Test: Climate- 1 - UPSC

The houses with thick walls and flat roof are formed in Rajasthan.
Some key points to support this answer are:
- Traditional Architecture: The houses in Rajasthan are built using traditional architecture techniques that are specific to the region.
- Climate: The thick walls and flat roofs are designed to suit the hot and arid climate of Rajasthan.
- Thermal Insulation: The thick walls help in providing insulation from the extreme temperatures outside, keeping the interiors cool during summers and warm during winters.
- Availability of Building Materials: Rajasthan is known for its abundant supply of locally available materials like stone, mud, and sand, which are used in constructing these houses.
- Strength and Durability: The thick walls provide strength and durability to the houses, making them capable of withstanding the harsh weather conditions of the region.
- Flat Roofs: The flat roofs are designed to prevent the accumulation of water during the rare instances of rainfall in Rajasthan.
- Traditional Aesthetics: The houses with thick walls and flat roofs reflect the traditional aesthetics and cultural heritage of Rajasthan.
Therefore, based on these factors, it can be concluded that the houses with thick walls and flat roofs are formed in Rajasthan.

Warm Ocean Currents and the Replacement of the Peruvian Cold Current:
The Peruvian cold current, also known as the Humboldt Current, is a cold ocean current that flows northward along the western coast of South America. It is responsible for the upwelling of nutrient-rich waters, which supports a diverse marine ecosystem and contributes to the productivity of the region. However, at times, this cold current is replaced by a warm ocean current.
The warm ocean current that replaces the Peruvian cold current is known as El Nino. El Nino is a climatic phenomenon characterized by the warming of sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. This warming causes a disruption in the normal atmospheric circulation patterns, leading to changes in weather patterns across the globe.
Key Points:
- The warm ocean current that replaces the Peruvian cold current is El Nino.
- El Nino is a climatic phenomenon characterized by the warming of sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific Ocean.
- El Nino causes a disruption in normal atmospheric circulation patterns, leading to changes in weather patterns globally.
- During El Nino events, the Peruvian cold current weakens or reverses, allowing warm water to flow along the western coast of South America.
- The warm water brought by El Nino has significant impacts on marine ecosystems, fisheries, and weather patterns in the affected regions.
Therefore, the correct answer is B: El Nino.

Explanation:
The question asks which season is not included in the division of the year based on monthly atmospheric conditions. Let's analyze each option and determine if it is included or not:

1. Winter season: Winter is a season that is characterized by cold temperatures, usually below freezing, and often includes snow and ice. It is typically associated with the months of December, January, and February in the Northern Hemisphere and June, July, and August in the Southern Hemisphere. Winter is included in the division of seasons based on atmospheric conditions.


2. Summer season: Summer is a season that is characterized by warm or hot temperatures and longer days. It is typically associated with the months of June, July, and August in the Northern Hemisphere and December, January, and February in the Southern Hemisphere. Summer is included in the division of seasons based on atmospheric conditions.


3. Rainy season: The rainy season is a period of the year when there is a significant amount of rainfall. This season is typically associated with regions that experience monsoon climates or tropical climates. The specific months of the rainy season can vary depending on the location. The rainy season is included in the division of seasons based on atmospheric conditions.


4. Spring season: Spring is a season that marks the transition from winter to summer. It is characterized by milder temperatures, increasing daylight, and the blossoming of flowers and trees. Spring is typically associated with the months of March, April, and May in the Northern Hemisphere and September, October, and November in the Southern Hemisphere. Spring is included in the division of seasons based on atmospheric conditions.

Therefore, the correct answer is D: Spring season.

Tamil Nadu receives rainfall two times a year once in the monsoon season and another in the winter season. It receives winter rainfall due to the northeast trade winds which pick up moisture from the Bay of Bengal and shed in Tamil Nadu. And it receives monsoon rainfall due to the southwest trade winds which blow towards the northern hemisphere. 

