Test: Democracy & Diversity - Class 10

Cross-cutting social differences are easier to accommodate.

The Bastille had many prisoners who were put in jail without any trial.The rich, poor everyone who opposed the policies of Louis XVI was imprisoned. So The Bastille stood for the despotic power of the king. 

A society that has similar kinds of people, especially where there are no significant ethnic differences is called as a homogeneous society. Germany and Sweden were highly homogeneous at one point of time.

The clergy and nobility enjoyed exemption from paying redemption taxes to the state. They had political rights and social status.

Some privileges enjoyed by the clergy and nobility are: They are not liable to pay taxes to the government. Third estate or the peasants provide services to them. They collect tax and levies from the third estate parties that is, the peasants for tithes.

Actually the Bastille had many prisoners who were put in jail without any trial.The rich, poor everyone who opposed the policies of Louis XVI was imprisoned. So The Bastille stood for the despotic power of the king. 

Society based on freedom,equal laws and opportunities was advocated by philosopher such as John Locke and Rousseau..

Locke refuted the doctrine of the divine and absolute rights of the monarch because he was inspired by the humanistic and enlightened viewpoint that all individuals are equal. No individual is created superior by God. Hence, no individual can have any absolute and divine right to rule over others.

In Northern Ireland, population is divided into two major sects of Christianity. 53 percent are Protestants and 44 percent are Roman Catholics. Here, Catholics are poor and discriminated. This is a social division because class and religion overlap with each other here.

Social division play a vital role in politics. 
Democracy involves competition among various political parties due to which social divisions get reflected in politics. 
Social divisions affect voting in most countries. 
Political competition along religions and ethnic lines led to the disintegration of Yugoslavia into six independent countries.

Montesquieu in his book 'The Spirit of the Laws',  proposed a division of power within the government between the legislative, the executive and the judiciary. This model of government was put into force in the USA, after the thirteen colonies declared their independence from Britain.

Social divisions affect voting in most countries.

Voting in the Estates General in the past had been conducted 

1. According to the principle that each estate had one vote. 

2. Members of the Third Estate demanded that voting must now be conducted by the assembly as a whole, where each member would have one vote. 

3. This was according to the democratic principles put forward by philosophers like Rousseau in his book, The Social Contract. 

The Estates-General convened in the Grands Salles des Menus-Plaisirs in Versailles on 5 May 1789 and opened with a three-hour speech by Necker. The Third Estate demanded that the credentials of deputies should be verified by all deputies, rather than each estate verifying the credentials of its own members; but negotiations with the other estates failed to achieve this. The commoners appealed to the clergy, who asked for more time. 

Social divisions reflects the division of society on the basis of caste, religion, region, language etc and get expressed in politics in various forms. In fact political expressions of these social divisions is very normal as it. 

1. It has allowed marginal and disadvantaged groups to ventilate their grievances with the support of political parties and compels government to be responsive to their needs. 
2. It ensures adequate representation to such diverse groups and due accommodation of their interests. In turn it helps political parties to mobilize support and expand its base. 
3. Political expression of social divisions has often helped these marginalised groups who have been discriminated to fight against injustice prevailing in the society to voice their dissent in a peaceful constitutional manner.

Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar was a Texas politician, poet, diplomat and soldier. He was the second President of the Republic of Texas. He played an important role in the Texas Revolution and distinguished himself with bravery at the Battle of San Jacinto.

Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes or Abbe Sieyes was a French Roman Catholic abbe, clergyman and political writer. He was one of the chief political theorists of the French Revolution. He played an important role in the French Consulate and First French Empire. What is the Third Estate?, a pamphlet written by him, became the de facto manifesto of the Revolution. It helped to transform the Estates General into the National Assembly in June 1789.  

• Regular, free and fair elections are a fundamental characteristic of a democracy.


• Elections provide the opportunity for citizens to choose their representatives and leaders.


• Democracy ensures that power is vested in the hands of the people, and elections are the means through which this power is exercised.


• Regular elections allow for the peaceful transfer of power, ensuring stability and continuity in governance.


• Free and fair elections guarantee that all eligible citizens have the right to vote without any discrimination or coercion.


• Elections provide a platform for political competition, allowing different ideas and perspectives to be debated and represented.


• They offer citizens the opportunity to shape the policies and direction of their country through their vote.


• Democracy promotes transparency, accountability, and responsiveness, and regular elections are a crucial mechanism to ensure these principles are upheld.


• Regular, free and fair elections are therefore considered the hallmark of democratic governance.

he black gloved and raised clenched fists of Tommie Smith and John Carlos were meant to symbolize black power. They are African-Americans. 
This event took place in 1968 Summer Olympics. It is also known as 1968 Olympics Black power salute.

The most basic outcome of democracy is that it produces a government that is accountable to the citizens, and responsive to the needs and expectations of the citizens.

The International Olympic Association held Carlos and Smith guilty of violating the Olympic spirit by making a political statement. Their medals were taken back. Back home, they were subjected to a lot of criticism.

Eternity is often symbolized by the image of a snake swallowing its own tail, known as the Ouroboros (or Uroboros). The circle is also commonly used as a symbol for eternity, as is the mathematical symbol of infinity, . Symbolically, it suggests that Eternity has no beginning or end.

The national colours of France ae Blue, Red and White. These colours are present in the national flag of France.

"La Marseillaise" is the national anthem of France.

They were known as sans-culottes because they wore the long striped pants worn by dockworkers.

ANSWER a) Republic