Test: Manufacturing Industries - 1 - Class 10

Industries cause Air, Water, Thermal and Noise pollution

Assertion: Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other.


Reason: The key to the decision of the factory location is the least cost.
Explanation:


The given assertion and reason can be analyzed as follows:
Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other:
- Agriculture and industry can coexist and complement each other.
- Many industries depend on agricultural products as raw materials, such as food processing industries.
- Industries can also provide employment opportunities and support the economy of agricultural regions.
The key to the decision of the factory location is the least cost:
- When deciding the location of a factory or industry, one of the crucial factors to consider is the cost.
- The cost includes factors such as transportation, labor, raw materials, and infrastructure.
- Choosing a location with the least cost can help the industry maximize its profitability.
Conclusion:
- Both the assertion and reason are true.
- However, the reason does not directly explain why agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other.
- The reason focuses on the decision-making process for factory location rather than the relationship between agriculture and industry.
- Hence, option B is correct: Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

Answer:
Introduction:
The "electronic capital" refers to a city that is known for its significant contributions to the electronics industry. In India, one city has emerged as the prominent electronic capital due to its thriving tech industry.
City:
The city that has emerged as the "electronic capital" of India is Bengaluru.
Reasons:
Several factors contribute to Bengaluru's status as the electronic capital:
1. IT Hub: Bengaluru is the leading IT hub of India, hosting numerous multinational IT companies and startups. It is home to a large number of electronic companies, including major players like Infosys, Wipro, and Tata Consultancy Services.
2. Research and Development: The city has several research and development centers that focus on cutting-edge technologies in the electronics field. These centers drive innovation and contribute significantly to the growth of the industry.
3. Start-up Ecosystem: Bengaluru has a thriving start-up ecosystem, with a particular focus on technology and electronics. Many start-ups in the city are working on innovative electronic products and solutions.
4. Education: Bengaluru boasts renowned educational institutions, including Indian Institute of Science (IISc) and Indian Institute of Technology (IIT). These institutions produce skilled professionals who contribute to the electronics industry.
5. Infrastructure: The city has well-developed infrastructure, including industrial parks, special economic zones, and technology parks. These facilities attract electronic companies to set up their operations in Bengaluru.
6. Job Opportunities: Bengaluru offers abundant job opportunities in the electronics sector. The presence of numerous electronic companies and start-ups creates a favorable environment for professionals seeking employment in the industry.
Overall, Bengaluru's strong presence in the electronics industry, combined with its favorable ecosystem and infrastructure, has led to its emergence as the "electronic capital" of India.

Per Capita Consumption of Steel in India in 2016:
The per capita consumption of steel in India in 2016 was 63 kg per annum. Here is a detailed explanation:
Factors affecting per capita consumption of steel:
1. Economic growth: Steel consumption is closely linked to the overall economic growth of a country. As India experienced a steady economic growth during that period, it resulted in an increased demand for steel.
2. Infrastructure development: Infrastructure projects such as construction of roads, bridges, railways, airports, and urban development require a significant amount of steel. The focus on infrastructure development in India contributed to higher steel consumption.
3. Industrial growth: The growth of industries such as automotive, manufacturing, and construction also affects steel consumption. As these sectors expanded in India, the demand for steel increased.
Calculation of per capita consumption of steel in India in 2016:
- Total steel consumption in India in 2016: Let's assume it was X million metric tons.
- Total population of India in 2016: Let's assume it was Y million people.
Per capita consumption of steel = Total steel consumption / Total population
Per capita consumption of steel = X million metric tons / Y million people
Given that the per capita consumption of steel in India in 2016 was 63 kg per annum, we can conclude that:
- X million metric tons / Y million people = 63 kg per annum
Therefore, the answer is option B: 63 kg per annum.

Tools, implements, fertilisers, tractors, etc. are supplied by

The correct answer is industry.

• Tools: Various tools such as hammers, screwdrivers, drills, and saws are produced by manufacturing companies in the industry. These tools are essential for different purposes, including construction, carpentry, plumbing, and electrical work.


• Implements: Implements refer to equipment or devices used for specific agricultural or industrial tasks. Examples include plows, harrows, cultivators, and planters. These implements are manufactured by the industry to assist in various farming and industrial activities.


• Fertilisers: Fertilisers are produced by chemical companies within the industry. They are used to provide essential nutrients to plants and improve soil fertility. Different types of fertilisers, such as nitrogen-based, phosphorus-based, and potassium-based, are manufactured to cater to different crop requirements.


• Tractors: Tractors are heavy machinery used in agriculture and construction. They are manufactured by companies in the industry specifically dedicated to producing tractors. These companies design, engineer, and assemble tractors to meet the needs of farmers and construction professionals.

Therefore, the industry is responsible for supplying tools, implements, fertilisers, tractors, and other related equipment required for various purposes.

Assertion: Textile industry occupies a unique position in the Indian economy.
Reason: It contributes significantly to industrial production.


In order to determine the correctness of the assertion and reason, we need to evaluate each statement individually.
Assertion: Textile industry occupies a unique position in the Indian economy.

This statement implies that the textile industry in India holds a distinct and special position in the overall economy of the country.
Reason: It contributes significantly to industrial production.

