Geography: CUET Mock Test - 7 - CUET MCQ

Arun is interested in that aspect of human geography that studies each unit of Earth thoroughly to understand the entire planet. This refers to Areal differentiation, a stage in the evolution of human geography prominent during the later colonial period. Elaborate descriptions of all aspects of a region were undertaken, with the idea that understanding all regions in totality would lead to an understanding of the whole Earth.

Current fallow

Key Points

• Current fallow
  • This refers to land that has been left out of cultivation for a period of one year or less.
  • It's a practice used by farmers to give the land a rest and allow it to recover its fertility without being sown.
  • This method is part of crop rotation practices that help in maintaining soil health and reducing pest and weed problems.
  • Current fallow land is part of a strategic agricultural practice to improve soil health.
  • It is left unsown for a short period (one year or less) to naturally regain its fertility.
  • This practice is beneficial for sustainable farming as it helps in conserving soil moisture and reducing soil erosion.

Additional Information

• Barren land
  • This refers to land that is incapable of producing vegetation or crops, often due to adverse conditions such as poor soil quality, drought, or extreme temperatures.
  • It is not deliberately left uncultivated like fallow land but is inherently unproductive.
• Fallow other than current fallow
  • This category includes land that has been left uncultivated for more than a year but less than five years.
  • Unlike current fallow, this land has been out of use for a longer period, allowing for more significant restoration of soil fertility.
• Cultural waste-land
  • This term refers to land that has been degraded by human activity (such as excessive grazing, deforestation, or poor agricultural practices) to the point where it is no longer productive.
  • Unlike fallow land, which is a deliberate and temporary measure for soil recovery, cultural waste-land is a result of misuse or overuse.

The correct option is 'A - I, B - III, C - IV, D - II'.

Key Points

• Coal is majorly found in Talcher.
  • Talcher, located in Odisha, India, is one of the prime locations for coal mining in the country.
  • This area is known for its rich deposits of coal and has several coal mines.
• Iron ore is extensively mined in Mayurbhanj.
  • Mayurbhanj, also in Odisha, is known for its rich deposits of iron ore.
  • It is one of the leading regions in India contributing significantly to the supply of iron ore.
• Copper is predominantly extracted from Khetri.
  • Khetri, located in Rajasthan, is renowned for its copper mines.
  • It is one of the major copper producing areas in India, contributing significantly to the copper supply.
• Bauxite is abundantly found in the Maikal Hills.
  • The Maikal Hills, part of central India, are known for their rich bauxite deposits.
  • Bauxite is the primary ore of aluminium, and the Maikal Hills contribute significantly to its production in India.

Therefore the correct pairing is:
A - I: Coal - Talcher
B - III: Iron - Mayurbhanj
C - IV: Copper - Khetri
D - II: Bauxite - Maikal Hills

Nagaland.

Understanding the reason behind the compactness of villages in various Indian states—especially in the context of security and defense—requires delving into the historical, geographical, and socio-cultural backgrounds of each state listed.
Key Points

• Nagaland
  • Nagaland, situated in the northeastern part of India, is well-known for its tribal communities and hilly terrain.
  • Historically, the tribes of Nagaland constructed their villages on hilltops or in strategically defensible locations primarily for security reasons.
  • Inter-tribal warfare and head-hunting were common among the Naga tribes until the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
  • The compact nature of these villages served as a defense mechanism, allowing for easier protection against raids.
  • The social structure and logistical considerations of defense significantly influenced the compact settlement pattern seen in Nagaland.

Additional Information

• Uttar Pradesh
  • Uttar Pradesh, located in the northern part of India, has a vastly different terrain and historical context compared to Nagaland.
  • The state's villages are generally spread out and not typically compact for defense purposes.
  • Historically, the region has been more focused on agriculture, facilitated by the fertile plains of the Ganges and its tributaries.
  • While there have been historical conflicts and invasions, the settlement patterns in Uttar Pradesh have not been predominantly defined by the need for compactness for security and defense in the same way as seen in regions like Nagaland.
• Bihar
  • Similar to Uttar Pradesh, Bihar is situated in the eastern part of India along the Gangetic plains and is characterized by its rich agricultural land.
  • The settlement patterns in Bihar have also been influenced more by the agrarian lifestyle rather than the need for defensive positions.
  • While historical instances of conflict and invasion are part of Bihar's history, the general layout of villages does not predominantly reflect a compact formation specifically designed for security reasons.
  • Villages in Bihar tend to be organized based on agricultural needs, access to water resources, and social caste structures.
• Maharashtra
  • Maharashtra, located in the western part of India, has a diverse geography that includes coastal plains, plateaus, and the Western Ghats.
  • While Maharashtra has a history of Maratha warfare and has several hill forts, the compactness of villages for defense purposes is not as common as it is in Nagaland.
  • Maharashtra's villages are more likely to be influenced by factors such as trade routes, agriculture, and the colonial history rather than solely for defense.
  • The state's history does include strategies involving forts and defense, but this does not typically translate into the compact village arrangements specifically for security and defense purposes.

