Test: Minerals & Energy Resources - 3 - Class 10 MCQ

Minerals are generally found in:
- Ores: Minerals are commonly found in ores, which are rocks that contain high concentrations of valuable minerals. Ores are typically mined and processed to extract the minerals.
- Rocks: Minerals are often found within rocks, either as individual mineral grains or as part of the rock's composition. Rocks are made up of various minerals and can serve as a source of minerals.
- Soil: While minerals are not as abundant in soil compared to ores and rocks, they can still be present in small quantities. Soil minerals play a crucial role in supporting plant growth and providing essential nutrients.
- None of these: This option is incorrect as minerals can be found in ores, rocks, and soil.
In summary, minerals are commonly found in ores and rocks, and to a lesser extent in soil.

Low-grade brown coal is called

Low-grade brown coal is called lignite.

Explanation:

Low-grade brown coal, also known as lignite, is a type of coal that is characterized by its low carbon content and high moisture content. It is considered the lowest grade of coal and is typically brown or black in color.

Here are some key points about lignite:

- Lignite is formed from peat, which is partially decayed plant material.
- It has a relatively low energy content compared to other types of coal.
- Lignite is mainly used for electricity generation and as a fuel for industrial processes.
- It is more abundant than other types of coal and is found in large deposits around the world.
- Lignite is often used in power plants that have specialized equipment to handle its high moisture content.
- It is less efficient and produces more emissions when burned compared to higher-grade coals.
- Lignite is typically mined using open-pit mining methods.

In summary, low-grade brown coal is known as lignite, and it is characterized by its low carbon content and high moisture content.

Assertion: Natural gas is an important clean energy resource.


Reason: It emits low carbon dioxide.
The given assertion and reason can be evaluated as follows:
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A:
- Natural gas is indeed an important clean energy resource as it is widely used for various purposes such as electricity generation, heating, and cooking.
- The reason provided for this assertion is that natural gas emits low carbon dioxide.
- This is a correct explanation because natural gas combustion produces fewer greenhouse gas emissions compared to other fossil fuels like coal and oil. It releases significantly less carbon dioxide when burned.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A:
- This option is not applicable as the reason given for the assertion is correct.
C. A is correct but R is wrong:
- This option is not applicable as both the assertion and reason are true.
D. A is wrong but R is correct:
- This option is not applicable as both the assertion and reason are true.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. Natural gas is indeed an important clean energy resource, and its low carbon dioxide emissions contribute to its environmental benefits.

- Iron: Iron is the metallic material. Metallic materials are inorganic substances, usually combinations of metallic elements, such as iron,
- Coal: Coal is a non-metallic material that is primarily composed of carbon along with other elements such as hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. It is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock and is widely used as a fuel source.
- Petroleum: Petroleum, also known as crude oil, is a non-metallic material. It is a mixture of hydrocarbons and is extracted from underground reservoirs. Petroleum is the main source of energy for various applications, including transportation, heating, and electricity generation.
- Natural gas: Natural gas is a non-metallic material that primarily consists of methane (CH4) along with smaller amounts of other hydrocarbons. It is a fossil fuel and is commonly used for heating, cooking, and electricity generation.
Conclusion:
Out of the given options, Iron is the only metallic material. Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are also non-metallic substances, but Iron is the correct answer based on the options provided.

The mineral has wide applications in the electrical industry is
There are several minerals that have wide applications in the electrical industry, but the correct answer to this question is iron ore. Here's why:
1. Iron ore is used in the production of steel:
- Steel is one of the most important materials in the electrical industry.
- It is used to make various components, such as transformers, generators, and motors.
- Iron ore is the main raw material used in the production of steel, making it an essential mineral in the electrical industry.
2. Steel is used in electrical wiring:
- Electrical wiring is made from copper or aluminum, which are often coated or insulated with steel.
- Steel provides strength and durability to the wires, making them suitable for handling electrical currents.
- Iron ore, as the source of steel, indirectly contributes to the electrical wiring used in buildings, homes, and various electrical systems.
3. Iron ore is used in the production of magnets:
- Magnets are crucial components in many electrical devices and equipment.
- Iron ore is used to produce magnets with high magnetic fields, such as neodymium magnets.
- These magnets are used in electric motors, generators, and speakers, among other electrical applications.
4. Iron ore is used in the production of transformers:
- Transformers are essential in the electrical industry for converting voltages and transmitting electricity efficiently.
- The cores of transformers are often made from laminated sheets of steel, which are derived from iron ore.
- Iron ore provides the magnetic properties required for efficient energy transfer in transformers.
In conclusion, while there are various minerals with applications in the electrical industry, iron ore stands out as a crucial mineral due to its role in the production of steel, electrical wiring, magnets, and transformers.

