Test: Minerals & Energy Resources - 2 - Class 10

Answer:

Bauxite:

• Bauxite is a sedimentary rock that is the primary ore of aluminum.


• It is a mixture of minerals, mainly gibbsite (Al(OH)3), boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)), and diaspore (α-AlO(OH)), along with impurities such as iron oxides and clay minerals.

Metal obtained from Bauxite:

• Aluminium:




• Aluminium is the metal that can be obtained from Bauxite.


• It is extracted from bauxite by a process known as the Bayer process.


• After extraction, aluminum is widely used in various industries due to its low density, resistance to corrosion, and excellent conductivity.

Other metals:

• Copper:




• Copper cannot be obtained from Bauxite. It is typically obtained from ores such as chalcopyrite, bornite, and malachite.




• Iron:




• Iron cannot be obtained from Bauxite. It is typically obtained from iron ores such as hematite and magnetite.




• Silver:




• Silver cannot be obtained from Bauxite. It is typically obtained from various sources such as silver ores, copper-nickel ores, lead-zinc ores, and gold ores.

Therefore, the correct answer is Aluminium (Option A).

Explanation:
The correct answer is option B: (ii) and (iii).
Reasoning:
- Minerals are not renewable resources. They are formed over millions of years through geological processes and cannot be replenished within a human lifespan.
- Minerals are depleting rapidly due to excessive extraction and consumption. This is mainly because the rate of extraction is much higher than the rate of formation.
- Minerals are essential for a country's industrial development. They are used in various industries such as manufacturing, construction, energy production, and technology.
- The formation of minerals is not fast. It takes geological processes such as erosion, weathering, and deposition over long periods of time for minerals to form.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B: (ii) and (iii) - Minerals need to be conserved because they are depleting rapidly and they are needed for the country's industrial development.

Assertion: Minerals are an indispensable part of our lives.
Reason: Almost everything we use from a tiny pin to towering building all are made up of minerals.
The given assertion and reason can be evaluated as follows:
1. Assertion: Minerals are an indispensable part of our lives.
- This statement is true. Minerals play a crucial role in various aspects of our lives. They are essential for the proper functioning of our bodies, as they are required for the formation of bones, teeth, and other tissues. Minerals are also used in industries for manufacturing various products.
2. Reason: Almost everything we use from a tiny pin to towering building all are made up of minerals.
- This statement is also true. Minerals are utilized in the production of a wide range of products. For example, metals like iron, aluminum, and copper, which are derived from minerals, are used in the construction of buildings, infrastructure, and other structures. Additionally, minerals are used in the manufacturing of electronics, vehicles, and even everyday items like utensils and jewelry.
Based on the evaluation of the assertion and reason, we can conclude that both statements are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. Therefore, the correct answer is option A: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Manganese: Manganese is not precisely a "ferrous metal", but it is one of the iron group of elements which originates in the hearts of giant stars before a supernova explosion.

Answer:
Place known for lignite deposits:
- Neyveli
Explanation:
- Lignite is a type of coal that is considered lower in rank compared to bituminous coal or anthracite.
- Neyveli, located in the state of Tamil Nadu in India, is known for its lignite deposits.
- The Neyveli Lignite Corporation (NLC) operates the lignite mines in Neyveli and is one of the largest lignite mining companies in the country.
- Neyveli has significant lignite reserves, which are used for power generation in thermal power plants operated by NLC.
- The lignite deposits in Neyveli have played a crucial role in the development of the region's energy sector and have contributed to the overall energy production in India.

Placer deposits are a type of mineral deposit formed by the accumulation of valuable minerals in sedimentary environments. Let's examine each statement to determine which ones are incorrect.
(i) They occur as alluvial deposits:
- This statement is correct as placer deposits are typically formed by the deposition of heavy minerals, such as gold, in alluvial environments such as rivers, streams, and floodplains.
(ii) They are corroded by water:
- This statement is incorrect. Placer deposits are not corroded by water but rather formed by the mechanical action of water, which separates heavier minerals from lighter ones.
(iii) They occur in ocean beds:
- This statement is correct. Placer deposits can also occur in ocean beds, particularly in coastal areas where waves, tides, and currents can concentrate heavy minerals.
(iv) They are found in sands of the valley floors and the base of hills:
- This statement is correct. Placer deposits are commonly found in sands and gravels of valley floors, riverbeds, and the base of hills where erosion and transportation processes have concentrated heavy minerals.
Therefore, the incorrect statements are:
- (ii) They are corroded by water.
- (iii) They occur in ocean beds.
Hence, the answer is B: (ii) and (iii).

Assertion: Copper is mainly used in electric cables.
Reason: The Balaghat mines are leading producer of cooper
The given assertion and reason statement can be analyzed as follows:
Assertion: Copper is mainly used in electric cables.
Reason: The Balaghat mines are leading producer of copper.
To determine the correctness of the assertion and reason, we need to evaluate each statement individually and then analyze the relationship between them.
Evaluation of the Assertion:
- Copper is indeed mainly used in electric cables, as it is an excellent conductor of electricity and has high thermal conductivity.
- Electric cables are one of the major applications of copper due to its desirable electrical properties.
Evaluation of the Reason:
- The Balaghat mines are indeed a leading producer of copper.
- Balaghat mines, located in the state of Madhya Pradesh in India, are known for their significant copper production.
Analysis of the Relationship:
- While the reason statement is true, it does not provide a direct explanation for the assertion statement.
- The fact that Balaghat mines are a leading producer of copper does not directly explain why copper is mainly used in electric cables.
- The reason statement is not a correct explanation of the assertion statement.
Based on the above analysis, the correct answer is:
B: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A

Answer:
The precious metal among the given options is Platinum.
Explanation:

• Copper: Copper is a common metal that is widely used in various industries but it is not considered a precious metal.


• Lead: Lead is also a common metal but it is not classified as a precious metal.


• Iron ore: Iron ore refers to the raw material that contains iron, which is an essential metal but not considered a precious metal.


• Platinum: Platinum is a precious metal that is highly valued for its rarity, durability, and various industrial applications. It is widely used in jewelry, electrical contacts, catalytic converters, and other high-end products.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D: Platinum.

The oceans hold a veritable treasure trove of valuable resources. Sand and gravel, oil and gas have been extracted from the sea for many years. In addition, minerals transported by erosion from the continents to the coastal areas are mined from the shallow shelf and beach areas.

The Hazira - Vijaipur - Jagdishpur pipeline is a natural gas pipeline in India. It spans across multiple states, but it does not pass through Maharashtra. Here is a detailed explanation:
Background:
The Hazira - Vijaipur - Jagdishpur (HVJ) pipeline is one of the longest cross-country natural gas pipelines in India. It is owned and operated by GAIL (Gas Authority of India Limited). The pipeline was built to transport natural gas from the western coast of India to the northern part of the country.
States through which the pipeline passes:
The HVJ pipeline passes through the following states:
- Gujarat: The pipeline starts at Hazira in Gujarat.
- Madhya Pradesh: It passes through several districts of Madhya Pradesh, including Barwani, Khargone, Khandwa, Harda, Hoshangabad, and Betul.
- Uttar Pradesh: The pipeline continues through Uttar Pradesh, covering districts like Jhansi, Lalitpur, Jalaun, Hamirpur, Banda, Fatehpur, and Pratapgarh.

States not included:
The HVJ pipeline does not pass through Maharashtra. This means that it does not cover any districts or locations in Maharashtra.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the Hazira - Vijaipur - Jagdishpur pipeline passes through Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh, but it does not pass through Maharashtra.