high tech

Key Points

• Silicon Valley and Silicon Forest are renowned for their high-tech industries.
• This includes a concentration of businesses and institutions involved in the research, development, and production of high-tech products and services, such as software, electronics, and biotechnology.
• Silicon Valley near San Francisco and Silicon Forest near Seattle are iconic for their high-tech industries, which play a crucial role in the global economy through innovation and technology development.

Additional Information

• Iron and Steel Industry:
  • This option is incorrect because the iron and steel industry is primarily concerned with the production of steel and iron, including their derivatives.
  • This industry is typically located near sources of raw materials and requires heavy investment and infrastructure.
• Cotton Textile Industry:
  • This choice is incorrect as the cotton textile industry focuses on the production of textiles from cotton and other fibers.
  • It includes spinning, weaving, and finishing of fabrics.
• Cement Industry:
  • This option is incorrect because the cement industry is involved in the manufacturing of cement, a key ingredient in concrete.
  • This process requires substantial energy and raw materials like limestone. The regions mentioned are not associated with the cement manufacturing process.

The correct answer is 31.16 percent.

Key Points

• The level of urbanisation in India as per the Census of 2011 was 31.16 percent. This indicates the percentage of the total population living in urban areas.
• Urbanisation refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas, the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change.
• It is significant as it can lead to economic development, improvement in living standards, and increased access to services. However, it also poses challenges such as housing shortages, infrastructure demands, and environmental concerns.
• The Census of India is conducted every 10 years and provides vital information for planning and policy-making at both the national and regional levels.
• The figure of 31.16 percent in 2011 marked an increase from the 27.81 percent urbanisation level recorded in the 2001 census, reflecting a continuing trend of urban growth in India.

Additional Information

• India's urbanisation is influenced by factors such as migration from rural areas in search of better employment opportunities, education, and living conditions.
• The government of India has launched several schemes aimed at managing urban growth and improving urban infrastructure, including the Smart Cities Mission and the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT).
• Understanding the level of urbanisation is crucial for sustainable development, as it helps in planning for the future needs of urban settlements in terms of infrastructure, transportation, housing, and basic services like water supply and sanitation.

The correct answer is from 1951 to 1981.

Key Points

• The decades 1951-1981 (Phase III) are referred to as the period of population explosion in India.
• It was caused by a rapid fall in the mortality rate but a high fertility rate of the population in the country.
• The average annual growth rate was as high as 2.2 percent.
• It is in this period, after the Independence, that developmental activities were introduced through a centralized planning process and the economy started showing up ensuring the improvement of the living conditions of people at large.
• Consequently, there was a high natural increase and a higher growth rate.

Additional Information

• India is the second-most populous country after China in the world.
• Phase I :
  • The period from 1901-1921 is referred to as a period of the stagnant or stationary phase of growth of India’s population.
  • In this period growth rate was very low, even recording a negative growth rate during 1911-1921.
• Phase II :
  • The decades 1921-1951 are referred to as the period of steady population growth.
  • An overall improvement in health and sanitation throughout the country brought down the mortality rate.
• Phase IV :
  • Post-1981 till present, the growth rate of the country’s population though remained high, has started slowing down gradually.

Note - At present, India has overtaken China as the world's most populous country,

The correct answer is Option 4.
Key Points

• A surgical procedure is a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments; performed to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body.
• It is also called an operation, surgery, etc. in general language.
• In medical language, it is called a sterilization procedure.
• It blocks gamete transport and thus prevents fertilization.

Important PointsThe surgical methods of contraception are as follows:

1. Vasectomy: A small fragment of vas deferens is removed from the male reproductive system (Vas deferens)
2. Tubectomy: A small portion of the female fallopian tube is removed, and ends tied with a nylon thread, preventing egg transport into the uterus.

