Test: HTML- 2 - Class 9 MCQ

Answer:
The internet is a vast and complex network that connects millions of devices worldwide. It can be described in various ways, and all of the given options are valid perspectives on what the internet represents:
A network of networks:
- The internet is a collection of interconnected networks, allowing devices to communicate and exchange data globally.
- It is built on a hierarchical structure, with smaller networks connecting to larger ones, ultimately forming a global network of networks.
An ocean of resources waiting to be mined:
- The internet is a massive repository of information and resources, with countless websites, documents, videos, and more available for users to access and utilize.
- It offers a virtually endless amount of knowledge and entertainment, waiting to be discovered and explored.
A cooperative anarchy:
- The internet operates in a decentralized manner, without any central authority or governing body controlling its operations.
- It relies on the collaboration and cooperation of various organizations, individuals, and communities to function effectively and securely.
All of the above:
- The internet can be seen as all of the above because it encompasses the characteristics mentioned in each option.
- It is a network of networks, an ocean of resources, and a cooperative anarchy, all at the same time.
In conclusion, the internet is a complex and multifaceted entity that can be described from different perspectives. It is a network of networks, an ocean of resources, and a cooperative anarchy, making option D - "All of the above" - the correct answer.

Explanation:
HTML uses different tags to structure and format web content. In this case, we are looking for the tag that contains the title of the web page, which is the title tag.
The title tag is nested within the head tag. The head tag is used to define information about the document, such as the title, links to stylesheets, and metadata. It is not visible on the webpage itself.
To summarize, the title tag is nested within the head tag in HTML.
HTML structure:
- html tag: The root element of an HTML page.
- head tag: Contains metadata and other information about the document.
- title tag: Defines the title of the document.
- body tag: Contains the visible content of the document.
Note: The given options in the question are not correct as they suggest other HTML tags that are not related to the title tag. The correct answer is option B:

Head

.

The Internet uses the TCP/IP as the protocol engine.

Explanation:

The TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the protocol suite that the Internet uses as its protocol engine. It is a set of protocols that allows for the transmission of data over networks, including the Internet. Here's how TCP/IP works:
1. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):
- TCP is responsible for establishing and maintaining a reliable connection between devices on the Internet.
- It breaks the data into smaller packets and ensures that they are delivered in the correct order to the destination.
- TCP also handles error detection, flow control, and congestion control.
2. Internet Protocol (IP):
- IP is responsible for addressing and routing packets across the Internet.
- It assigns unique IP addresses to devices and determines the most efficient path for data transmission.
- IP also handles fragmentation, reassembly, and error reporting.
3. Other protocols in the TCP/IP suite:
- In addition to TCP and IP, the TCP/IP suite includes other protocols like HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) for web browsing, SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) for email, FTP (File Transfer Protocol) for file transfer, and many more.
- These protocols work together to enable different types of communication and services on the Internet.
Conclusion:
In summary, the TCP/IP protocol suite serves as the protocol engine of the Internet, providing reliable communication, addressing, and routing capabilities. It is the foundation that allows for the seamless transmission of data across the global network.

