Important Questions (1 mark): Food Security In India - Class 9

Kalahandi, Kashipur, Nabarangpur and Subarnapur are the places in Odisha where some starvation death have been reported.

Annapurna Scheme (APS) has been launched in April, 2000. It aims at providing food security to meet the requirements of senior citizens who remained uncovered under other scheme.It is the scheme for the indigent senior citizen. It provides 10 kg of food grains free of cost per month to senior citizens who are not receiving any pension or have any other source of income.

Answer:
Kalahandi is situated in the state of Orissa (now known as Odisha).
Here is a detailed explanation:
1. Introduction:
Kalahandi is a district in the Indian state of Odisha (formerly known as Orissa). It is located in the western part of the state and is known for its rich cultural heritage and natural beauty.
2. Geographical Location:
Kalahandi is situated in the southern part of Odisha and is bordered by various districts such as Nuapada, Balangir, Rayagada, and Nabarangpur. It lies approximately between 19° 37' N and 20° 39' N latitude and 82° 32' E and 83° 34' E longitude.
3. Historical Significance:
Kalahandi has a rich historical significance and has been ruled by various dynasties, including the Nagavanshi, Somavanshi, and Eastern Ganga dynasties. It has witnessed the rise and fall of several kingdoms and has played a crucial role in the history of Odisha.
4. Cultural Heritage:
Kalahandi is known for its vibrant culture and traditions. The district is home to various indigenous tribes, each having its unique customs, rituals, and art forms. The tribal festivals, dance forms like Dhemsa and Karma, and handicrafts like Dokra art are some of the cultural highlights of Kalahandi.
5. Natural Beauty:
Kalahandi is blessed with picturesque landscapes, including hills, forests, and rivers. The majestic Gandhamardan hills, the scenic Karlapat Wildlife Sanctuary, and the pristine Indravati River are some of the natural attractions that draw tourists to Kalahandi.
In conclusion, Kalahandi is situated in the state of Odisha (formerly known as Orissa) in India. It is known for its historical significance, rich cultural heritage, and natural beauty.

Introduction:
The Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) is a government program in India that aims to provide holistic development and healthcare services to children under six years of age and their mothers. It is one of the largest and most successful programs for early childhood development in the world.
Introduction of ICDS:
ICDS was introduced in India to address the issues of malnutrition, poor health, and limited access to education among children. The program focuses on providing a package of services, including supplementary nutrition, immunization, health check-ups, pre-school education, and referral services. It also aims to empower women through the provision of nutrition and health education.
Year of Introduction:
The Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) was introduced in the year 1975.
Key Points:
- ICDS was launched as a pilot project in 33 blocks of the country in 1975.
- It was later expanded to cover the entire country in a phased manner.
- The program is implemented through a network of anganwadi centers, which are grassroots-level service delivery units.
- ICDS plays a crucial role in reducing child mortality, improving nutrition levels, and enhancing the overall development of children.
- Over the years, the program has undergone several modifications and enhancements to better meet the needs of children and their families.
Conclusion:
The Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) was introduced in India in the year 1975. Since then, it has played a pivotal role in providing vital services for the holistic development of children and empowering women. The program has made significant contributions to combatting malnutrition, improving health outcomes, and promoting early childhood education.

Answer:

The most devastating famine occurred in India in 1943 in Bengal.

Explanation:
The famine in Bengal in 1943 was one of the deadliest famines in modern history, resulting in the deaths of millions of people. Here is a detailed explanation of the famine:
Causes:
- Drought: The region of Bengal experienced a severe drought in 1943, leading to a significant decline in agricultural production.
- War: The ongoing World War II disrupted transportation and trade routes, making it difficult to import food from other regions.
- Mismanagement: The British colonial government's policies and mismanagement aggravated the situation. They prioritized the war effort over providing relief to the affected population.
Impact:
- Food Shortage: The scarcity of food resulted in widespread hunger and malnutrition among the population.
- Mortality: It is estimated that between 2 and 3 million people lost their lives due to the famine. The most vulnerable groups, such as children and the elderly, were particularly affected.
- Social Consequences: The famine led to social unrest, migration, and the breakdown of traditional social structures.
Response to Options:
- Option A (Assam): The famine did not occur in Assam.
- Option B (Bengal): Correct answer. Bengal experienced the most devastating famine in India in 1943.
- Option C (Bihar): The famine did not occur in Bihar.
- Option D (Orissa): The famine did not occur in Orissa.
In conclusion, the most devastating famine occurred in Bengal, India in 1943, caused by drought, war, and mismanagement. The famine resulted in a severe food shortage, high mortality rates, and social consequences.

C is the correct option.The foodgrain stock with the Government of India was maximum in July 2002. 24.3 million tonnes is the minimum buffer stock norm for the FCI.