Oldest Producer of Oil among the given states:
Among the given states, the oldest producer of oil is Assam.
Explanation:
Here is the detailed explanation:
1. Arunachal Pradesh:
- Arunachal Pradesh is not known for being a significant producer of oil.
- It is a northeastern state of India and is mainly known for its natural beauty and rich biodiversity.
2. Assam:
- Assam is the oldest producer of oil among the given states.
- It is located in northeastern India and has a long history of oil production.
- The first oil well in Assam was drilled in the Digboi area in 1866, making it the oldest oilfield in the country.
- Assam has several oilfields, including Digboi, Duliajan, and Moran, which contribute significantly to India's oil production.
3. Andhra Pradesh:
- Andhra Pradesh is not known for being a major producer of oil.
- It is located in southern India and is known for its agricultural productivity and rich mineral resources.
4. Gujarat:
- Gujarat is one of the major oil-producing states in India.
- It has several oilfields, including the Ankleshwar and Ahmedabad fields.
- However, Gujarat is not the oldest producer of oil among the given states.
In conclusion, Assam is the oldest producer of oil among the given states, with a rich history of oil production dating back to 1866.

In igneous and metamorphic rocks, minerals may occur in various locations within the rock formation. The minerals can be found in:
Cracks:
- Cracks or fissures within the rock provide spaces for minerals to accumulate.
- These cracks can be formed due to cooling and contraction of the rock or due to tectonic forces.
Crevices:
- Crevices are narrow openings or gaps within the rock.
- These gaps can be formed by weathering and erosion processes or by the movement of rock layers.
Faults or joints:
- Faults and joints are fractures in the rock where there has been displacement.
- These fractures can create pathways for mineral-rich fluids to flow and deposit minerals.
Beds:
- Beds refer to layers or strata of rock.
- Minerals can be present within these layers, either as primary minerals that formed during the rock's formation or as secondary minerals that have been deposited later.
Based on the given options, minerals can occur in cracks and crevices (i and ii) as well as in faults or joints (iii). Therefore, the correct answer is option B: Only (i), (ii), and (iii).

Where do minerals occur in igneous rocks?
In igneous rocks, minerals occur in cracks. Here is a detailed explanation of where minerals occur in igneous rocks:
1. Introduction to igneous rocks:
- Igneous rocks are formed from the solidification of molten rock material.
- The molten rock material, known as magma, cools and solidifies to form igneous rocks.
2. Minerals in igneous rocks:
- Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic solid substances with a specific chemical composition and crystal structure.
- Igneous rocks are composed of minerals that crystallize from the magma as it cools and solidifies.
3. Cooling and mineral formation:
- As magma cools, it undergoes a process called crystallization, where minerals start to form.
- The minerals in igneous rocks are formed through the crystallization of the various elements present in the magma.
- The specific minerals that form depend on the chemical composition of the magma.
4. Cracks and mineral occurrence:
- During the cooling and solidification of magma, cracks or fractures can develop in the rock.
- These cracks provide pathways for mineral-rich fluids to flow through the rock.
- As the fluids circulate through the cracks, they can deposit minerals, forming veins or mineral-filled fractures within the igneous rock.
5. Benefits of mineral occurrence in cracks:
- The presence of minerals in cracks can contribute to the economic value of igneous rocks.
- Some minerals, such as gold, silver, and copper, are often found in veins or mineral-filled fractures within igneous rocks.
- These mineral occurrences can be important for mining and extracting valuable resources.
In conclusion, minerals in igneous rocks occur in cracks or fractures formed during the cooling and solidification of magma. These mineral occurrences can have economic significance and are often targeted for mining purposes.

Answer:

Veins and Lodes:

• Definition: Veins and lodes are mineral deposits that are found in fractures and fissures in rocks.


• Characteristics: These deposits are typically narrow and elongated in shape.


• Formation: Veins and lodes are formed when mineral-rich fluids flow through fractures and fill the voids with deposits over time.

Metallic Minerals Obtained from Veins and Lodes:

• Zinc: Zinc is a metallic mineral that is commonly obtained from veins and lodes. It is often found in association with lead and silver deposits.

Other Metallic Minerals:

• Limestone: Limestone is not a metallic mineral and is not obtained from veins and lodes. It is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate.


• Rutile: Rutile is a titanium dioxide mineral and is not typically obtained from veins and lodes. It is commonly found in beach sands and igneous rocks.


• Mica: Mica is a non-metallic mineral and is not obtained from veins and lodes. It is a silicate mineral that is commonly used in electrical insulation and as a decorative material.

Therefore, out of the given options, the metallic mineral that is obtained from veins and lodes is Zinc (Option A).

Metallurgical coal used in the smelting of iron ore is Bituminous coal.
Explanation:
- Metallurgical coal: It is a type of coal that is used in the production of iron and steel. It is also known as coking coal or metallurgical coke.
- Smelting of iron ore: This is the process of extracting iron from iron ore by heating it at high temperatures in a blast furnace.
- Bituminous coal: This type of coal is intermediate in rank between sub-bituminous coal and anthracite coal. It is widely used in industrial processes, including the smelting of iron ore.
- Anthracite: Anthracite coal is the highest rank of coal and has a high carbon content. It is often used as a fuel in residential and commercial heating.
- Lignite: Lignite coal is the lowest rank of coal and has a low carbon content. It is often used in power generation.
- Peat: Peat is an organic material that is formed from partially decayed plant matter. It is the earliest stage in the formation of coal.
Therefore, the correct answer is B: Bituminous coal. It is the type of coal that is used in the smelting of iron ore.