Protocol Used for E-mail Services: SMTP
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is the protocol used for email services. It is a standard communication protocol that enables the transmission of email messages between servers and clients. Here is a detailed explanation of SMTP:
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
- SMTP is an Internet standard protocol for sending and receiving email messages.
- It is a client-server protocol, where the client initiates the connection to the server in order to send an email.
- SMTP operates on port 25 by default, but it can also use alternative ports like 587 or 465.
- It uses a simple text-based format to transfer email messages between mail servers.
- SMTP servers handle the outgoing mail, while other protocols like POP3 or IMAP are used to retrieve incoming mail.
- When an email is sent, the client establishes a connection to the SMTP server and transmits the email message using the SMTP commands.
- The server then processes the email and tries to deliver it to the recipient's mail server.
- If the recipient's server is not available, the email is temporarily stored or bounced back to the sender.
- SMTP also includes mechanisms for email authentication and encryption, such as SMTP-AUTH and SMTP over TLS (Transport Layer Security).
Benefits of SMTP:
- Reliable: SMTP ensures reliable delivery of email messages by using various error handling mechanisms.
- Standardized: SMTP is a widely adopted standard protocol supported by most email servers and clients.
- Compatibility: SMTP is compatible with different operating systems and devices, making it suitable for cross-platform communication.
- Security: SMTP supports authentication and encryption mechanisms to protect the privacy and integrity of email messages.
In conclusion, SMTP is the protocol used for email services. It enables the transmission of email messages between servers and clients, ensuring reliable and standardized communication.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
- A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a uniform naming scheme used to locate resources on the web.
- It is a reference to a web resource that specifies its location and how to retrieve it.
- URLs are commonly used to link web pages, images, videos, documents, and other resources on the internet.
- They provide a unique address for each resource, allowing users to access them using web browsers or other internet-enabled applications.
- URLs are composed of several components, including the protocol (such as HTTP or HTTPS), the domain name or IP address of the server hosting the resource, and the path to the specific resource on the server.
- URLs can also contain additional parameters, such as query strings or anchors, to provide further instructions or information.
- The use of URLs has become an integral part of the web, allowing users to navigate and access resources easily.
- Examples of URLs include "https://www.example.com/index.html" or "ftp://ftp.example.com/files/document.pdf".
In the given options, the correct answer is A: URL.

Default font size of HTML is 3.
Explanation:
To determine the default font size of HTML, we need to consider the CSS specification for HTML.
CSS Specification:
- The CSS specification for HTML states that the default font size is 16 pixels (px) or 1em.
- The default font size is applied to the root element (html) and is inherited by all other elements unless explicitly specified.
HTML Bullet Points:
- The default font size of HTML is 3.
- This can be confirmed by inspecting any HTML element in a web browser.
- The default font size can be overridden by using CSS properties such as font-size or by applying CSS classes or inline styles to specific elements.
- It is important to note that the default font size may vary depending on the web browser or device being used.
- To ensure consistency, it is recommended to define the font size explicitly in CSS or use CSS frameworks that provide a consistent default font size.
Conclusion:
In summary, the default font size of HTML is 3. However, it is always a good practice to define the font size explicitly to ensure consistent rendering across different browsers and devices.

To connect to an ISP's server, you need certain credentials and equipment. The correct answer is option C: User name and Password. Let's break down the details:
1. User name and Password:
- Most ISPs require you to have a unique user name and password to establish a connection with their server.
- These credentials are provided by the ISP when you sign up for their service.
- The user name and password combination authenticates your identity and allows you to access the ISP's server.
2. Hand gloves:
- Hand gloves are not required to connect to an ISP's server. They are used for protecting your hands in various tasks but have no relevance to establishing an internet connection.
3. Printer:
- A printer is a peripheral device used for producing hard copies of digital documents. However, it is not necessary to have a printer to connect to an ISP's server.
4. None of the above:
- This option is incorrect as user name and password are indeed required to connect to an ISP's server.
In conclusion, the correct answer to connect to an ISP's server is option C: User name and Password. These credentials are essential for authentication and access to the ISP's network.