The correct option is B.
In Maharashtra, a co-operative called the Academy of Development Studies (ADS) has organised training and capacity building programmes on food security for NGOs. This is done to set up grain banks to facilitate replication through other NGOs and to influence the government's policy on food security.

Amul Dairy Location:
Amul Dairy is situated in Gujarat, which is a state in western India. Gujarat is known for its vibrant culture, rich history, and significant contributions to the country's economy. The state is home to various industries, including agriculture and dairy.
Reasons why Amul Dairy is located in Gujarat:
1. Cooperative Movement: Amul Dairy is a part of the Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd. (GCMMF), which was founded in 1973. The cooperative movement in Gujarat has played a crucial role in the success of the dairy industry in the state.
2. Ample Milk Production: Gujarat is one of the leading milk-producing states in India. The state has a favorable climate, suitable for dairy farming, and has a large number of dairy cattle. The availability of ample milk supply ensures the smooth functioning of Amul Dairy's operations.
3. Proximity to Raw Materials: Gujarat has a well-developed infrastructure and transportation network, making it easier for Amul Dairy to source raw materials, such as milk, from nearby regions. This reduces transportation costs and ensures the freshness of the milk.
4. Support from the Government: The Gujarat government has been proactive in supporting the dairy industry and promoting cooperative movements. It provides various incentives, subsidies, and infrastructure facilities to encourage the growth of the dairy sector.
5. Market Access: Gujarat has a large consumer base and a well-developed market for dairy products. Amul Dairy benefits from the state's strong demand for dairy products and has established a wide distribution network across Gujarat and other parts of India.
In conclusion, Amul Dairy is located in Gujarat, India due to the state's cooperative movement, ample milk production, proximity to raw materials, government support, and market access. Gujarat's favorable conditions have contributed to the success and growth of Amul Dairy as one of the leading dairy brands in India.

The Mother Dairy is an important cooperative in Delhi.
Some key details about Mother Dairy are:
1. Overview:
- Mother Dairy is a leading milk and dairy products brand in India.
- It was established in 1974 and is a subsidiary of the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB).
- The company operates as a cooperative and plays a significant role in the dairy industry.
2. Presence in Delhi:
- Mother Dairy has a strong presence in the capital city of Delhi.
- It operates several milk booths and retail outlets across different neighborhoods in Delhi.
- These outlets are known for providing fresh and quality milk products to the consumers.
3. Product Range:
- Along with fresh milk, Mother Dairy offers a wide range of dairy products.
- This includes curd, paneer (cottage cheese), butter, ghee, ice cream, and various flavored milk products.
- Mother Dairy's products are known for their quality and purity, making it a trusted brand for consumers.
4. Contribution to the Dairy Industry:
- Mother Dairy plays a crucial role in supporting milk producers and farmers.
- It procures milk directly from farmers and provides them with a fair price for their produce.
- This cooperative model helps in uplifting the livelihoods of dairy farmers and ensures a consistent supply of milk to the consumers.
5. Social Initiatives:
- Mother Dairy is also actively involved in various social initiatives.
- It focuses on promoting sustainable dairy practices, educating farmers, and improving their productivity.
- The company also undertakes initiatives related to healthcare, education, and environmental conservation.
In conclusion, Mother Dairy is an important cooperative in Delhi, contributing significantly to the dairy industry and providing quality milk and dairy products to consumers.

Answer:
To determine the state with the largest number of food insecure people, we need to analyze the options provided and identify the state or states with the highest number of food insecure individuals.
Options:
A: Bihar, Jharkhand, and Orissa
B: Bihar, Jharkhand, and Gujarat
C: Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu
D: Bihar, Chhattisgarh, and Karnataka
Analysis:
To find the state with the largest number of food insecure people, we need to consider the following factors:
1. Population: The larger the population, the higher the likelihood of having a larger number of food insecure individuals.
2. Poverty: States with higher poverty rates are more likely to have a larger number of food insecure people.
3. Socio-economic indicators: States with lower socio-economic indicators, such as low literacy rates or high unemployment rates, may have a higher number of food insecure individuals.
Conclusion:
Based on the analysis of the options provided, the state with the largest number of food insecure people is Bihar. It is mentioned in all the given options, indicating that Bihar consistently has a high number of food insecure individuals compared to the other states mentioned.

The collector is the primary or nodal officer at the district level and has overall responsibility for planning, implementation .

Grain Banks are developing in different parts of Maharashtra.

In 1981, Amartya Sen published Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation (1981), a book in which he argued that famine occurs not only from a lack of food, but from inequalities built into mechanisms for distributing food. Sen also argued that the Bengal famine was caused by an urban economic boom that raised food prices, thereby causing millions of rural workers to starve to death when their wages did not keep up.

Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) was initiated for the poor in all areas .It was introduced in June 1997

Special Target Groups in Antyodaya Anna Yojana:
The special target groups in Antyodaya Anna Yojana are as follows:
1. Poorest of the poor: The primary focus of the Antyodaya Anna Yojana is to provide food security to the poorest of the poor in India. This includes those who are extremely marginalized and living below the poverty line.
2. Poor and non-poor: While the main emphasis is on the poorest of the poor, the Antyodaya Anna Yojana also caters to the needs of other economically disadvantaged individuals and families, including both poor and non-poor sections of society.
3. Backward class: The scheme also aims to support individuals belonging to socially and economically backward classes. By providing subsidized food grains, it helps in addressing their nutritional needs and improving their overall well-being.
4. None of these: None of the above options are correct as the correct answer is Option A - "Poorest of the poor".
Overall, the Antyodaya Anna Yojana is designed to target the most vulnerable and economically disadvantaged sections of society, ensuring their access to essential food items at affordable prices.

Antyodaya card for the poorest of the poor. BPL {Below Poverty Line} card for those below the poverty line. APL{Above Poverty Line}cards for all others. Generally a yellow card is issued to a person who is below poverty line (BPL).

Cooperative Providing Milk and Vegetables at Controlled Rates in Delhi:
The cooperative that provides milk and vegetables at controlled rates in Delhi, as decided by the Government of Delhi, is Mother Dairy.
Explanation:
Mother Dairy is a well-known cooperative in Delhi that operates under the control and supervision of the Government of Delhi. It was established in 1974 with the aim of providing safe and hygienic milk and milk products to the residents of Delhi at affordable prices. Over the years, Mother Dairy has expanded its operations to include a wide range of products, including vegetables.
Here is why Mother Dairy is the correct answer:
1. Controlled Rates: Mother Dairy follows the rates set by the Government of Delhi for milk and vegetables. This means that the prices are regulated and kept affordable for the consumers.
2. Quality Assurance: Mother Dairy ensures the quality and safety of its products through rigorous quality control measures. The milk and vegetables undergo regular testing to meet the required standards.
3. Wide Distribution Network: Mother Dairy has a widespread distribution network in Delhi, ensuring that its products reach every corner of the city. This accessibility makes it convenient for consumers to purchase milk and vegetables at controlled rates.
4. Sustainable Practices: Mother Dairy focuses on sustainable farming practices to grow its vegetables. This includes organic farming techniques and the use of eco-friendly methods to minimize environmental impact.
In conclusion, Mother Dairy is the cooperative that provides milk and vegetables at controlled rates in Delhi, as per the guidelines set by the Government of Delhi. It not only ensures affordability but also maintains quality and sustainability in its operations.

Explanation:
The correct answer for the acronym F.C.I. is B: Food Corporation of India. Here is a detailed explanation:
Food Corporation of India (FCI) is a government-owned corporation responsible for ensuring the food security of the nation. It was established in 1965 under the Food Corporations Act. FCI operates under the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food, and Public Distribution of the Government of India.
Key Points:
- FCI stands for Food Corporation of India.
- It is a government-owned corporation.
- FCI ensures food security in India.
- It was established in 1965.
- FCI operates under the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food, and Public Distribution.
Additional Information:
- FCI plays a crucial role in maintaining the buffer stock of food grains and distributing them through the Public Distribution System (PDS).
- It procures food grains directly from farmers at Minimum Support Price (MSP) and stores them in warehouses across the country.
- FCI also regulates the market prices of food grains and intervenes in times of shortage or excess supply.
- The corporation operates through five zonal offices located in various parts of India.
- FCI also provides food grains for various government schemes like the National Food Security Act, Mid-Day Meal Scheme, and the Integrated Child Development Services program.
In conclusion, F.C.I. stands for Food Corporation of India, which is a government-owned corporation responsible for ensuring food security in the country.

Stamp Entitled 'Wheat Revolution' Released in July 1968

• Answer: B. Indira Gandhi

In July 1968, a special stamp entitled 'Wheat Revolution' was released by Indira Gandhi, the Prime Minister of India at that time. The stamp was issued to commemorate the success of the Green Revolution in India.

Explanation:

• Indira Gandhi: She served as the Prime Minister of India from 1966 to 1977 and again from 1980 until her assassination in 1984. She was known for her leadership during the period of economic and agricultural reforms in India.


• Wheat Revolution: The stamp entitled 'Wheat Revolution' was released to celebrate the achievement of the Green Revolution, which aimed to increase agricultural productivity, particularly in wheat production, through the use of high-yielding varieties, modern farming techniques, and improved irrigation.