The minerals obtained from veins and lodes are typically metallic minerals that are found in concentrated deposits. Let's analyze each option to determine which minerals are obtained from veins and lodes:
(i) Zinc:
- Zinc is commonly obtained from veins and lodes.
- It is primarily found in association with other metallic minerals and is extracted from underground mines.
(ii) Copper:
- Copper is another mineral that is obtained from veins and lodes.
- It is often found in combination with other minerals in deposits and is extracted through mining operations.
(iii) Coal:
- Coal is not obtained from veins and lodes.
- It is formed from the remains of plants and is found in sedimentary rock layers, not in concentrated deposits like veins and lodes.
(iv) Bauxite:
- Bauxite is also not obtained from veins and lodes.
- It is the primary ore of aluminum and is typically found in tropical or subtropical regions, mainly in shallow layers of the Earth's crust.
Based on the analysis, the minerals obtained from veins and lodes are:
- Zinc
- Copper
Therefore, the correct answer is A: Only (i) and (ii).

Where do minerals occur in sedimentary rocks?
Minerals can occur in sedimentary rocks in various locations within the rock structure. The most common location is in the beds or layers of the sedimentary rock. Here are the detailed explanations:
Beds or layers:
- Sedimentary rocks are formed by the accumulation and cementation of sediment layers over time. Minerals can become trapped within these layers during the sedimentation process.
- As sediment is deposited and compacted, minerals may settle and become cemented together, forming the solid rock structure.
- The minerals can vary in composition and size, depending on the specific type of sedimentary rock and the environment in which it was formed.
Other possible locations where minerals may occur in sedimentary rocks include:
Cracks:
- Sedimentary rocks can have cracks or fractures that form after their initial formation.
- Minerals can precipitate or fill these cracks, creating veins or mineral-filled fractures within the rock.
Crevices:
- Similar to cracks, crevices or fissures in sedimentary rocks can provide spaces for minerals to accumulate.
- These crevices may be formed by various geological processes, such as tectonic activity or weathering.
Faults:
- Faults are fractures or breaks in the Earth's crust where rocks on either side have moved relative to each other.
- Minerals can be deposited along fault lines, forming mineral veins that cut across the sedimentary rock layers.
In summary, minerals in sedimentary rocks primarily occur in the beds or layers of the rock. However, they can also be found in cracks, crevices, and faults within the rock structure. These minerals provide valuable information about the geological history and processes that have occurred in the formation of sedimentary rocks.

Answer:
The minerals are deposited and accumulated in the strata of sedimentary rocks. Here is a detailed explanation:
Sedimentary Rocks:
- Sedimentary rocks are formed by the deposition and accumulation of sediments (such as sand, mud, and organic materials) over time.
- These sediments are derived from the weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks and are transported by water, wind, or ice to a new location where they settle and accumulate.
- As the sediments accumulate, they undergo compaction and cementation, which turns them into solid rock.
- The minerals within the sediments become part of the rock's composition and are preserved within the layers or strata of the sedimentary rock.
Importance of Sedimentary Rocks:
- Sedimentary rocks contain valuable resources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which are formed from the accumulation and transformation of organic matter.
- They also provide important clues about Earth's history, as the layers of sedimentary rocks can record information about past environments, climate, and the evolution of life.
In conclusion, minerals are deposited and accumulated in the strata of sedimentary rocks.

Among the options provided, the correct answer is C: Karnataka. Here's why:

- Karnataka is the leading producer of iron ore in India.
- The state is known for its rich reserves of iron ore, contributing significantly to the country's production.
- The iron ore mining industry in Karnataka plays a vital role in India's overall iron ore output, making it a key state in the mining sector.

Remember, when considering iron ore production, Karnataka stands out as the primary producer in the country.

Question: Which of the following is the highest quality hard coal?
Answer: The highest quality hard coal is Anthracite.
Here is a detailed explanation:
Types of Coal:
- Lignite: Lignite is the lowest quality and least carbon-rich form of coal. It has the lowest energy content and is often referred to as "brown coal."
- Bituminous: Bituminous coal is a medium-quality coal with higher carbon content than lignite. It is commonly used for electricity generation and is a widely available and abundant coal type.
- Anthracite: Anthracite is the highest quality hard coal. It has a high carbon content, low moisture content, and high energy density. It is a rare and valuable coal type known for its high heating value and clean-burning properties.
- Bauxite: Bauxite is not a type of coal. It is a sedimentary rock that is the primary source of aluminum.
Comparison of Coal Types:
- Lignite is the lowest quality coal with the lowest energy content.
- Bituminous coal is of medium quality, widely used for electricity generation.
- Anthracite is the highest quality hard coal, known for its high carbon content and clean-burning properties.
- Bauxite is not a type of coal but a rock used for aluminum production.
Conclusion:
The highest quality hard coal among the given options is Anthracite. It is a rare and valuable coal type with high carbon content and clean-burning properties.