Answer:
To upload an HTML file to a web server, you use FTP (File Transfer Protocol). FTP is a standard network protocol used for transferring files between a client and a server on a computer network. Here's a detailed solution on how to upload an HTML file using FTP:
Step-by-step guide:
1. Connect to the web server:
- Open an FTP client software (e.g., FileZilla, WinSCP).
- Enter the FTP server's address, username, and password provided by the web hosting provider.
- Click on the "Connect" or "Login" button to establish a connection with the server.
2. Navigate to the correct directory:
- Once connected, you will see the local files on your computer on one side of the FTP client interface and the server's files on the other side.
- Navigate to the directory where you want to upload the HTML file on the server.
3. Upload the HTML file:
- Locate the HTML file on your local computer.
- Drag and drop the HTML file from your local directory to the server's directory in the FTP client interface.
- Alternatively, you can right-click on the HTML file and select the "Upload" or "Send to Server" option.
4. Wait for the upload to complete:
- The FTP client will start transferring the HTML file to the server.
- The transfer progress will be displayed in the FTP client interface, indicating the upload speed and remaining time.
5. Verify the upload:
- Once the upload is complete, you can verify the presence of the HTML file in the server's directory.
- Refresh the server directory or use the FTP client's "Refresh" button to see the newly uploaded file.
By following these steps, you can successfully upload an HTML file to a web server using FTP. Make sure to have the necessary credentials and permissions to access the server and upload files.

The regional networks connected to the corporate networks are also called the backbone. Here is a detailed explanation:
Definition:
- The backbone refers to the central infrastructure of a network that connects multiple regional networks or LANs (Local Area Networks) together.
- It acts as a high-speed transmission path for data and information exchange between different locations within an organization.
Function and Importance:
- The backbone plays a crucial role in ensuring efficient communication and data transfer between regional networks and the corporate network.
- It facilitates the sharing of resources, such as files, applications, and databases, among different branches or departments of an organization.
- The backbone provides a reliable and secure connection, enabling seamless access to shared resources and promoting collaboration among users.
Characteristics of a Backbone Network:
- High Bandwidth: The backbone network usually has a higher bandwidth capacity compared to the regional networks it connects, allowing for faster data transfer.
- Redundancy: To ensure uninterrupted connectivity, backbone networks often incorporate redundant links and backup systems.
- Scalability: The backbone should be designed to accommodate future growth and expansion, allowing additional regional networks to be easily integrated.
- Security: The backbone network should implement robust security measures to protect sensitive data and prevent unauthorized access.
Alternative Options:
- LAN COM: This option is incorrect because LAN (Local Area Network) refers to a network that connects devices within a limited geographical area, such as an office or building.
- WAN COM: This option is incorrect because WAN (Wide Area Network) refers to a network that connects devices over a larger geographical area, such as multiple offices or cities.
- Intranet: This option is incorrect because an intranet is a private network that uses internet protocols and technologies to provide internal communication and collaboration within an organization. It is not specifically related to the regional networks connected to the corporate networks.

Answer:
The father of the World Wide Web is Tim Berners-Lee. He is credited with inventing the World Wide Web, which revolutionized the way information is shared and accessed on the internet. Here is a detailed explanation of his contribution:
Background:
- Tim Berners-Lee is a British computer scientist born on June 8, 1955, in London, England.
- He studied physics at the Queen's College, Oxford University.
Invention of the World Wide Web:
- In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee proposed a system for organizing and accessing information on the internet, which he called the World Wide Web.
- He developed the first web browser called "WorldWideWeb" and the first web server software.
- He also created the first website, which provided information about the World Wide Web project.
Key Contributions:
- Berners-Lee introduced concepts such as URLs (Uniform Resource Locators), HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), and HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) that are fundamental to the functioning of the web.
- He advocated for an open standard, allowing anyone to create and access web pages without restrictions.
- Berners-Lee's vision for the web included principles of universality, decentralization, and democracy, ensuring that it remains accessible to all.
Impact and Legacy:
- The World Wide Web has transformed the way people communicate, share information, and conduct business.
- It has enabled the rapid dissemination of knowledge, facilitated e-commerce, and revolutionized industries such as media, education, and entertainment.
- Tim Berners-Lee continues to be an advocate for an open and accessible web, working to protect user privacy and promote digital rights.
In conclusion, Tim Berners-Lee is rightfully recognized as the father of the World Wide Web due to his groundbreaking invention and significant contributions to the development and evolution of the internet.