and selectively permeable cell membrane that encloses the cell.
- Cell Membrane: Animal cells are surrounded by a cell membrane, which is a lipid bilayer composed of phospholipids and proteins. It regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
- Function: The cell membrane in animal cells provides shape, support, and protection to the cell. It also plays a crucial role in cellular communication, cell recognition, and transport of molecules.
In conclusion, the key difference between an animal cell and a plant cell in respect of the cell wall is that plant cells have a rigid cell wall composed of cellulose, while animal cells lack a cell wall and have a flexible cell membrane.

The longest cell in the human body is a neuron.
Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical signals or impulses throughout the body. They are responsible for communication between different parts of the body, including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. Here is a detailed explanation of why neurons are considered the longest cells:
- Structure: Neurons have a unique structure that contributes to their length. They consist of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon. The cell body contains the nucleus and other organelles, while dendrites receive signals from other neurons. However, it is the axon that can extend over long distances, making neurons the longest cells in the body.
- Axon length: The length of an axon can vary greatly depending on its location and function. Some axons can be as short as a few micrometers, while others can extend up to a meter or more. For example, the axons of motor neurons that innervate muscles in the legs can be several feet long.
- Nerve fibers: Neurons are bundled together in the form of nerve fibers to transmit signals efficiently. These nerve fibers can be found throughout the body, allowing for rapid communication between different areas.
- Importance: The length of neurons is crucial for their function. It enables them to send signals quickly over long distances, facilitating coordination and control of various body functions.
In conclusion, neurons are the longest cells in the human body due to the length of their axons, which allow for efficient transmission of electrical signals over long distances.

Human cells that lack a nucleus:
1. Red Blood Cells (RBCs):
- RBCs are one of the most well-known cells in the body that lack a nucleus.
- They are responsible for carrying oxygen to various tissues and organs.
- The absence of a nucleus allows RBCs to have a biconcave shape, increasing their surface area for efficient oxygen transport.
2. Platelets:
- Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are another type of cell that lacks a nucleus.
- They play a crucial role in blood clotting and wound healing.
- The absence of a nucleus allows platelets to be small and flexible, enabling them to easily move within blood vessels.
3. White Blood Cells (WBCs):
- While most WBCs do have a nucleus, there are certain types that lack a nucleus.
- Examples include mature red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, which are responsible for carrying oxygen to various tissues and organs.

Energy Currency of a Cell:
The energy currency of a cell is ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). Here is a detailed explanation:
What is ATP?
- ATP is a molecule that stores and provides energy for cellular processes.
- It consists of three phosphate groups, a ribose sugar, and an adenine base.
How is ATP formed?
- ATP is formed through cellular respiration, specifically during the process of oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria.
- During this process, energy is extracted from nutrients, such as glucose, and used to create ATP.
Role of ATP:
- ATP serves as the primary energy source for cellular activities.
- It provides energy for processes like muscle contraction, active transport of molecules across cell membranes, and synthesis of macromolecules.
- When ATP is hydrolyzed (broken down) into ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate, energy is released, which can be used by the cell.
Why is ATP the energy currency of a cell?
- ATP is considered the energy currency of a cell because it can be easily formed and broken down to release energy.
- It is a universal energy carrier, used by all living organisms, from bacteria to humans.
- The high-energy phosphate bonds in ATP allow for efficient energy transfer and utilization.
In conclusion, the energy currency of a cell is ATP. It is vital for various cellular processes and serves as a universal energy carrier.

Chloroplast is the cell organelle that releases the oxygen during photosynthesis.

J. E. Purkinje coined the term protoplam in 1839 for plant sap which is living fluid inside the cell. Initially Dujardin in 1835 observed the living juice inside the animal cell.

Ribosomes are the centre for Protein Synthesis
Explanation:
- Ribosomes are small, spherical organelles found in all cells.
- They are made up of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins.
- Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, which is the process by which cells build proteins.
- Protein synthesis occurs in two main steps: transcription and translation.
- During transcription, the DNA sequence of a gene is transcribed into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule.
- The mRNA molecule then moves out of the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome.
- The ribosome reads the mRNA sequence and uses it as a template to assemble a specific sequence of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins.
- This process is called translation, and it takes place on the ribosomes.
- Ribosomes can be found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
- Free ribosomes synthesize proteins that will function within the cytoplasm, while ribosomes attached to the ER synthesize proteins that will be transported to other parts of the cell or outside the cell.
- In summary, ribosomes are the central organelles for protein synthesis, playing a crucial role in the production of proteins necessary for the structure and function of cells.

Lysosomes are the reservoirs of:
- Hydrolytic enzymes: Lysosomes contain a variety of hydrolytic enzymes that are responsible for breaking down various macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. These enzymes include proteases, lipases, carbohydrases, and nucleases.
- Acid hydrolases: The enzymes present in lysosomes function optimally under acidic conditions. Lysosomes maintain an acidic pH (around 4.5-5) due to the proton pumps present in their membrane. This acidic environment is necessary for the activation of the hydrolytic enzymes and the degradation of cellular waste.
- Waste disposal: Lysosomes play a crucial role in the degradation and recycling of cellular waste and damaged organelles through a process called autophagy. They fuse with autophagosomes, which are vesicles containing the cellular material to be degraded, and release their hydrolytic enzymes into these vesicles to break down the contents.
- Cellular homeostasis: Lysosomes are involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis by regulating the degradation of intracellular components. They can selectively target specific proteins or organelles for degradation, ensuring the removal of unwanted or dysfunctional cellular components.
- Apoptosis: Lysosomes also play a role in programmed cell death or apoptosis. They release their hydrolytic enzymes into the cytoplasm, leading to the degradation of cellular components and ultimately cell death.
In conclusion, lysosomes are primarily reservoirs of hydrolytic enzymes, which are crucial for the degradation and recycling of cellular waste, maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and involvement in various cellular processes.

The membrane surrounding the vacuole of a plant cell is called the tonoplast.
The tonoplast is a specialized membrane that surrounds the vacuole, which is a large, fluid-filled organelle found in plant cells. The tonoplast plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and function of the vacuole. Here are some key points about the tonoplast:
1. Composition: The tonoplast is mainly composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. It contains various transport proteins and channels that regulate the movement of ions, nutrients, and waste materials into and out of the vacuole.
2. Function: The tonoplast is responsible for several important functions within the plant cell:
- Maintaining osmotic balance: The tonoplast controls the osmotic pressure within the vacuole, helping to regulate the water content and turgor pressure of the cell.
- Storage: The vacuole, surrounded by the tonoplast, serves as a storage compartment for various substances such as water, ions, sugars, pigments, and toxic waste products.
- Detoxification: The tonoplast contains enzymes that can detoxify harmful compounds by sequestering them within the vacuole.
- pH regulation: The tonoplast helps to maintain the acidic pH of the vacuolar lumen, which is necessary for proper functioning of certain enzymes and transport processes.
3. Structure: The tonoplast is a selectively permeable membrane, meaning it allows certain substances to pass through while restricting the passage of others. It is made up of a lipid bilayer embedded with proteins that facilitate transport across the membrane.
Overall, the tonoplast is a critical component of plant cells, playing a vital role in maintaining cell structure, function, and homeostasis. Its selective permeability and various transport mechanisms contribute to the proper functioning of the vacuole and overall plant cell physiology.

Starch grain is an inclusion because it is non living.