Additional InformationContraception -

• The products designed to avoid unwanted pregnancy are called contraceptives.
• Natural, hormonal barriers, contraceptive implants, and permanent contraception by surgical methods are few examples of contraceptives.
• Contraceptives also prevent the transmission of STDs.
• Surgical procedures for family planning include tubal ligation for female sterilization and vasectomy for male sterilization.

Advantages of Sterilization

• Sterilization is highly effective and offers permanent protection from unwanted pregnancy with none of the potential side effects of temporary contraceptive methods.
  

Transport is the means by which people and goods move. The four major means of transport are roadways, railways, waterways and airways.

• Roads
  • India has the second-largest road network in the world.
  • Roadways are most commonly used means of transport especially for short distances.
• ​Waterways
  • Waterways are the cheapest for carrying heavy and bulky goods over long distances.
  • They are mainly of two types – inland waterways and sea routes
• Airways
  • This is the fastest way of transport developed in the early twentieth century.
  • It is also the most expensive due to high cost of fuels.
  • It is the only mode of transport to reach the most remote and distant areas especially where there are no roads and railways.

Thus, statement A, B and D are correct.

Additional Information

Railways:

• The railways carry heavy goods and people over long distances quickly and cheaply.
• The invention of the steam engine and the Industrial Revolution helped in speedy development of rail transport.
• Diesel and electric engines have largely replaced the steam engines.
• In places super fast trains have been introduced to make the journey faster.
• The railway network is well developed over the plain areas.
• Advanced technological skills have enabled laying of railway lines in difficult mountain terrains also. But these are much fewer in number. Thus, statement C is incorrect.
• Indian railway network is well developed. It is the largest in Asia.

The correct answer is Railways.

Key PointsThe question is asking about the means of transport in India, with the largest network in Asia.

• Option 1: Roadways - This refers to the road network in India. While India has an extensive road network, it is not the largest in Asia.
• Option 2: Railways - This refers to the railway network in India. India has the largest railway network in Asia, and it is also one of the largest in the world.
• Option 3: Waterways - This refers to the water transport network in India. While India has a significant coastline and several major rivers, its water transport network is not as extensive as its road or rail network.
• Option 4: Pipelines - This refers to the pipeline network in India. India has a significant pipeline network for transporting oil and gas, but it is not the largest in Asia.

Important Points

• The Indian railway network is one of the largest in the world, covering over 67,000 km of track and serving millions of passengers every day.
• The railway network is operated by Indian Railways, one of the world's largest employers, with over 1.3 million employees.
• The railway network is divided into zones, each of which is responsible for a specific region of India.
• The railway network plays a crucial role in the Indian economy, transporting goods and people across the country.

Additional Information

• India has the second-largest road network in the world, with over 5.5 million km of roads.
• India has several major rivers, including the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Indus, but its water transport network is underdeveloped compared to other countries.
• India has a significant pipeline network for transporting oil and gas, but it is primarily used for domestic consumption.

The correct answer is Border Roads Organisation.Key Points

• The correct answer is option 1, i.e., Border Roads Organisation (BRO), which is responsible for the development and maintenance of roads on the Indian borders.
• BRO is a leading road construction agency under the Ministry of Defence that was formed in 1960.
• Its primary objective is to ensure connectivity in the border areas of the country and provide better access to remote areas.
• The BRO is responsible for constructing and maintaining strategic roads, bridges, tunnels, and airfields in difficult terrains and hostile environments.
• They also undertake construction and maintenance of roads in the border regions of neighboring countries.
• The BRO has been instrumental in the development of road infrastructure in the Himalayan region, including the construction of the world's highest motorable road, the Umling La Pass in Ladakh.
• The BRO has also played a crucial role in the construction of roads in the northeastern states of India, which have helped in improving connectivity and development in the region.

Additional Information

• Option 2: Western Roadways Organisation is not a valid organization responsible for the development and maintenance of roads on the Indian borders.
• Option 3: National Green Highways Project is a government initiative that aims to develop eco-friendly national highways by planting trees along the highways to reduce pollution and promote sustainable development.
  • However, it is not responsible for the development and maintenance of roads on the Indian borders.
• Option 4: Eastern Roadways Organisation is not a valid organization responsible for the development and maintenance of roads on the Indian borders.

Activities that involve the direct use of natural resources
Primary activities are directly related to natural resources, such as farming, fishing, and mining, whereas manufacturing and IT belong to secondary and tertiary sectors, respectively.