This statement suggests that the textile industry makes a substantial contribution to the overall industrial production in India.
Now, let's evaluate the given options:
A: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

If both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion, then option A is the correct answer.
B: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A

If both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason does not correctly explain the assertion, then option B is the correct answer.
C: A is correct but R is wrong

If the assertion is true, but the reason is false, then option C is the correct answer.
D: A is wrong but R is correct

If the assertion is false, but the reason is true, then option D is the correct answer.
Analyzing the given information:
The textile industry in India has indeed occupied a unique and significant position in the country's economy. It is one of the oldest industries in India and has a rich heritage. Here are some key points:
- The textile industry in India is one of the largest contributors to the country's GDP.
- It is one of the largest sources of employment, providing jobs to millions of people.
- The industry has a strong presence both domestically and internationally, with India being a major exporter of textiles.
- Textile manufacturing forms a crucial part of the "Make in India" initiative, which aims to boost manufacturing and promote economic growth.
- The industry has a significant impact on industrial production, as it involves various stages of textile manufacturing, including spinning, weaving, dyeing, and finishing.
Considering these points, we can conclude that both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

All the other factors only contribute to lowering the production costs. Raw material, if readily available, doesn't need to be transported and hence can lower the cost, and transport can either be inexpensive or expensive, and the presence of market also results in absence or presence of the need for transport.

Which region has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries?
The region that has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries is the Chhota Nagpur plateau in India. Here is a detailed explanation:
Reasons behind the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries in the Chhota Nagpur plateau:
- Availability of raw materials: The Chhota Nagpur plateau is rich in mineral resources, especially iron ore and coal, which are essential raw materials for the production of iron and steel. The region has abundant reserves of high-quality iron ore and coal, making it an ideal location for the establishment of iron and steel industries.
- Proximity to markets: The Chhota Nagpur plateau is strategically located near major industrial centers, such as Kolkata and Jamshedpur, which provides easy access to markets for the iron and steel products. This proximity reduces transportation costs and ensures a steady demand for the products.
- Skilled workforce: The region has a skilled and experienced workforce due to the long history of iron and steel production in the area. The presence of technical institutes and training centers also contributes to the availability of a skilled labor force.
- Infrastructure and support: The Chhota Nagpur plateau has well-developed infrastructure, including transportation networks, power supply, and other necessary facilities. The state governments and the central government provide support and incentives to promote the growth of the iron and steel industries in the region.
- Historical significance: The Chhota Nagpur plateau has a long history of iron and steel production, with the establishment of the Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) in Jamshedpur in 1907. This has created a favorable environment for the growth of the industry and attracted further investments.
Overall, the Chhota Nagpur plateau has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries in India due to the availability of raw materials, proximity to markets, skilled workforce, infrastructure, and historical significance.

The industries which have heavy types of raw material are called:
1. Heavy Industries:
- Heavy industries are those industries that require large quantities of raw materials for their production processes.
- They typically involve the processing or manufacturing of bulky or heavy items such as machinery, equipment, vehicles, steel, chemicals, and construction materials.
- These industries often require substantial infrastructure, capital investment, and specialized machinery to handle the heavy raw materials involved in their production.
2. Characteristics of Heavy Industries:
- Heavy industries tend to have a higher level of capital investment compared to light industries.
- They require a large workforce and specialized technical skills for operating heavy machinery and equipment.
- Heavy industries often have a longer production cycle and a slower rate of turnover compared to light industries.
- They have a significant impact on the economy, contributing to employment, growth, and development.
Examples of Heavy Industries:
- Steel industry: Involves the processing of iron ore into steel, which requires a significant amount of raw materials and energy.
- Petrochemical industry: Involves the production of chemicals and products derived from petroleum and natural gas, such as plastics, fertilizers, and pharmaceuticals.
- Automotive industry: Involves the manufacturing of vehicles and their components, which requires large amounts of raw materials like steel, aluminum, and rubber.
- Mining industry: Involves the extraction of minerals and ores from the earth, which are used as raw materials in various other industries.
- Construction industry: Involves the production of buildings, infrastructure, and other large-scale structures, requiring heavy materials like concrete, steel, and wood.
Conclusion:
Industries that have heavy types of raw material are known as heavy industries. They require large quantities of raw materials, specialized machinery, and infrastructure for their production processes. Examples of heavy industries include steel, petrochemical, automotive, mining, and construction industries.

Seasonal Nature Industries Suited to the Co-operative Sector

Answer: A - Sugar

There are several industries that have a seasonal nature and can benefit from the cooperative sector. However, among the given options, the sugar industry is ideally suited for the cooperative sector due to the following reasons:

• 1. Agricultural Nature: Sugar production is primarily based on agriculture where sugarcane is grown. The cultivation of sugarcane is seasonal and requires significant coordination among farmers, mills, and other stakeholders. Therefore, forming a cooperative enables better collaboration and management of the agricultural activities involved.



• 2. Resource Sharing: In the sugar industry, resources such as irrigation facilities, machinery, and expertise can be shared among cooperative members. This helps in reducing individual costs and improving overall efficiency in the production process.



• 3. Marketing and Distribution: Cooperative members can collectively handle the marketing and distribution of sugar products. By pooling their resources and expertise, they can negotiate better deals, reach wider markets, and ensure a fair price for their produce.



• 4. Risk Mitigation: As a seasonal industry, the sugar sector is susceptible to various risks such as weather conditions, price fluctuations, and market uncertainties. By forming a cooperative, members can share these risks, support each other during difficult times, and collectively strategize to mitigate potential losses.



• 5. Social and Economic Development: The cooperative sector promotes socio-economic development by providing opportunities for small-scale farmers and workers to participate in the industry. It empowers them with collective bargaining power, access to credit, and improved livelihoods.

In conclusion, the sugar industry's seasonal nature, agricultural focus, and the need for coordination and resource sharing make it well-suited for the cooperative sector. By forming cooperatives, sugar producers can enhance their productivity, profitability, and socio-economic well-being.