Explanation:
The correct answer is Rabi.
Reasoning:
- Winter rainfall is most common in regions with a Mediterranean climate, where the rainy season occurs during the winter months.
- Rabi crops are sown in the winter season and harvested in the spring.
- These crops depend on the winter rainfall for growth and development.
- Some examples of Rabi crops include wheat, barley, mustard, peas, and gram.
Conclusion:
- Rabi crops are associated with the winter rainfall as they rely on it for their growth and development.

Statement: The Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle of the country from Rann of Kuchchh in the west to Mizoram in the east.

The Tropic of Cancer is an imaginary line located at approximately 23.5 degrees north of the Equator. It marks the northernmost point where the sun appears directly overhead at noon during the summer solstice.
Here is a detailed explanation of why statement B is correct:
The Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle of the country from Rann of Kuchchh in the west to Mizoram in the east:
- The Rann of Kuchchh is a large salt marsh located in the state of Gujarat in western India.
- Mizoram is a northeastern state of India, sharing borders with Bangladesh and Myanmar.
- The Tropic of Cancer passes through multiple states in India, including Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram.
- Therefore, statement B is correct as it accurately describes the path of the Tropic of Cancer through the country.
Summary:
In summary, the Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle of the country from Rann of Kuchchh in the west to Mizoram in the east. This statement accurately describes the path of the Tropic of Cancer in India.

States that receive winter rainfall:
- Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh
Explanation:
- Tamil Nadu: Tamil Nadu receives winter rainfall due to the northeast monsoon, also known as the winter monsoon. This monsoon brings rainfall to the coastal areas of Tamil Nadu, particularly in the months of October to December.
- Andhra Pradesh: Andhra Pradesh also receives winter rainfall from the northeast monsoon. The coastal regions of Andhra Pradesh experience rainfall during the winter months.
- Other options mentioned in the question are incorrect:
- Odisha and West Bengal: These states receive rainfall during the summer monsoon season, not winter.

Therefore, the correct answer is option B: Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.

In Assam, the average annual temperature is 23.2 °C. In a year, the average rainfall is 1927 mm.

Explanation:
El Nino is a Spanish term that means "the child." It is a weather phenomenon that occurs in the Pacific Ocean, affecting the climate around the world. Here is the detailed explanation:
El Nino:
- El Nino is a weather phenomenon that occurs every few years in the Pacific Ocean.
- It is characterized by the warming of the ocean surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific.
- El Nino disrupts the normal pattern of ocean currents and atmospheric circulation, leading to changes in weather patterns globally.
Meaning of El Nino:
- El Nino is a Spanish term.
- In Spanish, "El" means "the" and "Nino" means "child."
- Therefore, El Nino translates to "the child" in English.
Other language translations:
- In English, El Nino is still referred to as "El Nino."
- In French, it is also referred to as "El Nino."
- In German, it is referred to as "El Nino."
- However, the term El Nino is most commonly associated with the Spanish language.
Therefore, the correct answer is C: Spanish.

Answer:
The state of the atmosphere at a place at any time is referred to as weather. Here is a detailed explanation:
Weather:
- Weather refers to the current state of the atmosphere, including temperature, humidity, wind speed, precipitation, and atmospheric conditions.
- It describes the short-term variations in the atmosphere that occur over hours, days, or weeks.
- Weather conditions can change rapidly and vary from one location to another.
Climate:
- Climate refers to the long-term average weather conditions of a specific region or area.
- It takes into account patterns and trends in temperature, precipitation, wind, and other atmospheric variables over a period of several decades.
- Climate is more stable and predictable compared to weather.
Atmosphere:
- The atmosphere is the layer of gases surrounding the Earth.
- It is composed of various gases, such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and trace amounts of other elements.
- The atmosphere plays a vital role in regulating Earth's temperature, protecting it from harmful radiation, and supporting life.
None of these:
- None of the other options (climate and atmosphere) accurately describes the state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place.
In conclusion, the state of the atmosphere at a place at any time is referred to as weather, which describes the current conditions and variations in temperature, precipitation, wind, and atmospheric conditions.