Important Questions (2 Marks): Development - Class 10

The Gini coefficient is a measure of income inequality within a country. A higher Gini coefficient indicates greater income inequality. It is calculated based on the distribution of income among the population, with 0 representing perfect equality and 1 indicating perfect inequality. The coefficient is an essential tool for understanding the economic disparities within a nation. The World Bank uses it to assess and compare the economic conditions of different countries.

The Human Development Index (HDI) is calculated by adding three main indicators: literacy rate, life expectancy at birth, and per capita income. These indicators provide a comprehensive measure of a country's overall development. The HDI is a useful tool for comparing the quality of life and development across different nations.

The World Bank primarily uses per capita income as a criterion for classifying different countries. Per capita income is calculated by dividing the total national income by the population. It provides an indication of the average income per person in a country and is widely used for international comparisons of economic development.

Sustainable development aims to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It emphasizes responsible resource use, environmental conservation, and long-term planning to ensure a balanced and equitable development path.

Public facilities are services provided by the government to satisfy the collective needs of the people. These include infrastructure, sanitation, public transport, healthcare, and more. They are considered essential for a nation as they ensure the well-being and development of the entire population, fostering social equity and inclusivity.

The main attribute of sustainable development related to natural resources is preservation and responsible use. Sustainable development aims to ensure the long-term availability of resources, including exhaustible natural resources and environmental resources, by promoting responsible and balanced utilization.

The Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) measures the number of children who die before the age of one year, expressed as a proportion of 1000 live children born in a particular year. It is a critical indicator of the health conditions and healthcare accessibility in a region.

The average income of a country is calculated by dividing the national income by the population. This value, also known as per capita income, represents the average income per person in the country. It serves as a crucial indicator for comparing the economic well-being of different nations.

The three main indicators of the Human Development Index (HDI) are life expectancy at birth, gross enrollment ratio, and per capita income. These indicators provide a comprehensive measure of a country's development, encompassing health, education, and economic well-being.

The desire for more income is not the sole determinant of the quality of life. While income is important, other non-material factors also play a crucial role. For example, a job may offer less pay but provide regular employment, enhancing a person's sense of security. This illustrates that the quality of life depends on a combination of material and non-material considerations.

The Gini coefficient is significant in assessing a country's economic landscape as it provides a measure of income inequality. A higher Gini coefficient indicates a more unequal distribution of income among the population. Policymakers use this indicator to understand and address economic disparities within a nation.

Per capita income is considered an important indicator for comparing the economic well-being of different countries because it indicates the average income per person in a nation. This allows for a more accurate assessment of the standard of living and economic conditions, facilitating international comparisons.

Sustainable development differs from traditional development approaches by emphasizing a balance between present needs and the well-being of future generations. It involves responsible resource use, environmental conservation, and long-term planning to ensure that development is not at the expense of the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Public facilities play a crucial role in promoting national development by providing essential services for collective needs. These services, such as healthcare, education, and infrastructure, contribute to the overall well-being and progress of the entire population, fostering social inclusivity and equity.

The Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) measures the number of infant deaths before the age of one year per 1000 live births in a specific year. It is a critical indicator of healthcare conditions and the effectiveness of healthcare systems in addressing infant mortality.