 All of the above
Climate determines the type of agriculture or fishing possible, natural resources affect mining and forestry, and economic development influences how much a country relies on primary activities.

Manufacturing steel from iron ore
Manufacturing is a secondary activity since it involves processing raw materials, unlike farming, fishing, and mining, which are primary activities.

All of the above
Fishing is essential for food security, employment, and industrial supply chains, especially in coastal nations where marine resources are abundant.

Extraction of minerals and fuels from the earth
Mining involves extracting valuable minerals and fuels, which are later processed in secondary industries. It does not include manufacturing or IT services.

Farming mainly for self-consumption
Subsistence agriculture is practiced by farmers who grow just enough food for their family, often with traditional techniques and minimal surplus.

Large tea estates in Assam and Sri Lanka
Plantation agriculture involves large-scale production of a single crop, usually for export, as seen in tea estates and rubber plantations.

It uses high-tech irrigation and fertilizers
Intensive farming employs modern technology, high inputs, and scientific techniques, allowing greater productivity per hectare than extensive farming.

Climate and soil fertility
Different types of crops and farming methods are heavily influenced by climate and soil conditions, determining what can be grown efficiently.

It relies on large land areas with minimal inputs
Extensive farming is characterized by large farms, minimal labor, and lower productivity per hectare, whereas intensive farming focuses on high inputs and smaller landholdings.

Human resource development is the integrated use of training, organisation, and career development efforts to improve individual, group, and organisational effectiveness. 'R' and 'S' are the activities aimed at improving the skill level of an individual, such that the individual will be able to perform better at the workplace as a result of this training and these workshops. 'P' is incorrect as it itself is not a human development activity. Although the purpose for education loan is obtaining education, only education would be regarded as a human development activity. 'Q' is not a human resource development activity.

The Bakarwal community was listed as a 'Scheduled Tribe' along with the Gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir in 1991. As sheep and goat rearing transhumants, the Bakarwals alternate between high and low altitudes, based on the seasons, in the hills of the Himalayas. This is why the Bakarwals, as a singular tribe, are stretched from the hills of the Hindu Kush in Nuristan to the hills of the Himalayas in Uttarakhand.

The Green Revolution in the late 1960s introduced the Indian farmer to cultivation of wheat and rice using high yielding varieties (HYVs) of seeds, mechanised farm tools, irrigation facilities, pesticides and fertilisers. Compared to the traditional seeds, the HYV seeds promised to produce much greater amounts of grain on a single plant. As a result, the same piece of land would now produce far larger quantities of foodgrains than was possible earlier.

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Hyderabad, is an Indian government-owned engineering and manufacturing enterprise based in New Delhi, India, under the Ministry of Heavy Industries. Established in 1956, BHEL is India’s largest power generation equipment manufacturer, producing electrical and electronic components, making it part of the electronics industry in a broader sense.

Rainwater harvesting has been practised through various methods by different communities in the country for a long time. Traditional rainwater harvesting in rural areas is done by using surface storage bodies, like lakes, ponds, irrigation tanks, etc.
In Rajasthan, rainwater harvesting structures locally known as kunds or tankas (covered underground tanks) are constructed near or in the house or a village to store harvested rainwater.

Pulses are a very important ingredient of vegetarian food as these are rich sources of proteins. Pulses are legume crops which increase the natural fertility of soils through nitrogen fixation. India is a leading producer of pulses in the world. The cultivation of pulses in the country is largely concentrated in the dry lands of Deccan and central plateaus and north-western parts of the country.

We need to use our resources carefully so that they cannot be wasted by us and can be saved for use in our future. We must not forget that we borrowed resources from future generations and not inherited from past generation. Natural resources which are present in a limited amount in nature, are called non-renewable sources. Also, population is increasing; hence, consumption of resources is also increasing.

"Small Is Beautiful: A Study of Economics As If People Mattered" is a collection of essays published in 1973 by E. F. Schumacher.
Ernst Friedrich Schumacher CBE was a German-British statistician and economist who was best known for his proposals for human-scale, decentralised and appropriate technologies.

Between 1929 and 1939, the Great Depression was a devastating global economic depression that began with a large drop in stock values in the United States. The economic contagion began on September 4, 1929, and was widely publicised on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, when the stock market crashed. The population of the United States was estimated to be 12,27,75,046 according to the 1930 United States Census. Around 40% of the population was under the age of 20. Suicide rates rose, although life expectancy rose from 57 years in 1929 to 63 years in 1933.