• Significance: The Green Revolution played a crucial role in transforming India from a food-deficient nation to a self-sufficient one. It led to a significant increase in wheat production, making India one of the largest wheat-producing countries in the world.

Therefore, the special stamp entitled 'Wheat Revolution' released in July 1968 was issued by Indira Gandhi, the Prime Minister of India at that time.

Explanation:
The buffer stock of food grains is maintained by the government to ensure food security and stabilize prices in the market. The government procures food grains through the Food Corporation of India (FCI). The FCI is a government agency responsible for procuring, storing, and distributing food grains across the country.
Here is a detailed explanation of the options mentioned:
A: IFCI
- IFCI stands for Industrial Finance Corporation of India.
- IFCI is a financial institution that provides long-term financial assistance to industrial projects.
- It is not involved in the procurement of food grains for buffer stock.
B: FCI
- FCI stands for Food Corporation of India.
- FCI is a government agency responsible for procuring, storing, and distributing food grains.
- It plays a crucial role in maintaining the buffer stock of food grains.
C: IDBI
- IDBI stands for Industrial Development Bank of India.
- IDBI is a financial institution that provides financial assistance and development support to various industries.
- It is not involved in the procurement of food grains for buffer stock.
D: FICCI
- FICCI stands for Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry.
- FICCI is an industry association that represents the interests of Indian businesses and industries.
- It is not involved in the procurement of food grains for buffer stock.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B: FCI.

Chronic hunger is a persistent inadequacy in diet in terms of quantity and/or quality. Poor people suffer from chronic hunger because of their very low income in turn inability to buy food even for survival.

Starvation Death in Jharkhand:
Location: Palamau, Jharkhand
Explanation:
- Recently, the district of Palamau in Jharkhand witnessed a case of starvation death.
- The incident highlights the issue of food insecurity and poverty in the region.
- Starvation death occurs when an individual lacks access to sufficient food for survival, leading to severe malnutrition and ultimately death.
- Palamau, with its socio-economic challenges, has been prone to such incidents.
- The lack of proper infrastructure, poverty, and inadequate government support exacerbate the situation.
- It is essential for the government and relevant authorities to address this issue and provide necessary support to prevent such tragic incidents in the future.
- The incident in Palamau serves as a reminder of the urgent need to address food insecurity and poverty in Jharkhand and other similar regions.

Minimum Support Price (MSP)
The price that is announced before the sowing season and is guaranteed to the farmers for their crops is called the Minimum Support Price (MSP). It is a government-announced price that ensures a minimum income for farmers and protects them from market fluctuations. Here is a detailed explanation of the concept of MSP:
1. Definition:
- The Minimum Support Price (MSP) is the price at which the government purchases crops from farmers, to protect them from any sharp fall in market prices.
- It acts as a safety net for farmers and guarantees them a minimum income for their produce.
2. Calculation of MSP:
- The government takes into account various factors such as production costs, demand-supply situation, market trends, and the need to protect farmers' interests while determining the MSP for different crops.
- A committee called the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) is responsible for recommending MSPs for various agricultural commodities.
3. Purpose of MSP:
- To ensure remunerative prices for farmers and protect them from price fluctuations.
- To incentivize farmers to produce crops by providing them with a guaranteed market and income.
- To maintain food security by ensuring an adequate supply of food grains in the country.
4. Significance of MSP:
- It provides a safety net to farmers and helps in reducing their risk in agriculture.
- It encourages farmers to invest in agriculture and adopt modern farming techniques.
- It ensures a stable supply of agricultural commodities in the market.
- It helps in achieving self-sufficiency in food production.
5. Impact of MSP:
- MSP has both positive and negative impacts on the economy.
- Positive impacts include increased agricultural production, rural development, and food security.
- Negative impacts include market distortion, regional imbalances, and the burden on government finances.
In conclusion, the price that is announced before the sowing season and guarantees a minimum income to farmers is known as the Minimum Support Price (MSP). It serves as a safety net for farmers against market fluctuations and encourages agricultural production in the country.

National Rural Employment Guarantee Act,2005 was passed in September 2005 with following features: 1) It provides 100-days assured employment every year to every rural household with the reservation for one -third of the proposal jobs work women.

A is the correct option.Women and children under the age of five are food insecure population due to M alnutrition.
Malnutrition is a condition that results from eating a diet which does not supply a healthy amount of one or more nutrients. This includes diets that have too little nutrients or so many that the diet causes health problems. The nutrients involved can include calories, protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins or minerals.

The seasonal and chronic hunger mainly due to the persistence in the diet inadequacy. However, over time, people are getting indulge in increasing the food rate to the people who don’t have much.